PSXI-14 Enteric methane and nitrogen emissions in cattle consuming tanniferous and non-tanniferous legumes, grass or a ration

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 347-348
Author(s):  
Juan J Villalba ◽  
Jennifer MacAdam ◽  
Raul Guevara
Keyword(s):  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Repeated Measure ◽  
Random Factor ◽  
Nitrogen Emissions ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
Grass Meadow ◽  
Angus Heifers ◽  
Urinary Nitrogen

Abstract Incorporation of legumes into forage systems has been a widely adopted strategy to increase pasture productivity and forage nutritive value, while reducing N inputs. In addition, some legumes contain beneficial chemicals like condensed tannins (CT), which could enhance the efficiency of energy and protein use in ruminants relative to other forages. We assessed (i) animal performance, (ii) methane emissions (SF6 technique), and (iii) concentration of nitrogen in urine and blood in cattle grazing a CT-containing legume (birdsfoot trefoil; BFT), a legume without tannins (cicer milkvetch; CMV), a grass (meadow brome; MB), or in cattle fed a total mixed ration (TMR). Fifteen Angus heifers were randomly assigned to one of three treatment pastures: (1) BFT, (2) CMV, and (3) MB. Each treatment had 5 spatial replications, randomly divided into three paddocks (64 × 57m), seeded with BFT, CMV or MB, and one heifer was assigned to each paddock. Five Angus heifers were randomly assigned to individual adjacent pens and received a TMR ration (25% of alfalfa hay, 25% corn silage and 50% chopped barley) during the same period. Response variables were analyzed as a split-plot design, with experimental units as the random factor and treatment as a fixed factor with day as the repeated measure. Cows grazing BFT (1.9% condensed tannins) or fed the TMR showed greater weight gains than cows grazing CMV or MB (P = 0.0006). Methane emissions did not differ among treatments (P > 0.05; Table 1). Blood urea nitrogen concentrations were similar in cows grazing BFT or CMV (P = 0.1202), but greater than in animals grazing MB or fed TMR (P < .0001). Urinary nitrogen concentrations were similar among treatments (P = 0.5266). These results suggest grazing tanniferous legumes enhanced BW gains with similar methane and urinary nitrogen emissions to grass and confinement alternatives and greater levels of production than grass or CMV.

Effect of feeding dried high-sugar ryegrass (‘AberMagic’) on methane and urinary nitrogen emissions of primiparous cows

2012 ◽  
Vol 150 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 293-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.M. Staerfl ◽  
S.L. Amelchanka ◽  
T. Kälber ◽  
C.R. Soliva ◽  
M. Kreuzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Emissions ◽  
High Sugar ◽  
Effect Of Feeding ◽  
Urinary Nitrogen

scholarly journals In Vitro Screening of Plant Materials to Reduce Ruminal Protozoal Population and Mitigate Ammonia and Methane Emissions

Fermentation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 166
Author(s):  
Pichad Khejornsart ◽  
Anusorn Cherdthong ◽  
Metha Wanapat
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Tropical Plants ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
Tropical Climates

Alternative feed sources can be utilized to reduce enteric methane (CH4) emissions, a major greenhouse gas that contributes to global warming. This study aimed to evaluate the potential use of tropical plants to improve digestibility, reduce protozoal populations, improve rumen fermentation, and minimize methane emissions from ruminants. The plants considered herein grow in tropical climates, are easily accessible in large quantities, and are directly related to human food production. Nine plants that grow naturally in tropical climates were assessed. Plant supplementation substantially enhanced accumulative gas production at 24 h (p < 0.05). The apparent organic matter digestibility (AOMDvt) of the diet was not affected by five of the nine plants. With the addition of the plant material, ammonia nitrogen concentrations were reduced by up to 47% and methane concentrations were reduced by 54%. Five of the nine plant materials reduced methane production in terms of CH4/dry matter and CH4/digestibility of the organic matter by 15–35% and 8–24%, respectively. In conclusion, supplementation with plants with high tannin contents was shown to be a viable strategy for improving rumen fermentation, reducing protozoal populations, and limiting methane emissions. In this regard, the leaves of Piper sarmentosum, Acmella oleracea, Careya arborea, and Anacardium occidentale were especially promising.

scholarly journals Browse potential of bristly locust, smooth sumac, and sericea lespedeza for small ruminants

2019 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 1087-1098 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Acharya ◽  
A. J. Ashworth ◽  
D. M. Burner ◽  
J. M. Burke ◽  
D. H. Pote ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Sericea Lespedeza ◽  
Browse Species ◽  
Foliar Biomass

AbstractTemperate grass and legume yield and quality are markedly reduced during hot, dry summer months in the southern USA; therefore, browse species could add feed options for small ruminants during this season. Our objective was to compare total biomass yield and forage nutritive value of two browse species, leguminous bristly locust (Robinia hispida) and smooth sumac (Rhus glabra), as well as a leguminous shrub known as sericea lespedeza (Lespedeza cuneate), during summer months (June, July, August and September). Plants were sampled monthly during growing-seasons in 2012 and 2013 to determine biomass yield (foliar, shoot, and total above ground) and foliar nutritive value [crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL), and condensed tannins (CT)]. There was a species × harvest time interaction for foliar biomass yield (P = 0.0125). This interaction was likely due to low yield in June for bristly locust compared with sericea lespedeza and smooth sumac, but in all other months (July, August, and September) yields were similar for each species. Bristly locust had the highest CP (16.9%), followed by sericea lespedeza (14.8%), and smooth sumac (12.3%). Acid detergent fiber and ADL were similar between bristly locust (ADF 38.5%; ADL 24.1%) and sericea lespedeza (ADF 38.4%; ADL 23.1%), but was lower for smooth sumac (ADF 22.1%, ADL 6.3%; P < 0.05). Condensed tannins, an anti-nutritive yet anti-parasitic phenolic compounds, were highest in smooth sumac, intermediate in bristly locust, and lowest in sericea lespedeza. Plant foliar percentage (ratio of foliar to shoot mass), was highest in smooth sumac (55.1%), followed by sericea lespedeza (47.7%), and bristly locust (42.6%). Overall, smooth sumac had the highest foliar biomass and lowest ADF and ADL; however, this species had the lowest CP and highest CT. Consequently, average foliar biomass yield of all three browse species in our study far exceeded forage yield from dominant forage species [tall fescue (Schedonorus arundinaceus) and bermudagrass (Cyanodon dactylon)] in this region and may provide high-yielding, low input, anti-parasitic fodder for small ruminants during this period in the Southeastern U.S.

scholarly journals Supplementation of Pelleted Hazel (Corylus avellana) Leaves Decreases Methane and Urinary Nitrogen Emissions by Sheep at Unchanged Forage Intake

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaopu Wang ◽  
Melissa Terranova ◽  
Michael Kreuzer ◽  
Svenja Marquardt ◽  
Lukas Eggerschwiler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corylus Avellana ◽  
Nitrogen Emissions ◽  
Forage Intake ◽  
Urinary Nitrogen

scholarly journals The effect of condensed tannins in Lotus corniculatus upon reproductive efficiency and wool production in sheep during late summer and autumn

1999 ◽  
pp. 51-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.N. Barry ◽  
W.C. Mcnabb ◽  
P.D. Kemp ◽  
G.C. Waghorn ◽  
B.R. Min ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Condensed Tannin ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Lotus Corniculatus ◽  
Ovulation Rate ◽  
Maximum Increase ◽  
Wool Production ◽  
Voluntary Feed Intake ◽  
Wool Growth

(23 g condensed tannins (CT) /kg DM) and perennial ryegrass-white clover pasture (1 g CT/ kg DM) during the late summer/autumn of 1997 (Experiment 1) and 1998 (Experiment 2). Ewes were in thin condition and weighed 54 kg in Experiment 1 and were fat and weighed 60 kg in Experiment 2. Oestrus was synchronised for two cycles in Experiment 1 and four cycles in Experiment 2. Ewes were grazed at maintenance for the first 10 days of each oestrus cycle and then ad libitum for the last 6 days, including ovulation. Half the ewes grazing L. corniculatus were drenched twice daily with polyethylene glycol (PEG), to inactivate the condensed tannins. Relative to ewes grazing pasture, grazing ewes on L. corniculatus increased both ovulation rate (OR) and wool production, with the response in OR being greater in Experiment 1 (34%) than in Experiment 2 (13%). Maximum increase in OR occurred after grazing lotus for two cycles (5 weeks). Increases in fecundity were caused by a reduction in the proportion of ewes exhibiting single ovulation and increases in the proportions having doubled and triple or quadruple ovulations. As judged by responses to PEG supplementation, part of the L. corniculatus response in OR could be explained by action of CT in Experiment 1 but not in Experiment 2. As voluntary feed intake was similar between the treatments, feeding L. corniculatus improved the efficiency with which ingested nutrients were used for reproduction and wool growth. It was concluded that grazing L. corniculatus during autumn has most potential for increasing OR in lighter ewes. Keywords: condensed tannin, forage, Lotus corniculatus, nutritive value, ovulation rate, wool growth Abbreviations

176 EXPRESSION OF INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR FAMILY MEMBERS AND GROWTH DIFFERENTIATION FACTOR 9 ON NELORE AND ANGUS HEIFERS WITH A LOW AND HIGH OVARIAN FOLLICLE COUNT

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 237
Author(s):  
M. G. Favoreto ◽  
J. S. Ticianelli ◽  
B. Loureiro ◽  
R. L. Ereno ◽  
A. G. Pupulim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Ovarian Follicle ◽  
Fold Change ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Repeated Measure ◽  
Differentiation Factor ◽  
Follicle Diameter ◽  
Growth Differentiation Factor 9 ◽  
Angus Heifers

Members of the IGF family are key intra-ovarian regulators of follicle growth, selection, and atresia. Growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) induces follicular somatic cells to undergo mitosis and differentiation during follicular development. Cattle from Bos indicus breeds are slower to reach sexual maturity and have longer calving intervals when compared with Bos taurus breeds (Luna-Nevarez et al. 2011). On the other hand, indicine cattle have greater number of ovarian follicles recruited per oestrous cycle when compared with taurine breeds (Alvarez et al. 2000). Our objective was to evaluate the expression of IGF1, IGFR1, IGF2, and GDF9 genes in follicles dissected from Nelore and Angus heifers with high (HFC) and low (LFC) follicle counts. Eighteen Nelore heifers and 22 Angus heifers (≈24 months old) were kept on Brachiaria brizantha grass and fed with a mix of grains with minerals and water ad libitum. Oestrous cycle was synchronized with 2 doses of PGF2α 11 days apart. Heifers were scanned with an ultrasound device (US; Mindray Vet DPS 2200, São Paulo, Brazil) with a 7.5-MHz probe 1 day after ovulation for 3 consecutive oestrous cycles. Animals were slaughtered ≈24 h after ovulation of the third cycle; 3 follicles from 2 to 4 mm in diameter were dissected from the ovary contralateral to the CL. Total RNA was extracted using the RNeasy Microarray Tissue Mini Kit (Qiagen, Valencia, CA, USA). Gene expression was evaluated using oligo-dT reverse transcription, Sybr Green Master Mix and Step One Plus (AB, Foster City, CA, USA) Real-Time PCR Detection System. Samples were analysed in duplicates and CT values were normalized to the housekeeping gene PPIA using the ΔCT method. Results were analysed using the PROC MIXED procedure of SAS with follicle as the repeated measure and cow as the subject. Individual differences were analysed using contrast (SAS 9.2). The effects of group (LFC × HFC), breed, and follicle diameter on mNRA abundance were tested. Follicle LSmean was higher (P < 0.05) in Nelore heifers (32 ± 3.1; LFC = 18; HFC = 52) when compared with Angus heifers (20 ± 2.6; LFC = 10; HFC = 27). Follicle diameter did not differ between breeds or groups. Expression of IGF1 and GDF9 was not different between follicles from Nelore and Angus heifers or between groups. Expression of IGFR1 was higher in follicles from Angus heifers (fold change 1.74; P < 0.04) when compared with follicles derived from Nelore heifers but not different between HFC and LFC groups within each breed. Expression of IGF2 mRNA was also higher (fold change 1.70; P < 0.04) in Angus heifers but not different between HFC and LFC groups within each breed. In conclusion, the higher expression of IGFR1 and IGF2 in Angus early antral follicles might be involved in important reproductive traits commonly observed in Bos taurus breeds. However, expression of IGF1, IGFR1, IGF2, and GDF9 in the follicle are not involved in the mechanisms determining different number of follicle recruited through the oestrous cycle in the same breed. This research and scholarship for Loureiro, Ereno, Favoureto, and Pupulim was from FAPESP.

The utilisation of a commercial polyethylene glycol preparation to ameliorate the influence of tannins on rumen environment

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 131-131
Author(s):  
M.B. Salawu ◽  
T. Acamovic ◽  
C.S. Stewart ◽  
F.D. DeB. Hovell
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Microbial Activities ◽  
Commercial Preparation ◽  
Commercial Farms

Quebracho (Loxopterygium loetzil) tannins (QT) are condensed tannins that reduce the digestibilities of nutrients in ruminants (Robbins, et al, 1991), probably by forming complexes with the dietary protein and carbohydrates and reducing microbial activities (Makkar, et al, 1988). Browse Plus (BP), a commercial preparation of polyethylene glycol (PEG) has recently been used to improve the nutritive value of tannin-containing browses. Trials on commercial farms in Zimbabwe have demonstrated that BP improved the nutritional performance of cattle fed high tannin diets (Anon., 1995). Some in vitro work tend to support these findings (Acamovic, et al, 1995). An experiment to study the effectiveness of BP in ameliorating the effects of QT on the rumen environment was conducted.

Palatability to sheep of the Eragrostis curvula complex. 4. Dry matter production, feed value and persistence of a range of taxa

1989 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 533 ◽  
Author(s):  
WH Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Wagga Wagga ◽  
Eragrostis Curvula ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
Feed Value ◽  
Nitrogen Contents

Productivity, nutritive value and persistence of a range of taxa of Eragrostis curvula complex were evaluated in experiments at Wagga Wagga, Temora, Condobolin and Orange, N.S.W. No relationships were found between previously determined palatability ranks and nitrogen (N) content, acid detergent fibre, digestible dry matter (DDM) or metabolisable energy. The nutritive value of stem was lower than leaf; however, if stem is well grazed this is unlikely to affect animal performance. Mean digestible dry matter and nitrogen contents of the E. curvula accessions were similar in the Wagga Wagga (a total of 8 determinations) and Orange (4 determinations) experiments (overall means, DDM = 57.48% and N = 1.65%), but digestibility was depressed in summer by 3.38 units (54.85 v. 58.23% in autumn) for leaf and 2.3 units (53.98 v. 56. 28%) for stem in the Orange experiment, and 4.68 units (56.43 v, 61.11% in spring) for leaf and 8.35 units (49.96 v. 58.31%) for stem in the Wagga Wagga Naturalised Accessions trial. In practice, this would be offset by increasing availability of palatable forage. Except for 1 occasion with stem, the nitrogen concentrations of the herbage (leaf N 2.02-1.45%, stem N 0.79-1.95%) were sufficient not to limit intake. Differences in persistence and dry matter yield indicated that, of the palatable lines, accession 4663 was better adapted to drier situations than 4650, and that accession 4660 was intermediate between the two. It is concluded that the palatable accessions were potentially useful pasture plants for south-eastern Australia.

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