scholarly journals The implications of condensed tannins on the nutritive value of temperate forages fed to ruminants

1999 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 263-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. N. Barry ◽  
W. C. McNabb
Keyword(s):  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Nutritive Value

PSXI-14 Enteric methane and nitrogen emissions in cattle consuming tanniferous and non-tanniferous legumes, grass or a ration

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 347-348
Author(s):  
Juan J Villalba ◽  
Jennifer MacAdam ◽  
Raul Guevara
Keyword(s):  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Repeated Measure ◽  
Random Factor ◽  
Nitrogen Emissions ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
Grass Meadow ◽  
Angus Heifers ◽  
Urinary Nitrogen

Abstract Incorporation of legumes into forage systems has been a widely adopted strategy to increase pasture productivity and forage nutritive value, while reducing N inputs. In addition, some legumes contain beneficial chemicals like condensed tannins (CT), which could enhance the efficiency of energy and protein use in ruminants relative to other forages. We assessed (i) animal performance, (ii) methane emissions (SF6 technique), and (iii) concentration of nitrogen in urine and blood in cattle grazing a CT-containing legume (birdsfoot trefoil; BFT), a legume without tannins (cicer milkvetch; CMV), a grass (meadow brome; MB), or in cattle fed a total mixed ration (TMR). Fifteen Angus heifers were randomly assigned to one of three treatment pastures: (1) BFT, (2) CMV, and (3) MB. Each treatment had 5 spatial replications, randomly divided into three paddocks (64 × 57m), seeded with BFT, CMV or MB, and one heifer was assigned to each paddock. Five Angus heifers were randomly assigned to individual adjacent pens and received a TMR ration (25% of alfalfa hay, 25% corn silage and 50% chopped barley) during the same period. Response variables were analyzed as a split-plot design, with experimental units as the random factor and treatment as a fixed factor with day as the repeated measure. Cows grazing BFT (1.9% condensed tannins) or fed the TMR showed greater weight gains than cows grazing CMV or MB (P = 0.0006). Methane emissions did not differ among treatments (P > 0.05; Table 1). Blood urea nitrogen concentrations were similar in cows grazing BFT or CMV (P = 0.1202), but greater than in animals grazing MB or fed TMR (P < .0001). Urinary nitrogen concentrations were similar among treatments (P = 0.5266). These results suggest grazing tanniferous legumes enhanced BW gains with similar methane and urinary nitrogen emissions to grass and confinement alternatives and greater levels of production than grass or CMV.

scholarly journals Browse potential of bristly locust, smooth sumac, and sericea lespedeza for small ruminants

2019 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 1087-1098 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Acharya ◽  
A. J. Ashworth ◽  
D. M. Burner ◽  
J. M. Burke ◽  
D. H. Pote ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Sericea Lespedeza ◽  
Browse Species ◽  
Foliar Biomass

AbstractTemperate grass and legume yield and quality are markedly reduced during hot, dry summer months in the southern USA; therefore, browse species could add feed options for small ruminants during this season. Our objective was to compare total biomass yield and forage nutritive value of two browse species, leguminous bristly locust (Robinia hispida) and smooth sumac (Rhus glabra), as well as a leguminous shrub known as sericea lespedeza (Lespedeza cuneate), during summer months (June, July, August and September). Plants were sampled monthly during growing-seasons in 2012 and 2013 to determine biomass yield (foliar, shoot, and total above ground) and foliar nutritive value [crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL), and condensed tannins (CT)]. There was a species × harvest time interaction for foliar biomass yield (P = 0.0125). This interaction was likely due to low yield in June for bristly locust compared with sericea lespedeza and smooth sumac, but in all other months (July, August, and September) yields were similar for each species. Bristly locust had the highest CP (16.9%), followed by sericea lespedeza (14.8%), and smooth sumac (12.3%). Acid detergent fiber and ADL were similar between bristly locust (ADF 38.5%; ADL 24.1%) and sericea lespedeza (ADF 38.4%; ADL 23.1%), but was lower for smooth sumac (ADF 22.1%, ADL 6.3%; P < 0.05). Condensed tannins, an anti-nutritive yet anti-parasitic phenolic compounds, were highest in smooth sumac, intermediate in bristly locust, and lowest in sericea lespedeza. Plant foliar percentage (ratio of foliar to shoot mass), was highest in smooth sumac (55.1%), followed by sericea lespedeza (47.7%), and bristly locust (42.6%). Overall, smooth sumac had the highest foliar biomass and lowest ADF and ADL; however, this species had the lowest CP and highest CT. Consequently, average foliar biomass yield of all three browse species in our study far exceeded forage yield from dominant forage species [tall fescue (Schedonorus arundinaceus) and bermudagrass (Cyanodon dactylon)] in this region and may provide high-yielding, low input, anti-parasitic fodder for small ruminants during this period in the Southeastern U.S.

scholarly journals The effect of condensed tannins in Lotus corniculatus upon reproductive efficiency and wool production in sheep during late summer and autumn

1999 ◽  
pp. 51-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.N. Barry ◽  
W.C. Mcnabb ◽  
P.D. Kemp ◽  
G.C. Waghorn ◽  
B.R. Min ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Condensed Tannin ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Lotus Corniculatus ◽  
Ovulation Rate ◽  
Maximum Increase ◽  
Wool Production ◽  
Voluntary Feed Intake ◽  
Wool Growth

(23 g condensed tannins (CT) /kg DM) and perennial ryegrass-white clover pasture (1 g CT/ kg DM) during the late summer/autumn of 1997 (Experiment 1) and 1998 (Experiment 2). Ewes were in thin condition and weighed 54 kg in Experiment 1 and were fat and weighed 60 kg in Experiment 2. Oestrus was synchronised for two cycles in Experiment 1 and four cycles in Experiment 2. Ewes were grazed at maintenance for the first 10 days of each oestrus cycle and then ad libitum for the last 6 days, including ovulation. Half the ewes grazing L. corniculatus were drenched twice daily with polyethylene glycol (PEG), to inactivate the condensed tannins. Relative to ewes grazing pasture, grazing ewes on L. corniculatus increased both ovulation rate (OR) and wool production, with the response in OR being greater in Experiment 1 (34%) than in Experiment 2 (13%). Maximum increase in OR occurred after grazing lotus for two cycles (5 weeks). Increases in fecundity were caused by a reduction in the proportion of ewes exhibiting single ovulation and increases in the proportions having doubled and triple or quadruple ovulations. As judged by responses to PEG supplementation, part of the L. corniculatus response in OR could be explained by action of CT in Experiment 1 but not in Experiment 2. As voluntary feed intake was similar between the treatments, feeding L. corniculatus improved the efficiency with which ingested nutrients were used for reproduction and wool growth. It was concluded that grazing L. corniculatus during autumn has most potential for increasing OR in lighter ewes. Keywords: condensed tannin, forage, Lotus corniculatus, nutritive value, ovulation rate, wool growth Abbreviations

The utilisation of a commercial polyethylene glycol preparation to ameliorate the influence of tannins on rumen environment

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 131-131
Author(s):  
M.B. Salawu ◽  
T. Acamovic ◽  
C.S. Stewart ◽  
F.D. DeB. Hovell
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Microbial Activities ◽  
Commercial Preparation ◽  
Commercial Farms

Quebracho (Loxopterygium loetzil) tannins (QT) are condensed tannins that reduce the digestibilities of nutrients in ruminants (Robbins, et al, 1991), probably by forming complexes with the dietary protein and carbohydrates and reducing microbial activities (Makkar, et al, 1988). Browse Plus (BP), a commercial preparation of polyethylene glycol (PEG) has recently been used to improve the nutritive value of tannin-containing browses. Trials on commercial farms in Zimbabwe have demonstrated that BP improved the nutritional performance of cattle fed high tannin diets (Anon., 1995). Some in vitro work tend to support these findings (Acamovic, et al, 1995). An experiment to study the effectiveness of BP in ameliorating the effects of QT on the rumen environment was conducted.

Effect of condensed tannins inLotus pedunculatuson the nutritive value of ryegrass (Lolium perenne) fed to sheep

1995 ◽  
Vol 125 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. C. Waghorn ◽  
I. D. Shelton
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Substantial Effect ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Principal Finding ◽  
Lotus Pedunculatus

SUMMARYA feeding trial was undertaken in Palmerston North, New Zealand in 1991, to determine the extent to which condensed tannins (CT) inLotus pedunculatuswere able to affect the nutritive value of ryegrass (which does not contain CT) for sheep. The trial involved three groups of 11 male cryptorchid sheep held in metabolism crates so that intakes, digestibilities and nitrogen balances could be measured over a 42-day feeding period. One group was fed freshly cut ryegrass (Lolium perenneL.) as a sole diet (Grass group) and the other two groups were given a mixture of about one third freshly cut lotus and two thirds ryegrass (dry matter (DM) basis). This mixture containedc. 1·8% CT in the DM. One group given the mixed diet was drenched twice daily with polyethylene glycol (PEG; PEG group) to bind and remove the effects of the CT from the diet, whilst those not drenched were designated the ‘Tannin’ group. Intakes of all groups were constrained to that of the Grass group of sheep.Condensed tannins in the lotus had a major effect on the digestion of ryegrass. When the forages were immature, apparent digestibility of nitrogen (N) was substantially reduced in the Tannin sheep (65·3%)compared to the PEG (77·5%) and Grass (77·9%) groups (P< 0·001). With mature forages, the respective values were 48·8, 62·5 and 53·7% (P< 0·01). Rumen ammonia concentrations and plasma urea concentrations were also reduced by CT. Condensed tannins reduced DM digestibility by 3·7 percentage units (P< 0·05) mainly through the effects on N digestion. Concentrations of acetate, propionate and butyrate in rumen liquor were not affected by treatment, but CT reduced the proportions of the minor volatile fatty acids (VFA; isobutyrate, valerate and isovalerate). Treatment did not affect liveweight gain (131—164 g/day), or wool growth from mid-side patches, and N retention was not reduced by CT, so that the nutritive value of the forage was maintained despite the reduction in N digestibility. The principal finding was that CT inLotus pedunculatuswere able to affect the digestibility of both grass and lotus when fed together, and that as little as 1·8% of CT in the dietary DM had a substantial effect on rumen function.

Effect of condensed tannins in Lotus corniculatus on the nutritive value of pasture for sheep

1997 ◽  
Vol 128 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. C. WAGHORN ◽  
I. D. SHELTON
Keyword(s):  
Soluble Protein ◽  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Lotus Corniculatus ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Wool Growth

The extent to which condensed tannins (CT) in Lotus corniculatus were able to affect protein degradation and the nutritive value of pasture were evaluated at Palmerston North, New Zealand in 1992 in an indoor feeding trial with sheep and using in vitro incubations. The feeding trial involved three groups of seven young wether sheep held indoors in metabolism crates for the 32-day experimental period with one group fed freshly cut ryegrass/clover pasture (Pasture group) whilst the other two groups received a mixture of c. 37% freshly cut Lotus corniculatus and 63% pasture (dry matter (DM) basis). One of the latter groups was given twice daily oral drenches of polyethylene glycol (PEG) to bind with and remove the effects of the CT (PEG group) whilst the remaining sheep (Tannin group) were not drenched. Intakes of sheep given the mixed diets were constrained to that of the pasture group. The CT concentration in the lotus was 26·1 g/kg DM so that the mixed diets contained c. 10g CT/kg DM. Effects of CT on digestion and sheep performance were minimal. Apparent digestibility of N was lower in the Tannin group (76·4%) than PEG (79·8%) or Pasture (79·4%) sheep (P<0·001), but there were no differences in DM digestibility (75%) or wool growth from mid-side patches. Rumen ammonia and soluble protein concentrations appeared to be similar in PEG and Tannin sheep and volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations were similar in all groups (100 mmol/l).For incubations in vitro, several ratios of Lotus corniculatus: pasture were used to determine the effects of CT on precipitation of soluble proteins and the net yield of ammonia and gas with and without PEG. Homogenates of Lotus corniculatus leaves and pasture showed that 50% of soluble protein was precipitated by 1·3% CT in homogenate DM and there was a substantial decrease in in vitro degradation to ammonia when lotus leaf accounted for 33% or more of DM with pasture. This work emphasises the need for caution when extrapolating from in vitro to the in vivo situation and suggests that 1% CT from Lotus corniculatus may be insufficient to affect the nutritive value of fresh forages for sheep.

scholarly journals Supplementing pasture-fed dairy cows with pasture silage, maize silage, Lotus silage or sulla silage in summer - does it increase production?

2002 ◽  
pp. 85-89
Author(s):  
S.L. Woodward ◽  
A.V. Chaves ◽  
G.C. Waghorn ◽  
P.G. Laboyrie
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Silage Maize

Forages suitable for supplementing pasture-fed dairy cows over summer-autumn must provide adequate dry matter (DM) and increase milk yield above that produced by cows grazing normal ryegrass/white clover pasture, without compromising milk composition. A trial was conducted in January-February 2001 to compare the benefits obtained from feeding four types of silage. There were two silages that contained condensed tannins (CT) (birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus) and sulla (Hedysarum coronarium)), maize silage or traditional ryegrass-dominant pasture silage, all fed at 5 kg DM/cow/d with restricted pasture. Cows on the restricted pasture (control) treatment and those fed the silage treatments were offered an allowance of 25 kg DM pasture/cow/d, while the full pasture cows were offered 50 kg DM pasture/cow/d. Silage supplementation, regardless of silage type, increased both total dry matter intake (DMI) and milk production compared with the restricted pasture treatment. Cows on the Lotus silage supplement, and the full pasture treatment had significantly higher milk yields than the other silage-supplemented cows, all of which had similar milk yields. For the Lotus silage treatment, the high milk yield was probably due to a combination of the higher nutritive value of the silage, and to the action of CT, because the total DMI of the cows on the Lotus silage was the same as that of cows on the pasture silage and maize silage. The high milk yield of the full pasture treatment was mainly a result of the cows having a significantly higher total DMI than cows on all the other treatments. This trial has demonstrated the potential benefit of silage supplementation, particularly with Lotus silage, for increased milksolids yield in summerautumn when low pasture growth rates and quality may otherwise limit production. Keywords: condensed tannins, dairy cows, Lotus, maize, milksolids, ryegrass, silage, sulla, supplementation

scholarly journals ASPECTS OF THE FEEDING AND NUTRITIVE VALUE OF LOTUS SPECIES

1981 ◽  
pp. 152-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. John ◽  
J.A. Lancashire
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Protein Digestion ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Feeding Trials

Daily weight gains of sheep in pure sward grazing trials showed relative feeding values to be in the order: white clover (100) > sainfoin (97), Maku lotus (87) > lucerne, red clover (78) > perennial ryegrass (52). The high feeding value of lotus and sainfoin may be due to the presence of condensed tannins which have been shown to improve protein digestion and utilization in indoor feeding trials.

Condensed tannins and the nutritive value of herbage

1990 ◽  
pp. 171-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.C. Waghorn ◽  
W.T. Jones ◽  
I.D. Shelton ◽  
W.C. Mcnabb
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Protein Solubility ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Rumen Bacteria ◽  
Plant Proteins ◽  
Grazed Pasture

Many plant species contain condensed tannins (CT), but lotus is one of the few herbages of agricultural importance to contain CT. Lotus has a high nutritive value (NV) despite a moderate protein content and nitrogen digestibility, and this can be explained by the activity of CT during digestion. CT binds plant proteins in the rumen, reducing their solubility and degradation by rumen bacteria. Condensed tannins increase the passage of plant protein to the intestine, and have increased the availability and absorption of essential amino acids by 60% compared with equivalent CT-free forage. Condensed tannins prevent bloat. Dietary concentrations as low as 0.17% CT in the dry matter (DM) can affect protein solubility in the rumen, but concentrations up to about 2-3% of dietary DM are probably optimal for maximising NV. Values exceeding 5.5% of DM inhibit microbial activity excessively and depress voluntary intakes. Ruminant production of milk, meat and wool could be increased by l0-15 % if grazed pasture contained 2-3%CT. These levels would be achieved if white clover could be engineered to contain 7-8% CT in its foliage. Keywords condensed tannins, lotus, nutritive value, herbage, ruminant digestion

Nutrients, Antinutrients and Leaf Selection by Captive Koalas (Phascolarctos-Cinereus)

1993 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 379 ◽  
Author(s):  
ID Hume ◽  
C Esson
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
New South ◽  
Threshold Level ◽  
Lower Proportion ◽  
Phascolarctos Cinereus ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Oil Fraction

The preferences of koalas for Eucalyptus foliage, as ranked by keepers at 13 wildlife parks and zoos in New South Wales, were compared with the content of a number of nutrients and antinutrients (allelochemicals) in samples of the leaves offered to koalas in each park. Statistical analyses indicated that no single factor separated the four preference groups used, but that koalas selected foliage that contained at least a minimal or threshold level of water (approximately 55%) (P=0.028) and essential oils (approximately 2% of dry matter) (P=0.044). The essential oils of the two most preferred groups had a higher proportion of volatile monoterpenes (the most aromatic oil fraction) (P<0.001) and a lower proportion of sesquiterpenes (P<0.001) than those of the two least preferred groups. The two most preferred groups also had a higher (P=0.008) ratio of nitrogen (N) to neutral-detergent fibre (NDF), and the most preferred group had the lowest (P=0.033) content of condensed tannins (CT) and the highest (P=0.010) ratio of N to CT. Thus, the ratios of N to NDF and CT are likely to be important predictors of koala acceptance of Eucalyptus foliage, and probably its nutritive value. It also appears that koalas may use eucalypt oils as a positive feeding cue, and that they prefer oils with a relatively high proportion of volatile monoterpenes.

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