Genetic variation among Mediterranean populations of Sesamia nonagrioides (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) as revealed by RFLP mtDNA analysis

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.T. Margaritopoulos ◽  
B. Gotosopoulos ◽  
Z. Mamuris ◽  
P.J. Skouras ◽  
K.C. Voudouris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
Spatial Genetic Structure ◽  
Rare Event ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Sesamia Nonagrioides ◽  
Polymorphism Analysis ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Mediterranean Populations

AbstractRestriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of two segments of mitochondrial DNA (COI and 16S rRNA) was used to examine genetic variation in Sesamia nonagrioides (Lefèbvre) populations from the Mediterranean basin. Four populations were collected from central and southern Greece, and five from northern latitudes: Greece, Italy, France and Spain. No variation was observed in COI, while 16S rRNA segment proved highly polymorphic and 28 different haplotypes were found. Lower intra-population polymorphism was found in the northern populations than in southern ones. Although no significant isolation by distance was found, the UPGMA tree based on Nei's raw number of nucleotide differences separated the populations into two major groups, i.e. one with the northern (40.6°N–43.4°N) and the other with the southern populations (37.3°N–39.2°N). Analysis of molecular variance revealed that most of the variation was between the two major groups (ΦCT=0.559), and all pairwise comparisons between the northern and southern populations resulted in high and significant FST values (overall FST=0.604). The high FST values and the strong spatial genetic structure indicate that long-distance migration may be a rare event. The populations do not seem to have experienced a strong historical bottleneck. The occurrence of a few widespread haplotypes and the genetic similarity of the northern populations could be attributed to a historical expansion of certain haplotypes from the south towards to the northern borders of the species' distribution area.

scholarly journals Spatial genetic structure of the sea sandwort (<i>Honckenya peploides</i>) on Surtsey: an immigrant's journey

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (22) ◽  
pp. 6495-6507 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. H. Árnason ◽  
Ǽ. Th. Thórsson ◽  
B. Magnússon ◽  
M. Philipp ◽  
H. Adsersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
Spatial Genetic Structure ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Aflp Markers ◽  
Plant Colonization ◽  
Southern Coast ◽  
Binary Matrix

Abstract. Sea sandwort (Honckenya peploides) was one of the first plants to successfully colonize and reproduce on the volcanic island Surtsey, formed in 1963 off the southern coast of Iceland. Using amplified fragment length polymorphic (AFLP) markers, we examined levels of genetic variation and differentiation among populations of H. peploides on Surtsey in relation to populations on the nearby island Heimaey and from the southern coast of Iceland. Selected populations from Denmark and Greenland were used for comparison. In addition, we tested whether the effects of isolation by distance could be seen in the Surtsey populations. Using two primer combinations, we obtained 173 AFLP markers from a total of 347 plant samples. The resulting binary matrix was then analysed statistically. The main results include the following: (i) Surtsey had the highest proportion of polymorphic markers as well as a comparatively high genetic diversity (55.5% proportion of polymorphic loci, PLP; 0.1974 HE) and Denmark the lowest (31.8% PLP; 0.132 HE), indicating rapid expansion during an early stage of population establishment on Surtsey and/or multiple origins of immigrants; (ii) the total genetic differentiation (FST) among Surtsey (0.0714) and Heimaey (0.055) populations was less than half of that found among the mainland populations in Iceland (0.1747), indicating substantial gene flow on the islands; (iii) most of the genetic variation (79%, p < 0.001) was found within localities, possibly due to the outcrossing and subdioecious nature of the species; (iv) a significant genetic distance was found within Surtsey, among sites, and this appeared to correlate with the age of plant colonization; and (v) the genetic structure analysis indicated multiple colonization episodes on Surtsey, whereby H. peploides most likely immigrated from the nearby island of Heimaey and directly from the southern coast of Iceland.

scholarly journals Spatial population genomics of a recent mosquito invasion

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas L Schmidt ◽  
T. Swan ◽  
Jessica Chung ◽  
Stephan Karl ◽  
Samuel Demok ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Population Genomics ◽  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
Spatial Genetic Structure ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Discrete Events ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Population Genomic ◽  
Asian Tiger ◽  
Study Designs

AbstractPopulation genomic approaches can characterise dispersal across a single generation through to many generations in the past, bridging the gap between individual movement and intergenerational gene flow. These approaches are particularly useful when investigating dispersal in recently altered systems, where they provide a way of inferring long-distance dispersal between newly established populations and their interactions with existing populations. Human-mediated biological invasions represent such altered systems which can be investigated with appropriate study designs and analyses. Here we apply temporally-restricted sampling and a range of population genomic approaches to investigate dispersal in a 2004 invasion of Aedes albopictus (the Asian tiger mosquito) in the Torres Strait Islands (TSI) of Australia. We sampled mosquitoes from 13 TSI villages simultaneously and genotyped 373 mosquitoes at genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs): 331 from the TSI, 36 from Papua New Guinea (PNG), and 4 incursive mosquitoes detected in uninvaded regions. Within villages, spatial genetic structure varied substantially but overall displayed isolation by distance and a neighbourhood size of 232–577. Close kin dyads revealed recent movement between islands 31–203 km apart, and deep learning inferences showed incursive Ae. albopictus had travelled to uninvaded regions from both adjacent and non-adjacent islands. Private alleles and a coancestry matrix indicated direct gene flow from PNG into nearby islands. Outlier analyses also detected four linked alleles introgressed from PNG, with the alleles surrounding 12 resistance-associated cytochrome P450 genes. By treating dispersal as both an intergenerational process and a set of discrete events, we describe a highly interconnected invasive system.

Population genetic structure of the Gulf of St. Lawrence aster, Symphyotrichum laurentianum (Asteraceae), a threatened coastal endemic

Botany ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 87 (11) ◽  
pp. 1089-1095 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen B. Heard ◽  
Linley K. Jesson ◽  
Kirby Tulk
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Threatened Species ◽  
Population Genetic Structure ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
Spatial Genetic Structure ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Allelic Diversity ◽  
Magdalen Islands

The Gulf of St. Lawrence aster ( Symphyotrichum laurentianum (Fernald) G.L. Nesom) is an endemic annual of saline habitats in the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence. It is listed as a threatened species, and has recently experienced population declines in much of its range. We used 11 allozyme markers to assay population genetic variation in six wild populations of S. laurentianum from the Magdalen Islands, Quebec (QC), the only remaining wild population from Prince Edward Island National Park (PEI), and a greenhouse population founded in 1999 with seed collected from PEI. Symphyotrichum laurentianum harbours moderate genetic diversity (Ps = 0.36, As = 1.54), with only modest spatial genetic structure (pairwise FST < 0.15) and no significant isolation by distance. The PEI population had greatly reduced allelic diversity compared with the populations from the Magdalen Islands, which likely act as a reservoir of genetic variation in S. laurentianum. Recent loss of alleles during population decline in PEI is suggested by the retention of greater allelic diversity in the greenhouse population. Estimates of breeding structure suggest small but nonzero rates of outcross pollination (FIS = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.48–0.97; outcrossing rate ∼16%). Population genetic structure in S. laurentianum can inform those forming and carrying out conservation and recovery plans for this threatened species.

Population structure in two geographically sympatric and congeneric ectoparasites (Cimex adjunctus and Cimex lectularius) in the North American Great Lakes region

2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (12) ◽  
pp. 901-907 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benoit Talbot ◽  
Maarten J. Vonhof ◽  
Hugh G. Broders ◽  
M. Brock Fenton ◽  
Nusha Keyghobadi
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
Spatial Genetic Structure ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Cimex Lectularius ◽  
Genetic Structuring ◽  
The North ◽  
Genetic Clusters

Subdivided populations can be described by different models of population structure that reflect population organization, dynamics, and connectivity. We used genetic data to investigate population structure in two geographically sympatric, congeneric species of generalist ectoparasites of warm-blooded animals. We characterized the spatial genetic structure of the eastern bat bug (Cimex adjunctus Barber, 1939), an understudied and fairly abundant species, using microsatellite markers at a spatial scale representing contemporary dispersal of the species. We found seven genetic clusters, global [Formula: see text] of 0.2, 33% of genetic variation among sites, and nonsignificant isolation-by-distance. We compared these results with the common bed bug (Cimex lectularius L., 1758), a closely related but conversely well-known species, in the same geographic area. We found stronger genetic structuring in C. lectularius than in C. adjunctus, with 11 genetic clusters, [Formula: see text] of 0.7, 57% of genetic variation among sites, and significant but weak isolation-by-distance (R2 = 0.09). These results suggest that while both species can be described as having classic metapopulation structure, C. adjunctus leans more towards a patchy population and C. lectularius leans more towards a nonequilibrium metapopulation. The difference in population structure between these species may be attributable to differences in movement potential and extinction–colonization dynamics.

Analysis of the spatial genetic structure of Passiflora incarnata in recently disturbed sites

2005 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 420-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca T Tague ◽  
Stephanie A Foré
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Spatial Genetic Structure ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Multilocus Genotype ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Short Life Span ◽  
Successional Species ◽  
Passiflora Incarnata ◽  
Coefficient Of Coancestry

In early successional species, short life span and frequent spatial relocation may affect the distribution of genetic variation but the pattern may be altered by reproductive patterns. Passiflora incarnata L. (Passifloraceae), an early successional vine found throughout the southeastern United States, reproduces sexually and asexually through clonal sprouts. We examined the genetic structure of P. incarnata in recently disturbed habitats at three spatial scales: within a patch, among patches separated by 250 m, and between sites separated by 10 km. Genetic variation may be clumped at the scale of neighboring plants if stem resprouting is significant. In each patch, eleven arbitrarily selected plants and their four nearest neighbors were mapped and leaf samples were collected for genetic analysis. The multilocus genotype of each individual for seven polymorphic allozymes was determined. Potential clones were determined by estimating the probability of a second occurrence of each genotype and a multilocus coefficient of coancestry. Data indicated P. incarnata was reproducing primarily sexually. Most of the genetic variation was within a patch with little variation among patches. These data suggest that the genetic structure of this colonizing species was determined by founder effects interacting with long distance pollen movement.Key words: allozymes, passionflower, spatial, genetic structure, early colonizer, Passiflora incarnata.

scholarly journals Spatial genetic structure of the Sea Sandwort on Surtsey: an immigrant's journey

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 10045-10082 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. H. Árnason ◽  
Ǽ. Th. Thórsson ◽  
B. Magnússon ◽  
M. Philipp ◽  
H. E. Adsersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
Spatial Genetic Structure ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Aflp Markers ◽  
Plant Colonization ◽  
Southern Coast ◽  
Binary Matrix

Abstract. Sea Sandwort (Honckenya peploides) is one of the first plants to successfully colonize and reproduce on the volcanic island Surtsey, formed in 1963 off the southern coast of Iceland. Using amplified fragment length polymorphic (AFLP) markers we examined levels of genetic variation and differentiation among populations of H. peploides on Surtsey in relation to populations on the nearby island Heimaey and from the southern coast of Iceland. Selected populations from Denmark and Greenland were used for comparison. In addition, we tested whether the effects of isolation by distance can be seen in the Surtsey populations. Using two primer combinations, we obtained 173 AFLP markers from a total of 347 plant samples. The resulting binary matrix was then analyzed statistically. Main results include the followings: (i) Surtsey has the highest proportion of polymorphic markers as well as a comparatively high genetic diversity (55.5% PLP; 0.1974 HE) and Denmark the lowest (31.8% PLP; 0.132 HE), indicating rapid expansion during an early stage of population establishment on Surtsey and/or multiple origins of immigrants; (ii) the total genetic differentiation (FST) among Surtsey (0.0714) and Heimaey (0.055) populations was less than half of that found among the mainland populations in Iceland (0.1747), indicating substantial gene flow on the islands; (iii) most of the genetic variation (79%, p<0.001) was found within localities, possibly due to the outcrossing and subdioecious nature of the species; (iv) a significant genetic distance was found within Surtsey, among sites, and this appears to correlate with the age of plant colonization; and (v) the genetic structure analysis indicated multiple colonization episodes on Surtsey, whereby H. peploides most likely immigrated from the nearby island of Heimaey and directly from the southern coast of Iceland.

Amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis reveals high genetic variation in the Ouachita Mountain endemic Carex latebracteata (Cyperaceae)

Botany ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 87 (8) ◽  
pp. 770-779
Author(s):  
Bruce A. Ford ◽  
Anne C. Worley ◽  
Robert F. C. Naczi ◽  
Habibollah Ghazvini
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Length Polymorphism ◽  
Fragment Length ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Conservation Strategy ◽  
Polymorphism Analysis ◽  
Mixed Mating ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Ouachita Mountain

Species with limited geographic ranges are often of conservation concern because they may possess low levels of genetic variability and thus have a reduced ability to respond to stochastic events. As a consequence, an important conservation strategy is to maximize a species’ adaptive potential by preserving natural levels of genetic variation. With this goal in mind, we assessed genetic variation within and among six populations of the Ouachita Mountain endemic Carex latebracteata Waterfall using 653 amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) loci. Indices of genetic variation [% polymorphic loci, expected heterozygosity (HE), population differentiation (ΦPT)] were most consistent with an outcrossing or mixed mating system despite an inflorescence morphology that seems conducive to self-pollination. An analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed that >80% of the variation occurred within populations, suggesting high levels of gene flow. The close geographic proximity of most populations, which are often adjacent to streams, may facilitate long-distance seed dispersal and help to maintain high intra-population genetic variation. Conservation strategies focused on maintaining the ecological integrity of rivers and streams, and the provision of naturally vegetated buffers would likely assist in the conservation of this and other Ouachita Mountain endemics.

scholarly journals Genetic patterns in Montipora capitata across an environmental mosaic in Kaneohe Bay

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo Caruso ◽  
Mariana Rocha de Souza ◽  
Lupita Ruiz-Jones ◽  
Dennis Conetta ◽  
Joshua Hancock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Environmental Gradients ◽  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
Spatial Genetic Structure ◽  
Reproductive Mode ◽  
Montipora Capitata ◽  
Kaneohe Bay ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Degree Heating Weeks

Spatial genetic structure (SGS) is important to a population's ability to adapt to environmental change. For species that reproduce both sexually and asexually, the relative contribution of each reproductive mode has important ecological and evolutionary implications because asexual reproduction can have a strong effect on SGS. Reef building corals reproduce sexually, but many species also propagate asexually under certain conditions. In order to understand SGS and the relative importance of reproductive mode across environmental gradients, we evaluated genetic relatedness in almost 600 colonies of Montipora capitata across 30 environmentally characterized sites in Kaneohe Bay, Oahu, Hawaii using low-depth restriction digest associated sequencing. Clonal colonies were relatively rare overall but influenced SGS. Clones were located significantly closer to one another spatially than average colonies and were more frequent on sites where wave energy was relatively high, suggesting a strong role of mechanical breakage in their formation. Excluding clones, we found no evidence of isolation by distance within sites or across the bay. Several environmental characteristics were significant predictors of the underlying genetic variation (including degree heating weeks, time spent above 30°C, depth, sedimentation rate and wave height); however, they only explained 5% of this genetic variation. Our results show that colony fragmentation contributes to the ecology of M. capitata at local scales and that genetic diversity is maintained despite strong environmental gradients in a highly impacted ecosystem, suggesting potential for broad adaptation or acclimatization in this population.

Dynamics of genetic variation in Taxus baccata: local versus regional perspectives

2004 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Hilfiker ◽  
Rolf Holderegger ◽  
Peter Rotach ◽  
Felix Gugerli
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Alpine Region ◽  
Population Variation ◽  
Regional Differentiation ◽  
Taxus Baccata ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Significant Differentiation

Increasing loss of habitat tends to reduce biodiversity at the inter- and intra-specific levels. Within species, the remaining diversity is often partitioned so that a great amount of neutral genetic variation is assigned to among-population variation. This implies reduced gene flow as a consequence of population isolation. We tested whether random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers indicate population and (or) regional differentiation in Swiss populations of English yew (Taxus baccata L.), a dioecious forest tree species with scattered distribution. Our sampling included three northern Swiss regions, each containing four populations, and a central-Alpine region with two populations. Four RAPD primers, giving rise to 41 scorable marker bands, identified all but two sampled individuals as unique genotypes. Analyses of molecular variance (AMOVA) detected no significant differentiation among the three northern Swiss regions yet a marginally significant differentiation of these regions versus the central-Alpine region. Concordantly, Mantel tests revealed isolation by distance only when considering all 14 populations. We postulate that the inferred level of gene flow, through wind-borne pollen and occasional long-distance seed dispersal, prevents isolation by distance in northern Switzerland, where stands of T. baccata are relatively abundant. This perpetuates a coherent regional network of occurrences of T. baccata, as might be expected in a metapopulation.Key words: genetic variation, isolation by distance, metapopulation, population differentiation, RAPD-PCR, Taxus baccata.

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