Effect of condensed tannins in Lotus corniculatus on the nutritive value of pasture for sheep

1997 ◽  
Vol 128 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. C. WAGHORN ◽  
I. D. SHELTON
Keyword(s):  
Soluble Protein ◽  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Lotus Corniculatus ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Wool Growth

The extent to which condensed tannins (CT) in Lotus corniculatus were able to affect protein degradation and the nutritive value of pasture were evaluated at Palmerston North, New Zealand in 1992 in an indoor feeding trial with sheep and using in vitro incubations. The feeding trial involved three groups of seven young wether sheep held indoors in metabolism crates for the 32-day experimental period with one group fed freshly cut ryegrass/clover pasture (Pasture group) whilst the other two groups received a mixture of c. 37% freshly cut Lotus corniculatus and 63% pasture (dry matter (DM) basis). One of the latter groups was given twice daily oral drenches of polyethylene glycol (PEG) to bind with and remove the effects of the CT (PEG group) whilst the remaining sheep (Tannin group) were not drenched. Intakes of sheep given the mixed diets were constrained to that of the pasture group. The CT concentration in the lotus was 26·1 g/kg DM so that the mixed diets contained c. 10g CT/kg DM. Effects of CT on digestion and sheep performance were minimal. Apparent digestibility of N was lower in the Tannin group (76·4%) than PEG (79·8%) or Pasture (79·4%) sheep (P<0·001), but there were no differences in DM digestibility (75%) or wool growth from mid-side patches. Rumen ammonia and soluble protein concentrations appeared to be similar in PEG and Tannin sheep and volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations were similar in all groups (100 mmol/l).For incubations in vitro, several ratios of Lotus corniculatus: pasture were used to determine the effects of CT on precipitation of soluble proteins and the net yield of ammonia and gas with and without PEG. Homogenates of Lotus corniculatus leaves and pasture showed that 50% of soluble protein was precipitated by 1·3% CT in homogenate DM and there was a substantial decrease in in vitro degradation to ammonia when lotus leaf accounted for 33% or more of DM with pasture. This work emphasises the need for caution when extrapolating from in vitro to the in vivo situation and suggests that 1% CT from Lotus corniculatus may be insufficient to affect the nutritive value of fresh forages for sheep.

Formaldehyde as a silage additive. II. The chemical composition and nutritive value of lucerne hay, lucerne silage, and formaldehyde and formic acid-treated lucerne silages

1973 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 939 ◽  
Author(s):  
SC Valentine ◽  
DC Brown
Keyword(s):  
Formic Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Similar Degree ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Wool Production ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Ad Libitum Intake

Formaldehyde-treated silage, formic acid-treated silage, formaldehyde-formic acid-treated silage, untreated silage, and lucerne hay were made from a lucerne sward and offered to Merino wethers. The formaldehyde was applied at a rate of 0.9 % of the weight of the dry matter and formic acid at 0.5 % of the fresh weight of the lucerne. Formaldehyde-treated silage and formaldehyde-formic acid-treated silage had significantly lower concentrations of ammonia nitrogen and total and individual organic acids than untreated silage. Formic acid-treated silage had a similar degree of fermentation to untreated silage, but more acetic acid and less lactic acid were produced than in untreated silage. However, when formic acid was applied in combination with formaldehyde, the ensiling fermentation was inhibited more than when formaldehyde was applied alone. There was some apparent protection of protein by the formaldehyde treatment. Treatment with formic acid significantly increased the in vivo digestibility of both nitrogen and dry matter, but did not increase ad libitum intake or wool growth by sheep offered this silage. Compared to untreated silage, treatment with formaldehyde significantly reduced the in vivo digestibility of nitrogen, produced a non-significant increase in intake, and significantly increased wool growth. The treatment of lucerne with both formaldehyde and formic acid significantly increased in vivo digestibility of dry matter, ad libitum intake, and wool growth compared with untreated silage. The treatment of lucerne with a mixture of formaldehyde (0.9% of the dry matter) and formic acid (0.5% of the fresh weight) was a suitable method of controlling the ensiling fermentation in order to increase the ad libitum intake of lucerne silage by sheep and their subsequent wool production. However, the intake and wool production of sheep offered such silage was still significantly less than that of sheep offered lucerne hay.

scholarly journals The effect of condensed tannins in Lotus corniculatus upon reproductive efficiency and wool production in sheep during late summer and autumn

1999 ◽  
pp. 51-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.N. Barry ◽  
W.C. Mcnabb ◽  
P.D. Kemp ◽  
G.C. Waghorn ◽  
B.R. Min ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Condensed Tannin ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Lotus Corniculatus ◽  
Ovulation Rate ◽  
Maximum Increase ◽  
Wool Production ◽  
Voluntary Feed Intake ◽  
Wool Growth

(23 g condensed tannins (CT) /kg DM) and perennial ryegrass-white clover pasture (1 g CT/ kg DM) during the late summer/autumn of 1997 (Experiment 1) and 1998 (Experiment 2). Ewes were in thin condition and weighed 54 kg in Experiment 1 and were fat and weighed 60 kg in Experiment 2. Oestrus was synchronised for two cycles in Experiment 1 and four cycles in Experiment 2. Ewes were grazed at maintenance for the first 10 days of each oestrus cycle and then ad libitum for the last 6 days, including ovulation. Half the ewes grazing L. corniculatus were drenched twice daily with polyethylene glycol (PEG), to inactivate the condensed tannins. Relative to ewes grazing pasture, grazing ewes on L. corniculatus increased both ovulation rate (OR) and wool production, with the response in OR being greater in Experiment 1 (34%) than in Experiment 2 (13%). Maximum increase in OR occurred after grazing lotus for two cycles (5 weeks). Increases in fecundity were caused by a reduction in the proportion of ewes exhibiting single ovulation and increases in the proportions having doubled and triple or quadruple ovulations. As judged by responses to PEG supplementation, part of the L. corniculatus response in OR could be explained by action of CT in Experiment 1 but not in Experiment 2. As voluntary feed intake was similar between the treatments, feeding L. corniculatus improved the efficiency with which ingested nutrients were used for reproduction and wool growth. It was concluded that grazing L. corniculatus during autumn has most potential for increasing OR in lighter ewes. Keywords: condensed tannin, forage, Lotus corniculatus, nutritive value, ovulation rate, wool growth Abbreviations

Degradation Characteristics of Wheat, Barley and Oats Straws Untreated and Treated with Ammonia in an Oven

1988 ◽  
Vol 1988 ◽  
pp. 85-85
Author(s):  
Jeannie M Everington ◽  
D I Givens
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Good Prediction ◽  
Ammonia Treatment ◽  
Oven Method ◽  
Metabolisable Energy

Compared with stack treatment the literature contains little information on the nutritive value of cereal straws treated with ammonia in “ovens” at elevated temperature. Recently,Mason et al (1987) and Givens et al (1987) have studied in vitro and in vivo respectively the effect on chemical composition, digestibility and energy value of treating barley, wheat and oat straws with ammonia by the oven method. Substantial changes in chemical composition and nutritive value were found as a result of treatment.Reid and Ørskov (1987) have suggested that the dry matter (DM) degradation characteristics of straw as measured by the nylon bag technique provide a good prediction of its nutritive value. The aims of the experiment reported here were therefore to examine using the straws of Mason et al (1987), the effect of oven ammonia treatment on the DM degradation characteristics and to assess whether these parameters could be used to predict the metabolisable energy (ME) content of the straws.

Palatability,in situandin vitronutritive value of dried sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia)

2010 ◽  
Vol 148 (6) ◽  
pp. 723-733 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. KHALILVANDI-BEHROOZYAR ◽  
M. DEHGHAN-BANADAKY ◽  
K. REZAYAZDI
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre

SUMMARYThe current study was conducted to determine chemical composition, nutrient content and availability, metabolizable energy (ME) content and nutritive value of sainfoin hay for ruminants. Three ruminally cannulated Holstein cows were used forin situandin vivoexperiments, to determine rumen degradability and digestibility of sainfoin hay. Apparent total tract digestibility of nutrients was determined with feeding of sainfoin hay as the sole diet to achieve 10% more than maintenance energy requirements. Six Zandi ewes were used in the palatability experiment. Means for dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF) and condensed tannins (CTs) of sainfoin hay were: 940·4 g/kg and 93·43, 12·13, 47·87, 43·33 and 2·13 g/kg DM, respectively.In situeffective degradability of CP and DM were 0·38 and 0·54 g/g with a ruminal outflow rate of 0·05/h, respectively. OM apparent digestibility was in the range of 0·592–0·689, respectively, for Tilley & Terry and total faecal collection assays. ME content of sainfoin hay, according to different methods (gas production,in vitroandin vivodetermined digestible organic matter in dry matter (DOMD)) was in the range 6·87–10·11 MJ/kg DM. Metabolizable protein (MP) content was 483·4 g/kg CP. Sainfoin was more palatable than alfalfa for sheep. It was concluded that sainfoin has a potential use in ruminant rations, especially if environmental conditions are not suitable for alfalfa production.

scholarly journals  Nutritive value of red clover and lucerne forages for ruminants estimated by in vitro and in vivo digestibility methods

2012 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 454-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Homolka ◽  
V. Koukolová ◽  
M. Podsedníček ◽  
A. Hlaváčková
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Model Expression

The aim of this study was to determine the nutrient and energy levels of red clover and lucerne forage. Investigation of forage at different maturity stages of three growths was carried out by chemical analysis, in vitro and in vivo digestibility methods.&nbsp; Generally, maturation caused a significant increase in fibre fractions. With the increasing maturity of forage samples the in vivo, in vitro, and calculated in vivo (in vivo<sub>calcul</sub>) digestibilities of organic matter (OM) linearly decreased. The in vitro and in vivo<sub>calcul</sub> digestibilities of OM averaged 0.754 and 0.708 for red clover and 0.717 and 0.667 for lucerne, respectively. The in vivo OM digestibility averaged 0.710 for red clover and 0.666 for lucerne. Gross energy (GE), digestible energy (DE), metabolizable energy (ME), net energy for lactation (NEL), and net energy for growth (NEG) averaged 18.12, 12.41, 9.60, 5.67, 5.50 and 18.09, 11.56, 9.01, 5.26, 4.99 MJ/kg of dry matter for red clover and lucerne, respectively. The effect of a vegetative stage on energy values of both forages was diverged for various growth times. When data were pooled across the estimated season, seven cutting-specific equations for descriptions of GE, DE, ME, NEL, NEG, in vitro, and in vivo OM digestibilities were obtained for red clover and lucerne, separately. The red clover model expression gave similar prediction equations for lucerne. It was possible to predict cutting-specific equations with coefficients of determination R<sup>2</sup> &gt; 0.719 for red clover and R<sup>2</sup> &gt; 0.400 for lucerne of the variation in GE, DE, ME, NEL, and NEG. The in vitro and in vivo OM digestibility equations were predicted with R<sup>2 </sup>being 0.840 (in vitro) and 0.707 (in vivo) for red clover, and 0.979 (in vitro) and 0.937 (in vivo) for lucerne. The parameters of these specific equations were statistically preferable than the general model expression which included both forages together. &nbsp;

scholarly journals Sheep production and agronomic performance of Lotus corniculatus under dryland farming

2003 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 109-115
Author(s):  
T.N. Barry ◽  
P.D. Kemp ◽  
C.A. Ramirez-Restrepo ◽  
N. Lopezvillalobos
Keyword(s):  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Lotus Corniculatus ◽  
Body Growth ◽  
Sheep Grazing ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Wool Production ◽  
Dryland Farming ◽  
Wool Growth

Lotus corniculatus (lotus) contains condensed tannins (CT; 25-35 g/kg DM), which reduce the microbial degradation of forage protein in the rumen and increase amino acid absorption from the small intestine. In grazing experiments at Palmerston North during the 1990s, sheep grazing L. corniculatus had superior wool production, body growth and ovulation rates (OR) relative to sheep grazing lucerne (Medicago sativa) or perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne)/white clover (Tritolium repens) pasture. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) drenching studies showed that action of CT was responsible for a component of the increases in wool growth and OR, but not body growth, and increased milk yield in lactating ewes. The 'Massey lotus' programme moved in 2000 to Riverside farm in the Wairarapa, where L. corniculatus is more agronomically suited, and its integration into dryland farming systems is being studied. We aim to develop systems that increase animal productivity whilst also reducing chemical input, notably of anthelmintic drenches. In two experiments conducted over 12 weeks in spring, ewes and lambs grazing L. corniculatus without pre-lamb drenching had lower faecal egg counts (FEC) and lower dag scores than ewes and lambs grazing pasture. Also, liveweight gain (+44%), weaning weight (+26%) and wool production (+32%) were greater for lambs grazing lotus. Weaned lambs grazing L. corniculatus over 14 weeks in summer grew faster than those grazing pasture (298 cf. 201 g/day) when regularly drenched. Reduction of anthelmintic drenching reduced the growth rates of lambs grazing L. corniculatus, but at 228 g/day this was still much faster than those grazing pasture (187 g/day). Lambs grazing L. corniculatus with restricted anthelmintic grew slightly faster than regularly drenched lambs grazing pasture. In addition, ewes mated on L. corniculatus had greater ovulation rates, lambing % and weaning % (approximately 25%) than ewes mated on pasture. Lamb weaning weight was unaffected by the ewes grazing L. corniculatus during mating, but mortality rate during the period from birth to weaning was lower for lambs that were conceived when their dams were grazing lotus. Annual (dry matter) production under grazing averaged over two years (2000-2001), was 9.5 t/ha for L. corniculatus and 8.6 t/ha for pasture. The percentages of annual production that occurred in spring, summer, autumn and winter were 49, 40, 8 and 4%, respectively, for L. corniculatus and 55, 30, 9 and 6%, respectively, for pasture. L. corniculatus has potential as a specialist feed in dryland farming systems for use during mating to increase subsequent lambing percentage and to increase lamb growth while reducing anthelmintic use. The result is more lambs being drafted at an earlier age. Key words: agronomy, body growth, condensed tannins, dry matter yield, Lotus corniculatus, reproduction, sheep, withdrawing anthelmintic, wool growth

Nutritive evaluation of two strains of mature subterranean clover

1968 ◽  
Vol 8 (32) ◽  
pp. 295 ◽  
Author(s):  
ID Hume ◽  
M Somers ◽  
NR McKeown
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Biological Significance ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Main Component ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between the in vivo and in vitro digestibility of leguminous herbage was examined. Further studies were made using in vivo-in vitro digestibility estimations to compare the nutritive value to sheep of two strains (Yarloop and Woogenellup) of subterranean clover. The digestibilities of the main component parts (viz. stem, petiole, leaf, and burr) of the plants of each strain were also estimated in vitro. Digestibility differences between strains and between parts were examined on the basis of the chemical composition of their dry matter. Woogenellup was significantly more digestible than Yarloop, both in vivo and in vitro. Voluntary intake of Woogenellup was also significantly greater than that of Yarloop. The in vitro digestibility of stem did not differ significantly from that of petiole. Nor did the digestibility of leaf differ significantly from that of burr. However, the digestibility of stem and petiole together was greater than that of leaf and burr together. These findings are discussed in relation to their possible biological significance.

Effect of sainfoin on in vitro digestion of fresh alfalfa and bloat in steers

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. R. McMahon ◽  
W. Majak ◽  
T. A. McAllister ◽  
J. W. Hall ◽  
G. A. Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
In Vitro Digestion ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Onobrychis Viciifolia ◽  
Ad Libitum

The effects of sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia) on digestion of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) were investigated in vitro and in vivo. Fresh alfalfa and sainfoin were incubated in an artificial rumen (Rusitec) in ratios of 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 and 0:100 (as-fed). Disappearances of dry matter and N from sainfoin were 77 and 65% of those from alfalfa, respectively. Protease and endoglucanase activities, NH3-N and methane production declined (P < 0.05) as sainfoin increased. Bacterial numbers and microbial outputs were unchanged (P > 0.05), but cells incorporated more 15NH3N as sainfoin in the diet increased. Chopped leaves (100:0, 95:5 and 90:10 alfalfa:sainfoin) were incubated for 48 h with diluted ruminal fluid containing 0 or 50 mg polyethylene glycol, which binds tannins. Gas and volatile fatty acid productions were similar (P > 0.05) across treatments, but including 10% sainfoin (without polyethylene glycol) reduced (P < 0.05) NH3 concentrations between 8 and 24 h. Sainfoin tannins reduced degradation of forage protein without affecting the digestibility of the nonprotein fraction. Alfalfa herbage was fed alone or with early- to full-bloom sainfoin herbage (at 10 or 20% of ad libitum alfalfa dry matter intake) or with sainfoin hay or pellets, to eight Jersey steers in crossover trials conducted over 4 yr. Including sainfoin in the diet reduced (P < 0.001) the incidence of bloat by 45 to 93% in 3 of 4 yr, irrespective of the form in which it was supplied. Co-feeding sainfoin can markedly reduce the incidence of bloat in ruminants consuming fresh alfalfa. Key words: Alfalfa, sainfoin, bloat, condensed tannins

Selecting for nutritive value in Digitaria milanjiana. 2. Intake and digestibility of divergently selected full-sibs compared with Digitaria decumbens

1986 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 551 ◽  
Author(s):  
DJ Minson ◽  
JB Hacker
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Digitaria Decumbens ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Significant Comparison ◽  
Metabolisable Energy ◽  
Better Than

We compare the voluntary intake and digestibility of 6 genotypes selected from 3 F1 families of Digitaria milanjiana for high or low leaf digestibility, and D. decumbens (pangola grass). Swards were harvested on 6 occasions (4 by 4-week regrowths, 1 by 10-week and 1 by 14-week regrowth) and fed to sheep in metabolism cages. Averaged over families and regrowths, high digestibility selections were significantly superior to low digestibility selections in digestibility, voluntary dry matter intake and intake of metabolisable energy. There was a large range in leafiness of the genotypes. Correlations between leafiness and in vivo digestibility, dry matter (DM) intake and intake of metabolisable energy were positive and statistically significant. Comparison of full-sibs at the same percentage stem (80 and 100%) suggested a higher DM intake, digestibility and intake of metabolisable energy of stem from genotypes selected for high leaf digestibility. Averaged over harvests, none of the selected genotypes was significantly superior to pangola grass in digestibility but all were superior in DM intake and 5 in intake of metabolisable energy. The best selected genotype was 35% better than pangola grass in terms of intake of metabolisable energy. Differences in in vitro digestibility of young leaves from vegetative tillers of full sibs, the characteristic on which the genotypes had been selected, were maintained under sward conditions, although differences were reduced.

Chemical processing of wheat straw and cotton by-products for fattening cattle 3. Performance of animals receiving material in complete feeds

1980 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Levy ◽  
Z. Holzer ◽  
Y. Folman
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Cotton Stalks ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide Treatment

ABSTRACTThe fibrous roughages, wheat straw (WS) and cotton stalks (CS), were left untreated or treated with 30 g sodium hydroxide per kg, and residual alkali was either neutralized with sulphuric acid or left unneutralized. All roughages were pelleted and used either in complete feeds or separately. The effects of these treatments on the nutritive value of the roughages were examined in digestibility trials in vitro and in vivo, and in a 7·month feeding trial of a factorial arrangement of 2 × 3 × 2, in which the roughages constituted 350 g/kg of the diets. Approximately 150 g/kg of the neutral-detergent fibre (cell wall) constituents of both roughages was solubilized by sodium hydroxide treatment, while the changes in acid-detergent fibre components (cellulose and lignin) were much smaller, although evident.In vitro-dry matter digestibility of wheat straw was 22 % higher than that of cotton stalks, and its increase due to NaOH treatment was 50% and 30% for wheat straw and cotton stalks, respectively. In vivo digestibility of organic matter of wheat straw was increased from 0·47 to 0·59, and that of cotton stalks from 032 to 037. The increase was evident in all components except protein, in which digestibility was reduced. The increase in the metabolizable energy values of wheat straw from 6·86 to 7·45MJ/kg dry matter and that of cotton stalks from 4·77 to 5·10MJ/kg dry matter following sodium hydroxide treatment was not reflected in daily live-weight or carcass-weight gain in the feeding trial. The animals offered NaOH-treated roughages had significantly more fat trim, and more fat in the large depots. Including roughages in complete feeds revealed no advantage in metabolizable energy conversion into live weight.

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