scholarly journals Food insecurity and patterns of dietary intake in a sample of UK adults

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Jackie Shinwell ◽  
Melissa Bateson ◽  
Daniel Nettle ◽  
Gillian V. Pepper
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Total Energy Intake ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Variable Time ◽  
Important Health

Abstract The aim of this study was to identify the dietary-intake correlates of food insecurity in UK adults. We recruited groups of low-income participants who were classified as food insecure (n = 196) or food secure (n = 198). Participants completed up to five 24h dietary recalls. There was no difference in total energy intake by food insecurity status (βFI = −0.06, 95% CI −0.25 to 0.13). Food insecure participants consumed a less diverse diet, as evidenced by fewer distinct foods per meal (βFI = −0.27, 95% CI −0.47 to −0.07), and had more variable time gaps between meals (βFI = 0.21, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.41). These associations corresponded closely to those found in a recent U.S. study using similar measures, suggesting that the dietary intake signature of food insecurity generalizes across populations. The findings suggest that the consequences of food insecurity for weight gain and health are not due to increased energy intake. We suggest that there may be important health and metabolic effects of temporal irregularity in dietary intake, which appears to be an important component of food insecurity.

scholarly journals Dietary Macronutrient Intakes and Mortality among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng-Chieh Lin ◽  
Chiu-Shong Liu ◽  
Chia-Ing Li ◽  
Chih-Hsueh Lin ◽  
Wen-Yuan Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Total Energy Intake ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
Food Diary ◽  
Cvd Mortality

The best macronutrient percentages of dietary intake supporting longevity remains unclear. The strength of association between dietary intake and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) should be quantified as a basis for dietary recommendations. Our study cohort consisted of 15,289 type 2 diabetic patients aged 30 years and older in Taiwan during 2001–2014 and was followed up through 2016. Percentages of macronutrient intakes were calculated as dietary energy intake contributed by carbohydrate, protein, and fat, divided by the total energy intake using a 24 h food diary recall approach. Cox proportional hazard models were applied to examine the temporal relation of macronutrient intakes with all-cause and cause-specific mortality. The average follow-up time was 7.4 years, during which 2784 adults with T2DM died. After multivariable adjustment, people with fourth and fifth quintiles of total energy, second and third quintiles of carbohydrate, and fourth quintiles of protein intakes were likely to have lower risks of all-cause and expanded cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. People with fifth quintiles of total energy intake were likely to have decreased non-expanded CVD mortality. We found a significant interaction between gender and fat intake on all-cause and expanded CVD mortality. Fat intake was associated with all-cause, expanded and non-expanded CVD mortality among males with T2DM. Total energy, carbohydrate, and protein intakes were associated with lower risks of all-cause and expanded CVD mortality, with minimal risks observed at ≥1673 Kcal total energy, 43–52% carbohydrate intake, and 15–16% protein intake among people with T2DM.

scholarly journals Impact of Fortified Ultra-Processed Foods on Risk of Anemia: A New Perspective for Pediatric Nutrition

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 841-841
Author(s):  
Daniel Hoffman ◽  
Paula dos Leffa ◽  
Caroline Sangalli ◽  
Julia Valmórbida ◽  
André Dornelles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Total Energy Intake ◽  
Processed Foods ◽  
Double Burden ◽  
Poor Diet ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objectives Poor diet quality is a major risk factor for the development of anemia. An increased consumption of fortified ultra-processed food (UPF) among children presents a new contributor to micronutrient intake, one that could potentially improve anemia biomarkers despite having a concomitantly low diet quality. Our objective was to investigate the impact of fortified UPF consumption on the prevalence of anemia and diet quality among children from low-income families in Brazil. Methods A cross-sectional analyses from a randomized field trial of children at 3 years of age (n = 432) from Porto Alegre, Brazil. Capillary blood samples were taken to measure hemoglobin concentration (Hb) and used to determine anemia status. Dietary data was assessed using two multiple-pass 24-h recalls and the consumption of UPF was classified according to the NOVA system. Results UPF account for 42.6% of total energy intake. Children in the highest tertile of UPF consumption had significantly lower risk of anemia (Hb < 110 g/L) compared to those in the lowest tertile (tertile 3 vs. tertile 1; OR 0.56 95% CI 0.39 to 0.82). Similarly, a 10% increase in the consumption of UPF was associated with a 22% lower risk of anemia (95% CI 0.64 to 0.94). Conversely, consumption of UPF was negatively associated with consumption of unprocessed/minimally processed foods. Finally, as the contribution of UPF to total energy intake increased, the intake of added sugars, total fats, and sodium increased, whereas the intake of proteins, fiber, and calcium decreased. Conclusions The consumption of fortified UPF was associated with a lower risk of anemia and a poor diet quality in children from a low-income community in Brazil. The co-existence of normal Hb with poor diet quality suggests the need for a more nuanced assessment of dietary patterns in low-income settings to best address this paradoxical situation as the prevalence of the double burden of disease continues to increase throughout the world. Funding Sources Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES).

scholarly journals Associations Between Consumption of Ready to Eat Cereal and Dietary Intake and Diet Quality in Hispanics (P18-052-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Zhu ◽  
Jessica Smith ◽  
Vipra Vanage ◽  
Neha Jain ◽  
Mitesh Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Total Energy Intake ◽  
Hispanic Population ◽  
Hispanic Children ◽  
Added Sugar

Abstract Objectives To understand consumption pattern of ready to eat cereal (RTEC) in the Hispanic population in the United States and investigate associations between RTEC consumption and dietary intake as well as diet quality in this population. Methods Children aged between 2–17 years old (N = 899) and adults aged 18 years or older (N = 1593) who were Mexican American or other Hispanics from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2015–2016 were included in the study. Day 1 dietary data were used to determine RTEC consumption status, energy intake, nutrient and food group intake. Diet quality was measured as the Healthy Eating Index 2015 (HEI-2015). Multiple linear regression analyses for surveys were conducted to estimate covariates-adjusted associations between RTEC consumption and dietary intake, as well as diet quality. Results About 40% of Hispanic children reported RTEC consumption whereas only 14% of Hispanic adults were RTEC eaters. RTEC eaters were more likely from lower income families. Compared to non-eaters, both children and adults who reported RTEC consumption had significantly higher intake of whole grains, dairy products, and vitamins and minerals such as calcium, iron, zinc, folate, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B12, vitamin B6, vitamin A, vitamin D; as well as significantly lower intake of sodium and dietary cholesterol (P < 0.05 for all). Total energy intake and added sugar intake did not differ by RTEC consumption status in both age groups. HEI-2015 total score was significantly higher in RTEC eaters than non-eaters in both Hispanic children and adults (P < 0.05 for both). Conclusions Consumption of RTEC is associated with improved diet quality including higher intake of whole grain and dairy products, as well as several vitamins and minerals in both Hispanic children and adults. Consumption of RTEC is not associated with total energy intake or added sugar in the Hispanic population. Funding Sources The study was funded by General Mills, Inc.

scholarly journals Long-Term Change in both Dietary Insulinemic and Inflammatory Potential Is Associated with Weight Gain in Adult Women and Men

2019 ◽  
Vol 149 (5) ◽  
pp. 804-815 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred K Tabung ◽  
Ambika Satija ◽  
Teresa T Fung ◽  
Steven K Clinton ◽  
Edward L Giovannucci
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Total Energy Intake ◽  
Weighted Sums ◽  
Baseline Body Mass Index ◽  
Adult Women

ABSTRACT Background The influence of long-term dietary patterns on weight gain and the underlying potential biological mechanisms are not fully understood. Objective We prospectively examined the association of changes in 2 empirical hypothesis-oriented dietary patterns (insulinemic and inflammatory) and weight gain over 24 y at 4-y intervals. Methods We followed 54,397 women in the Nurses’ Health Study and 33,043 men in the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (1986–2010), and computed the empirical dietary index for hyperinsulinemia (EDIH) and empirical dietary inflammatory pattern (EDIP) scores from food frequency questionnaires administered every 4 y. Both scores are weighted sums of 18 food groups, which characterize dietary insulinemic or inflammatory potential based on plasma levels of insulin response or inflammatory biomarkers. We used multivariable-adjusted linear regression to examine 4-y changes in the dietary scores and weight change within the same period. Results The mean baseline body mass index (BMI, in kg/m2) was 25.4. Compared with participants who made minimal dietary changes (quintile 3) over 6 4-y periods; participants who changed their diets toward lower insulinemic or inflammatory potential (quintile 1) gained significantly less weight (in kilograms per 4 y) independent of total energy intake, BMI, physical activity, and smoking status: EDIH: −0.65 (95% CI: −0.73, −0.57), EDIP: −0.29 (−0.37, −0.21) among women; and EDIH: −0.60 (−0.71, −0.49), EDIP: −0.19 (−0.27, −0.07) among men. In contrast, those who changed their diets toward higher insulinemic or inflammatory potential (quintile 5) gained significantly more weight: EDIH: 0.43 (0.36, 0.51), EDIP: 0.15 (0.07, 0.23) among women; and EDIH: 0.49 (0.38, 0.59), EDIP: 0.22 (0.11, 0.33) among men (P-trend < 0.0001 for all comparisons). Associations were stronger among individuals who were overweight or obese, younger, less physically active, and had never smoked. Conclusions High dietary insulinemic and inflammatory potential is associated with substantial long-term weight gain in adult men and women independent of total energy intake. Dietary patterns with low insulinemic and inflammatory potential may aid in weight gain prevention.

scholarly journals Trends in dietary intake in Switzerland, 1999 to 2009

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 479-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daisy Abreu ◽  
Isabel Cardoso ◽  
Jean-Michel Gaspoz ◽  
Idris Guessous ◽  
Pedro Marques-Vidal
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Vegetable Protein ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Total Energy Intake ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Total Carbohydrate ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Random Samples

AbstractObjectiveTo assess nutrition trends of the Geneva population for the period 1999–2009.DesignBus Santé Geneva study, which conducts annual health surveys in random samples of the Geneva population. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated FFQ and trends were assessed by linear regression.SettingPopulation-based survey.SubjectsData from 9283 participants (50 % women, mean age 51·5 (sd10·8) years) were analysed.ResultsIn both genders total energy intake decreased from 1999 to 2009, by 2·9 % in men and by 6·3 % in women (both trendsP< 0·005). Vegetable protein and total carbohydrate intakes, expressed as a percentage of total energy intake, increased in women. MUFA intake increased while SFA, PUFA and alcohol intakes decreased in both genders. Intakes of Ca, Fe and carotene decreased in both genders. No changes in fibre, vitamin D and vitamin A intakes were found. Similar findings were obtained after excluding participants with extreme dietary intakes, except that the decreases in SFA, vegetable protein and carbohydrate were no longer significant in women.ConclusionsBetween 1999 and 2009, a small decrease in total energy intake was noted in the Geneva population. Although the decrease in alcohol and SFA intakes is of interest, the decrease in Ca and Fe intakes may have adverse health effects in the future.

scholarly journals Dietary Intake and Body Composition Characteristics of National Football League Players

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Afrifa ◽  
Kwabena Nsiah ◽  
Collins Afriyie Appiah ◽  
Omoniyi Monday Moses
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
National Football League ◽  
Total Energy Intake ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Composition Characteristics

Background: It has been well documented that adequate body composition characteristics and good nutrition practices play significant roles in maintaining good health, proper immune functioning, muscle growth and repair, and delaying fatigue in continuously intense athletic performance. It would be incumbent, however, to support imported information with local data to enhance effective implementation. Objectives: To examine dietary intake and body composition characteristics of National Football League Players in the Ashanti region of Ghana. Methods: Cross-sectional study was used. 95 football players from the premier, 1st and 2nd divisions of the Ghana National Football League were recruited. A 24-hour dietary recall was used to assess the dietary intake of the players. Body composition characteristics of body mass index, percentage (%) body fat, visceral fat and percentage (%) muscle mass were measured. Results: There were 8 (9.3%) goalkeepers, 29 (33.7%) defenders, 34 (39.5%) midfielders and 15 (17.4%) strikers. 42 (44.2%) of the players ate twice per day. Players within age group of 20 - 25 (49, 51.6%) had the highest mean total energy intake (2342.96 ± 848.18), carbohydrates (324.18 ± 106.35), proteins (75.54 ± 23.94) and fats (83.00 ± 50.76). Midfield players had the highest mean total energy intake (2216.26 ± 803.87), carbohydrates (315.74 ± 121.02), proteins (74.23 ± 26.35) and fats (71.59 ± 34.32). 82 (86.3%) had normal weight, 79 (83.2%) normal % body fat, 45 (47.4%) had very high % muscle mass. Conclusions: The sample in this study has low total energy intake compared to other studies. Insufficient nutritional diets could suggest the reason for the low energy intake. If low energy intake persists, the players might be at high risk of chronic cardiovascular diseases and diabetes conditions.

scholarly journals Within-subject Comparison of Dietary Intake and Diet Quality on Days with and Without Ready to Eat Cereal Consumption (P18-053-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Zhu ◽  
Jessica Smith ◽  
Neha Jain ◽  
Vipra Vanage ◽  
Mitesh Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Total Sugar ◽  
Total Energy Intake ◽  
Added Sugar ◽  
Subject Differences

Abstract Objectives Studies have shown ready to eat cereal (RTEC) eaters had better dietary intake than non-eaters, however, little is known about within-subject differences by RTEC consumption. The study was conducted to compare differences in dietary intake and diet quality between the day with and without RTEC consumption in adults from the United States. Methods Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013–2014 and 2015–2016 were used in the study. The sample comprised of 1818 adults aged 18 years or older who reported consumption of RTEC in one day but not the other day based on two 24-hour dietary recalls. Energy and nutrient intake were obtained from the dietary data, whereas intake of whole grains and added sugar were estimated using Food Patterns Equivalent Database. Diet quality was measured by Healthy Eating Index 2015 (HEI-2015). Multiple linear regression analyses for surveys were conducted to estimate within-subject differences in each outcome by RTEC consumption while adjusting for recall day, recall method, as well as a separate fixed effect of each person to control for demographic characteristics. Results Subjects had significantly higher intake of vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin B12, vitamin B6, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, folate, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, potassium, phosphorus, carbohydrate, as well as dietary fiber and whole grains, together with significantly lower intake of total fat and sodium, on the day when they consumed RTEC than the day when RTEC was not consumed (P < 0.05 for all). Total energy intake, intake of protein and total sugar as well as added sugar did not differ significantly between the day with and without RTEC consumption. On days when RTEC was consumed, HEI-2015 total score, as well as sub scores for adequacy components including whole fruits, whole grains, dairy, and moderation components including saturated fat, added sugar, and sodium, were significantly higher (P < 0.05 for all). Conclusions When adults consumed RTEC on a given day, they had a healthier diet with higher daily intake of dietary fiber, whole grains, as well as many key vitamins and minerals than the day when they did not consume RTEC. RTEC consumption is not associated with total energy intake and intake of total sugar or added sugar. Funding Sources The study was funded by General Mills, Inc.

scholarly journals Effects of White Wine Consumption on Weight in Rats: Do Polyphenols Matter?

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Marija Milat ◽  
Ivana Mudnić ◽  
Ivica Grković ◽  
Nikola Ključević ◽  
Mia Grga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Efficiency Index ◽  
White Wine ◽  
Total Energy Intake ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Wine Polyphenols

Introduction. Effects of white wine and the role of wine polyphenols on weight gain in rats of different age were examined in the 4-week-voluntary-consumption trial.Methods and Materials. Biochemically characterized standard (low polyphenols, W) and macerated (high polyphenolic content, PW) white wines were compared. One- and three-month-old Sprague-Dawley male rats (n=78) were used. Each age group was subdivided into water-only-drinking controls (C), W, and PW-drinking animals. Daily wine and total liquid consumption, food intake, and body weight were measured, and energy intake and feed efficiency index were calculated.Results. In both age categories, wine-drinking animals consumed less food and gained less weight in comparison to C (181 ± 2, 179 ± 6, and 201 ± 5 in younger animals and 32 ± 5, 28 ± 6, and 47 ± 4 grams in older animals, resp.), regardless of wine type. Total energy intake was the lowest in PW-drinking animals.Conclusion. Wine-drinking animals gained less weight in comparison to C, regardless of the wines’ polyphenol content. Although our results are indicative of the major role of nonphenolic constituents of the wines (probably ethanol), the modifying role of wine phenolics on weight gain cannot be excluded as the group consuming PW had lower total energy intake than other groups.

scholarly journals Associations between obesity candidate gene polymorphisms (fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO), melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R), leptin (LEP) and leptin receptor (LEPR)) and dietary intake in pregnant women

2018 ◽  
Vol 120 (4) ◽  
pp. 454-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maisa C. Martins ◽  
Janet Trujillo ◽  
Ana Amélia Freitas-Vilela ◽  
Dayana R. Farias ◽  
Eliane L. Rosado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Leptin Receptor ◽  
Total Energy Intake ◽  
Processed Foods ◽  
Melanocortin 4 Receptor ◽  
Mc4r Rs17782313 ◽  
Fto Rs9939609

AbstractGenetic variants associated with dietary intake may be important as factors underlying the development of obesity. We investigated the associations between the obesity candidate genes (fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO), melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R), leptin (LEP) and leptin receptor) and total energy intake and percentage of energy from macronutrients and ultra-processed foods before and during pregnancy. A sample of 149 pregnant women was followed up in a prospective cohort in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. A FFQ was administered at 5–13 and 30–36 weeks of gestation. Genotyping was performed using real-time PCR. Associations between polymorphisms and the outcomes were investigated through multiple linear regression and ANCOVA having pre-pregnancy dietary intake as a covariate. The A-allele of FTO-rs9939609 was associated with a −6·5 % (95 % CI −12·3, −0·4) decrease in the percentage of energy from protein and positively associated with the percentage of energy from carbohydrates before pregnancy (β=2·6; 95 % CI 0·5, 4·8) and with a 13·3 % (95 % CI 0·7, 27·5) increase in the total energy intake during pregnancy. The C-allele of MC4R-rs17782313 was associated with a −7·6 % (95 % CI −13·8, −1·0) decrease in the percentage of energy from protein, and positively associated with the percentage of energy from ultra-processed foods (β=5·4; 95 % CI 1·1, 9·8) during pregnancy. ANCOVA results revealed changes in dietary intake from pre-pregnancy to pregnancy for FTO-rs9939609 (percentage of energy from ultra-processed foods, P=0·03), MC4R-rs17782313 (total energy intake, P=0·02) and LEP-rs7799039 (total energy intake, P=0·04; percentage of energy from protein, P=0·04). These findings suggest significant associations between FTO-rs9939609, MC4R-rs17782313 and LEP-rs7799039 genes and the components of dietary intake in pregnant women.

scholarly journals Intake of fruits, vegetables, folic acid and related nutrients and risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women

1998 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Thorand ◽  
Lenore Kohlmeier ◽  
Naal Simonsen ◽  
Carry Croghan ◽  
Michael Thamm
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Folic Acid ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Total Energy Intake ◽  
High Intake

AbstractObjective:To determine the role of fruit and vegetable consumption and dietary intake of folic acid and related nutrients such as methionine, cysteine and alcohol in the aetiology of breast cancer.Design:Population based case-control study.Setting:Part of the European Community Multicentre Study on Antioxidants, Myocardial Infarction, and Cancer of the Breast (EURAMIC) in Berlin, Germany.subjects:As part of the EURAMIC study, dietary intake data were collected in 43 postmenopausal women diagnosed with breast cancer between 191 and 1992 in Berlin, Germany, and compared to 106 population-based controls.Results:Odds ratios (ORs) adjusted for major risk factors of breast cancer but not for total energy intake showed a non-significant inverse association between a high intake of vegetables (OR=0.76, 95% CI=0.48–1.20) and fruits (OR=0.74, 95% CI=0.48–1.15) and breast cancer. Once results were adjusted for total energy intake the associations became much weaker (vegetables: OR=0.86, 95% CI=0.51–1.46; fruits: OR=0.82, 95% CI=0.51–1.32). For all nutrients, the effect of energy adjustment was more profound and the inverse associations disappeared when results were adjusted for energy intake (total folate—not energy adjusted: OR=0.79, 95% CI=O.51–1.21; energy adjusted: OR=1.14, 95% CI=0.73–1.79; folate equivalents-not energy adjusted: OR=0.81, 95% CI= 0.53–1.23; energy adjusted: OR=1.16, 95% CI=0.78–1.74; methionine—not energy adjusted: OR=0.60, 95% CI=0.35–1.03; energy adjusted: OR=1.29, 95% CI=0.76–2.19; cysteine—not energy adjusted: OR=0.52, 95% CI=0.29–0.94; energy adjusted: OR=1.22, 95% CI=0.75–1.97). Alcohol intake was inversely associated with breast cancer in a non-significant way, possibly due to the relatively low alcohol intake of the study population.Conclusions:The results of this study do not provide firm evidence that a high intake of fruits and vegetables, folic acid, methionine or cysteine reduces the risk of getting breast cancer.

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