Swing Time: Assessing Causes for Shifts in Congressional Elections

1984 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 222-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald B. Rapoport
Keyword(s):  
Congressional Elections ◽  
Voting Behaviour ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Electoral Change ◽  
Long Term Trends ◽  
Election Results ◽  
Voter Decision Making ◽  
Sectional Analysis

Most research on voting behaviour and elections has focused on cross-sectional analysis of particular elections. This technique is very useful in telling us about the influences on individual voter decision making. Less commonly research has focused on short-term electoral change, and has tried to explain specific election results with respect to one another, or in relation to long-term trends.

The Effect of Deregulation on Employee Earnings: Pilots, Flight Attendants, and Mechanics, 1959–1992

ILR Review ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre-Yves Crémieux
Keyword(s):  
Flight Attendants ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Airline Deregulation ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Long Term Trends ◽  
Sectional Analysis

Previous studies of the effect of the 1978 Airline Deregulation Act on employee earnings have reported mixed results: some have found no negative long-run effect of deregulation and others have found a negative effect of up to 10%. Most of these studies relied on cross-sectional analysis of a few years' data. This paper, in contrast, examines the long-term trends in airline earnings, based on 34 years of newly collected firm-level data from the Department of Transportation's Form 41 and airline workers' unions. The author finds that although deregulation had no statistically significant effect on the earnings of mechanics, it strongly affected the earnings of flight attendants and pilots. Flight attendants' earnings were at least 12% lower by 1985 and 39% lower by 1992 than they would have been if deregulation had not occurred, and the corresponding shortfalls for pilots were 12% and 22%.

Nationalization and Partisan Realignment in Congressional Elections

1987 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 1235-1250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadafumi Kawato
Keyword(s):  
Variance Components ◽  
Congressional Elections ◽  
Congressional Vote ◽  
Electoral Change ◽  
Partisan Realignment ◽  
Long Term Trends ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The U.S

The relationship between nationalization of the U.S. electorate and partisan realignment is explored. Concepts and measurement of nationalization are examined, as well as definitions of electoral change. The British concept of swing is utilized as an appropriate measure of electoral change. Examination of long-term trends in the variances of the congressional vote and swing from 1842 to 1980 shows they are related to the electoral dynamics of realignment. Analysis utilizing a variance-components model shows there has never been a nationalization in terms of configuration of the electorate. But nationalization in the movement of the electorate has taken place cyclically, corresponding to the partisan realignments of the 1890s and the 1930s, rather than monotonically, as suggested by previous research.

scholarly journals Dairy Product Intake and Long-Term Risk for Frailty among French Elderly Community Dwellers

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 2151
Author(s):  
Berna Rahi ◽  
Hermine Pellay ◽  
Virginie Chuy ◽  
Catherine Helmer ◽  
Cecilia Samieri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Dairy Product ◽  
Food Group ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Physical Frailty ◽  
Frailty Phenotype ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Dairy products (DP) are part of a food group that may contribute to the prevention of physical frailty. We aimed to investigate DP exposure, including total DP, milk, fresh DP and cheese, and their cross-sectional and prospective associations with physical frailty in community-dwelling older adults. The cross-sectional analysis was carried out on 1490 participants from the Three-City Bordeaux cohort. The 10-year frailty risk was examined in 823 initially non-frail participants. A food frequency questionnaire was used to assess DP exposure. Physical frailty was defined as the presence of at least 3 out of 5 criteria of the frailty phenotype: weight loss, exhaustion, slowness, weakness, and low physical activity. Among others, diet quality and protein intake were considered as confounders. The baseline mean age of participants was 74.1 y and 61% were females. Frailty prevalence and incidence were 4.2% and 18.2%, respectively. No significant associations were observed between consumption of total DP or DP sub-types and frailty prevalence or incidence (OR = 1.40, 95%CI 0.65–3.01 and OR = 1.75, 95%CI 0.42–1.32, for a total DP consumption >4 times/d, respectively). Despite the absence of beneficial associations of higher DP consumption on frailty, older adults are encouraged to follow the national recommendations regarding DP.

Determinants of Anthropometric Failure Among Tribal Children Younger than 5 Years of Age in Palghar, Maharashtra, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-64
Author(s):  
Angeline Jeyakumar ◽  
Swapnil Godbharle ◽  
Bibek Raj Giri
Keyword(s):  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Composite Index ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Crude Odds Ratio ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Child Undernutrition

Background: Measuring undernutrition using composite index of anthropometric failure (CIAF) and identifying its determinants in tribal regions is essential to recognize the true burden of undernutrition in these settings. Objective: To determine anthropometric failure and its determinants among tribal children younger than 5 years in Palghar, Maharashtra, India. Methods: A cross-sectional survey employing CIAF was performed in children <5 years to estimate undernutrition in the tribal district of Palghar in Maharashtra, India. Anthropometric measurements, maternal and child characteristics were recorded from 577 mother–child pairs in 9 villages. Results: As per Z score, prevalence of stunting, wasting, and underweight were 48%, 13%, and 43%, respectively. According to CIAF, 66% of children had at least one manifestation of undernutrition and 40% had more than one manifestation of undernutrition. Odds of anthropometric failure were 1.5 times higher among children of mothers who were illiterate (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] =1.57, 95% CI: 1.0-2.3), children who had birth weight >2.5 kg had lesser odds (AOR: 0.63, 95% CI: 0.4-0.9) of anthropometric failure, and children who had initiated early breastfeeding had 1.5 times higher odds of anthropometric failure (crude odds ratio: 1.5, 95% CI: 1.0-2.1). However, when adjusted for other independent variables, the results were not significant. Conclusion: The alarming proportion of anthropometric failure among tribal children calls for urgent short-term interventions to correct undernutrition and long-term interventions to improve maternal literacy and awareness to prevent and manage child undernutrition.

Isothermal Oxidation Behavior of Ru Modified Aluminide Coating on a Fourth Generation Single Crystal Superalloy

2006 ◽  
Vol 512 ◽  
pp. 111-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuki Matsuoka ◽  
Kazuyoshi Chikugo ◽  
Takakazu Suzuki ◽  
Yasuo Matsunaga ◽  
Shigeji Taniguchi
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transformation ◽  
Oxidation Behavior ◽  
Coating Layer ◽  
Aluminide Coating ◽  
Isothermal Oxidation ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Local Oxidation ◽  
Sectional Analysis

Ru coating prior to aluminizing is one of the effective methods to reduce the harmful intermediate layer that forms under the coating (SRZ) on a 4th generation Ni-base SC superalloy. This study examined the short-term isothermal oxidation behavior of this Ru-modified coating at 1373 K in air. Surface observation by SEM showed that the scale becomes flat and uniform in comparison to simple aluminide coating. XRD and cross-sectional analysis results also showed that phase transformation from β-NiAl to γ’-Ni3Al seldom occurs in the Ru-modified coating layer leading to the prevention of local oxidation.

scholarly journals Association Between Past Oral Contraceptive Use and the Prevalence of Hypertension in Postmenopausal Women: The Fifth (2010–2012) Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES V)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
JungJu Lee ◽  
Hyunsuk Jeong ◽  
Joo Hee Yoon ◽  
Hyeon Woo Yim
Keyword(s):  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
National Health ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Confounding Factors ◽  
Nutrition Examination Survey ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health And Nutrition

Abstract Background: There is little evidence as to whether the use of oral contraceptives(OC) during the fertile years affects the development of postmenopausal hypertension. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of past use of OC on the development of hypertension in postmenopausal women. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted using data from the Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey of postmenopausal women. Subjects were classified into three groups based on past OC use duration: nonusers, short-term users(0–30months), and long-term users(≥30 months). We evaluated the development of hypertension in women after menopause. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to identify the association between the use of OC during the fertile years and the prevalence of hypertension after menopause following adjustment for potential confounding factors. Results: Of the 3,386 postmenopausal women, 2,713 were nonusers of OC, 489 were short-term users, and 184 were long-term users. Women who had used OC for 30 months or more had a significantly greater prevalence of hypertension after menopause than those who had never taken OC. The association between taking OC for 30 months or more during the fertile years and the prevalence of hypertension after menopause was significant following adjustment for potential confounding factors (aOR:1.92; 95%CI:1.22–3.00). Conclusion: This study identified an association between past OC use and an increased prevalence of hypertension in postmenopausal women. Our results suggest that long-term use of OC during the fertile years can be an important risk factor for subsequent hypertension after menopause.

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