Ecological studies of ixodid ticks (Acari, Ixodidae) in Zambia. I. Cattle as hosts of the larvae of Amblyomma variegatum (F.) and Rhipicephalus appendiculatus neum.

1976 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
John MacLeod ◽  
M. H. Colbo
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Method ◽  
Rhipicephalus Appendiculatus ◽  
Amblyomma Variegatum ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ixodid Ticks ◽  
Significant Shift ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Ecological Studies ◽  
Alternative Hosts ◽  
Patch Sampling

AbstractThe roles of cattle and alternative hosts in maintaining the immature stages of Amblyomma variegatum (F.) and Rhipicephalus appendiculatus Neum. are unknown. Weekly collections of ticks from cattle in two herds in Zambia indicated an apparently higher nymph-adult ratio in the annual totals for A. variegatum than for R. appendiculatus. The larva-nymph ratios for these herds were estimated by a patch-sampling method in which all larvae and nymphs on 100 cm2 areas on the cheek, neck, dewlap, shoulder, ribs, abdomen and lower-foreleg were collected. The overall annual ratios of larvae to nymphs on the two herds were: A. variegatum 5:1 and 14:1, R. appendiculatus 1·5:1 in both herds. The ratios suggest that cattle themselves feed larvae of A. variegatum in sufficient numbers to maintain their nymphal infestation level. The numbers of cattle-fed larvae of R. appendiculatus may not be adequate for this, and alternative hosts may play an important part in maintaining the population at existing levels. There was negligible evidence of significant shift of distribution of the immature stages over the body with advancing season, and it is suggested that patch-sampling affords a method of quantitative comparison of the relative infestations by the immature stages of ticks.

Ecological studies of ixodid ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) in Zambia. III. Seasonal activity and attachment sites on cattle, with notes on other hosts

1977 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. MacLeod ◽  
M. H. Colbo ◽  
M. H. Madbouly ◽  
B. Mwanaumo
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Rhipicephalus Appendiculatus ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ixodid Ticks ◽  
Seasonal Activity ◽  
Ecological Studies ◽  
Boophilus Decoloratus ◽  
Attachment Sites ◽  
Cattle Herds ◽  
Activity Season

AbstractThe seasonal activity of the adults of 13 tick species was studied on cattle herds in the Central Province of Zambia from 1969 to 1972. The six main species, Boophilus decoloratus (Koch), Hyalomma marginatum rufipes Koch, H. truncatum Koch, Amblyomma variegatum (F.), Rhipicephalus appendiculatus Neum., and R. evertsi Neum. behaved as previously described for the Southern Province. R. compositus Neum. appeared from August, with peak numbers in September–October. R. simus Koch and R. tricuspis Dön. appeared from October, for seven months and three months respectively. R. supertritus Neum. and Ixodes cavipalpus Nutt. & Warb. had a brief activity season from November to January, and R. pravus gp. and R. sanguineus gp. were active from December to July. The distribution of ticks over the body of cattle was determined by fractionised collections, which gave reliable quantitative information for nine of the species. A limited number of collections from sheep, goats and dogs are analysed in relation to season. Collections from 127 wild animals, mainly along the escarpment and riverine bush of the Zambesi, are recorded.

Tick (Acari: Ixodidae) ecological studies in Tanzania

1986 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Tatchell ◽  
E. Easton
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Host Density ◽  
Dar Es Salaam ◽  
Rhipicephalus Appendiculatus ◽  
Amblyomma Variegatum ◽  
The Other ◽  
Theileria Parva ◽  
Ecological Studies ◽  
Adult Abundance

AbstractTicks were regularly collected from cattle along transects in Sukumaland and the Southern Highlands, Tanzania, and from locations near Tabora, Mbeya, Arusha and Dar es Salaam from 1973 to 1976. Marked seasonal variation in abundance occurred in Rhipicephalus appendiculatus Neumann in the Southern Highlands (but not in Sukumaland) and in Amblyomma variegatum (F.) near Tabora. It was possible to detect Theileria parva antibodies in cattle sera from the Southern Highlands only during the season of R. appendiculatus adult abundance. Despite this there was no evidence of enzootic instability of the disease. The results demonstrate that the behaviour and distributions of these and the other species of ticks found are not fixed and constant but vary according to a complicated interplay of factors as yet imperfectly understood, such as climate and vegetation and host density, susceptibility and grazing habits.

Immunoglobulin-G binding proteins in the ixodid ticks, Rhipicephalus appendiculatus, Amblyomma variegatum and Ixodes hexagonus

Parasitology ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 111 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Wang ◽  
P. A. Nuttall
Keyword(s):  
Immunoglobulin G ◽  
Binding Proteins ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Rhipicephalus Appendiculatus ◽  
Amblyomma Variegatum ◽  
Ixodid Ticks ◽  
Salivary Gland Extract ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Gland Extract ◽  
Ixodes Hexagonus

SUMMARYA guinea-pig immunoglobulin-G linked agarose column was used to detect the immunoglobulin-G binding proteins (IGBP) in the ixodid ticks, Rhipicephalus appendiculatus, Amblyomma variegatum and Ixodes hexagonus. IGBPs were found in salivary gland extract (SGE) of the unfed ticks of all 3 species. The sizes of the IGBPs, as determined by SDS–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, differed between species. In R. appendiculatus 2 IGBP bands were detected in haemolymph collected from unfed females and males, and an additional 78 kDa IGBP was detected in haemolymph samples of male and female ticks that had fed for 6 days. Although there was no difference in the IGBP profile of SGE derived from unfed male and female R. appendiculatus, 2 new IGBPs were detected in the SGE of the male ticks after they had fed for 6 days. The possible function of IGBP in ticks is discussed.

Ecological studies of ixodid ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) in Zambia. IV. Some anomalous infestation patterns in the northern and eastern regions

1978 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 409-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Macleod ◽  
B. Mwanaumo
Keyword(s):  
Tick Infestation ◽  
Rhipicephalus Appendiculatus ◽  
Ixodid Ticks ◽  
Central Province ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Ecological Studies ◽  
Seasonal Periodicity ◽  
Wild Fauna ◽  
Boophilus Decoloratus ◽  
North Eastern

AbstractThe tick infestation patterns observed during 1966–73 are described for wild animals and cattle on the northern plateau of north-eastern Zambia, the eastern plateau and the intervening Luangwa valley. The seasonal periodicity of adult Amblyomma sparsum Neum., as observed on buffalo, was similar to that of A. variegatum (F.). Five major depart ures from the patterns of infestation previously found in the Central Province were observed. Boophilus decoloratus (Koch) was partially or totally replaced on cattle by B. microplus (Can.).Rhipicephalus appendiculatus Neum. although present on wild fauna in the valley, was absent from cattle on the eastern plateau. R. evertsi Neum. was absent from much but not all of the northern plateau and occurred in very low numbers only on the cattle of the eastern plateau, yet was present on the wild fauna of the Luangwa valley. Hyalomma marginaturn rufipes Koch was practically absent from cattle on the northern and the eastern plateaux and from the wild fauna, except buffalo, of the valley; H. truncatum Koch was abundant on cattle on the northern plateau and on the wild fauna of the valley, but on the eastern plateau cattle it occurred in low numbers only. A. pomposum Dön, was found on cattle in one area of the northern plateau, the only specimen of Amblyomrna on that particular herd. These anomalous findings are discussed in relation to the situation elsewhere in Zambia and in neighbouring territories.

ANALISA LOGAM BESI (Fe) DI SUNGAI PASAR DAERAH BELANGWETAN KLATEN DENGAN METODE SPEKTROFOTOMETRI SERAPAN ATOM

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Rahmi Nurhaini ◽  
Arief Affandi
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Research Result ◽  
The Body ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Observational Method ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Republic

Iron (Fe) is one of many heavy metals that is corrosive resistant, dense, and has a low melting point. If accumulated in the body, the metal can cause some medical conditions, such as irritation to skin and eyes, breathing problems, and in the long term, cancer. This research aims to know generally the spread of metallic iron (Fe) in the river Pasar in Belangwetan, Klaten. This study was conducted using an observational method in which researchers did not examine the effects of interventions. Sampling was done using purposive sampling method taken from three points, namely the upper, middle, lower. Determination of iron levels by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) obtained a positive result, and the data was processed using SPSS to determine the Mean and Standard Deviation. Of the research result, it could be known the Mean score was 2.33 ppm and SD was 0.0352. The result of this research indicated that the levels of iron in the river Pasar in Belangwetan were 2.33 ppm. It means that the levels violate the regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia, which is not more than 1mg/L (1ppm) in the clean water

scholarly journals Small mammals as hosts of immature ixodid ticks

2005 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
I.G. Horak ◽  
L.J. Fourie ◽  
L.E.O. Braack
Keyword(s):  
Small Mammals ◽  
Tick Species ◽  
Ixodid Tick ◽  
Ixodid Ticks ◽  
Free State ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Rhabdomys Pumilio ◽  
Haemaphysalis Leachi ◽  
Lepus Capensis ◽  
Multimammate Mice

Two hundred and twenty-five small mammals belonging to 16 species were examined for ticks in Free State, Mpumalanga and Limpopo Provinces, South Africa, and 18 ixodid tick species, of which two could only be identified to genus level, were recovered. Scrub hares, Lepus saxatilis, and Cape hares, Lepus capensis, harboured the largest number of tick species. In Free State Province Namaqua rock mice, Aethomys namaquensis, and four-striped grass mice, Rhabdomys pumilio, were good hosts of the immature stages of Haemaphysalis leachi and Rhipicephalus gertrudae, while in Mpumalanga and Limpopo Provinces red veld rats, Aethomys chrysophilus, Namaqua rock mice and Natal multimammate mice, Mastomys natalensis were good hosts of H. leachi and Rhipicephalus simus. Haemaphysalis leachi was the only tick recovered from animals in all three provinces.

scholarly journals Treatment of cattle pyroplasmidosis in the conditions of Dagestan Republic

2021 ◽  
Vol 344 (5) ◽  
pp. 8-10
Author(s):  
S. Sh. Abdulmagomedov ◽  
A. Yu. Aliev ◽  
R. M. Bakrieva ◽  
E. A. Belkin
Keyword(s):  
Live Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Ixodid Ticks ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Blood Parasites ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Single Intramuscular Injection ◽  
Short Time ◽  
And Control

Relevance. Dagestan Republic in terms of natural and climatic characteristics is the most favorable for the of ixodid ticks - carriers of pathogens of blood-parasitic diseases of farm animals. In this regard, further improvement of the set of scientifically grounded control measures and the search for new promising chemotherapeutic drugs of the prevention and treatment of pyroplasmidosis of cattle are major problem of great national economic importance.Materials and methods. The studies were carried out in farms, unfavorable on pyroplasmidosis, in the conditions of Dagestan Republic. The object of the study was cattle, spontaneously invaded by various types of blood parasites. Experеmental and control groups in production experiments were selected according to the principle of analogues. In the first control group (n = 10) the drug was not used. The second (n = 10) was injected with the drug DAC 5% at a dose of 1 ml/20 kg (DV 2.5 mg/kg), intramuscularly, at the rate 5 ml per 100 kg of live weight. The animals of the third (n = 10) were injected with the injectable preparation forticarb 10% at a dose of 4 ml/100 kg (DV 4 mg/kg) of live weight, intramuscularly, once.Results. It was found that with a single intramuscular injection of forticarb at the rate 2 ml/50 kg of live weight, the temperature and parasitic reaction in the body of sick animals decreased in a very short time. Therapeutic efficacy in pyroplasmidosis of cattle was 90%.

scholarly journals An Observational Study to Assess the Surgical Asepsis among Nurses Working in Narayana General Hospital, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh

2019 ◽  
pp. 713-718
Author(s):  
V. Jayanthi ◽  
Indira Arumugam ◽  
Latha P
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Method ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Cross Infection ◽  
The Body ◽  
Staff Nurses ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Convenience Sampling ◽  
Knowledge And Practice ◽  
Care Worker

Background: Surgical asepsis refers to destruction of organisms before they enter the body, it is used in caring for open wounds and in surgical procedure. Surgical asepsis is the medical practice of maintaining sterility whenever dressing wound or performing any kind of surgery to prevent cross infection. Aseptic technique are used in infection control to prevent cross infection between health care worker and between patients. Aim: The aim of the study was to assess the level of knowledge and practice of staff nurses regarding surgical asepsis. Objectives: 1. To assess the practice regarding surgical asepsis. 2. To find an association between practice with socio demographic variables. Methodology: 100 staff nurses working in NMCH, Nellore were selected by using convenience sampling method. Results: Regarding the level of practice among staff nurses, 10(10%) of them had good practice 80(80%) of them had moderate practice and 10(10%) had poor practice.

A mid-Cretaceous female scale insect (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccomorpha) in Burmese amber

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4810 (3) ◽  
pp. 511-522
Author(s):  
GEORGE POINAR ◽  
FERNANDO E. VEGA ◽  
SCOTT A. SCHNEIDER
Keyword(s):  
Special Interest ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Scale Insect ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
The Body ◽  
Present Species ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Female Specimen ◽  
New Genus And Species ◽  
Burmese Amber

A new genus and species of scale insect (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) is described from a female specimen in mid-Cretaceous Burmese (Myanmar) amber. Fossil female scales are rare and the present species, described as Paleolepidotus macrocolus gen. et sp. n., has such an unusual assortment of morphological features that it could not be assigned to any particular extant or extinct family. The small, ferruginous specimen exhibits a series of long wax pencils that extend around the body, including the head. The antennae and legs are quite long compared to other extant and extinct scale fossils. Of special interest are the protruding eyes, and a conical-triangular rostrum arising from between the forelegs; the claws with bifid apices are also unique. The ovisac contains immature stages. 

Description of the immature stages of the Neotropical whirligig beetle Gyrinus (Neogyrinus) rozei Ochs, 1953 (Coleoptera: Gyrinidae) and first report of the parasitoid wasp Melanosmicra sp. (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae) on a Gyrinus species

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4732 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-116
Author(s):  
DANIARA COLPANI ◽  
CÉSAR JOÃO BENETTI ◽  
NEUSA HAMADA ◽  
VANDERLY ANDRADE-SOUZA ◽  
KARINE SCHOENINGER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequence ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Parasitoid Wasp ◽  
First Record ◽  
The Body ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Gene Coi ◽  
Northern Brazil

In most species of Gyrinidae, the immature stages are unknown, especially due to the difficulty in collecting the juveniles and assigning them to a particular species. Molecular association is a feasible technique that may solve this problem. Recent studies have used DNA sequence data, specifically the gene cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI), to associate immature and adult stages, thus enabling the description of the former. The objectives of this study were (1) to describe and illustrate the immature stages of Gyrinus (Neogyrinus) rozei Ochs, 1953 including morphometric, chaetotaxic and bionomic information, and (2) to assess the usefulness of the gene COI to associate immatures and adults of Gyrinus. The studied specimens were collected in Roraima state, northern Brazil. The association of immature and adult stages was done either by rearing adults under laboratory conditions or by using DNA sequence data (COI). Eggs were described based on scanning electron microscopy; they are distinguished mainly by several features of chorion, micropyle and reticulation. Larvae of G. (N.) rozei can be distinguished from those of other Neotropical Gyrinidae by a combination of several characters, including the stipes with five robust hook-like additional setae on the dorsointernal margin, and the lacinia roughly hook-shaped. The pupa is similar to that of G. argentinus Steinhel, 1869, except for the number of setae on the body. The first record of the parasitoid wasp Melanosmicra sp. (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae) on a Gyrinus species is also provided. 

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