A karyological study of the genus Pnigalio Schrank (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae): Assessing the taxonomic utility of chromosomes at the species level

2011 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Gebiola ◽  
M. Giorgini ◽  
P. Navone ◽  
U. Bernardo
Keyword(s):  
Relative Length ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Karyological Study ◽  
Centromeric Index ◽  
Interspecific Variability ◽  
Reciprocal Differences ◽  
Karyotype Structure

AbstractWe provide a karyological study of 12 species of the genus Pnigalio in an attempt to evaluate the taxonomic utility of karyotypes at the species level. For all species of Pnigalio examined the number of chromosome was 2n=12. Karyotype formulae presented mainly metacentric and submetacentric chromosomes, although a pair of acrocentrics or subtelocentrics, shorter than biarmed chromosomes, was present in some species. The analysis of karyotypes of Pnigalio showed frequent but not general interspecific variability of the chromosome traits. Although most of the studied species revealed concordance between morphological and karyological characters (centromeric index and relative length), two other categories have been identified: morphologically distinct species without reciprocal differences in karyotype structure, and morphologically similar species that strongly differ in chromosomal characters.

Genetic diversity of three Aegla species (Decapoda, Anomura) revealed by AFLP and mtDNA markers

Crustaceana ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-462
Author(s):  
Bianca L. Zimmermann ◽  
Jober V. De Vargas Machado ◽  
Sandro Santos ◽  
Marlise L. Bartholomei-Santos
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Taxonomic Resolution ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Management And Conservation ◽  
Mtdna Markers

Abstract Representatives of the genus Aegla present a conserved morphology; thus, the increased use of molecular markers has raised many taxonomic issues. We used AFLP and mtDNA to investigate the genetic differentiation and phylogenetic relationships of morphologically similar species with overlapping distribution areas in southern Brazil: A. georginae, A. ludwigi, and A. platensis. While A. platensis is widely distributed, the critically endangered A. georginae and A. ludwigi have limited distributions. Although both markers showed populations with low levels of genetic variability, they differed markedly in revealing relationships between populations; according to AFLP, the genetic distances between A. platensis populations were as high as those between distinct species, a result not observed when considering mtDNA data. We emphasize that the use of multiple lines of evidence is necessary for defining correct levels of genetic diversity and a good species-level taxonomic resolution. Such features are essential for the management and conservation of Aegla species.

scholarly journals Performance of Five Commercial Identification Platforms for Identification of Staphylococcus delphini

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew C. Canver ◽  
Tsigereda Tekle ◽  
Samantha T. Compton ◽  
Katrina Callan ◽  
Eileen M. Burd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Distinct Species ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Maldi Tof Ms ◽  
Maldi Tof ◽  
Staphylococcus Intermedius ◽  
Animal Pathogens ◽  
Tof Ms

ABSTRACT The Staphylococcus intermedius group (SIG) is a collection of coagulase-positive staphylococci consisting of four distinct species, namely, Staphylococcus cornubiensis, Staphylococcus delphini, Staphylococcus intermedius, and Staphylococcus pseudintermedius. SIG members are animal pathogens and rare causes of human infection. Accurate identification of S. pseudintermedius has important implications for interpretation of antimicrobial susceptibility testing data and may be important for other members of the group. Therefore, we sought to evaluate the performance of five commercially available identification platforms with 21 S. delphini isolates obtained from a variety of animal and geographic sources. Here, we show that automated biochemical platforms were unable to identify S. delphini to the species level, a function of its omission from their databases, but could identify isolates to the SIG level with various degrees of success. However, all automated systems misidentified at least one isolate as Staphylococcus aureus. One matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) system was able to identify S. delphini to the species level, suggesting that MALDI-TOF MS is the best option for distinguishing members of the SIG. With the exception of S. pseudintermedius, it is unclear if other SIG members should be routinely identified to the species level; however, as our understanding of their role in animal and human diseases increases, it may be necessary and important to do so.

Two new species in the Ficinia indica complex (Cyperaceae, tribe Cypereae) from South Africa

Phytotaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 295 (1) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
ALUWANI A. TSHIILA ◽  
SAMSON B.M. CHIMPHANGO ◽  
JAN-ADRIAAN VILJOEN ◽  
A. MUTHAMA MUASYA
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Region Growing ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Cape Floristic Region ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Ecological Features ◽  
Dichotomous Key ◽  
As Species ◽  
Two New Species

Unclear boundaries between species hinder identification in the field and in herbaria, especially in species groups that can only be distinguished on the basis of subtle morphological and ecological features. One such taxon is Ficinia indica, widespread in the Greater Cape Floristic Region, growing on deep sandy soils between sea level and 1000 m elevation. Within its range, several phylogenetically related and morphologically similar species co-occur or occupy distinct habitats. Studies in herbaria show species in the Ficinia indica complex to be largely misidentified based on the use of qualitative information. Here, we investigate whether the six taxa recognized, based on one or a few characters, are supported as distinct species based on multivariate analysis of macro-morphological data. Two of the taxa were mostly separated whereas the other four taxa overlapped in multivariate space, but all the taxa could be distinguished using a single or a combination of morphological and ecological characters. We uphold the four previously recognized taxa (Ficinia argyropus, F. elatior, F. indica, F. laevis) as species, describe two new species (F. arnoldii and F. montana), and provide a dichotomous key for their identification.

scholarly journals Multigene phylogeny and morphology reveal Phaeobotryon rhois sp. nov. (Botryosphaeriales, Ascomycota)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 205 (2) ◽  
pp. 90 ◽  
Author(s):  
XIN-LEI FAN ◽  
KEVIN D. HYDE ◽  
JIAN-KUI LIU ◽  
YING-MEI LIANG ◽  
CHENG-MING TIAN
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Multigene Phylogeny ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
Canker Disease ◽  
Multigene Analysis ◽  
The Family ◽  
Rhus Typhina ◽  
A New Species

The family Botryosphaeriaceae encompasses important plant-associated pathogens, endophytes and saprobes with a wide geographical and host distribution. Two dark-spored botryosphaeriaceous taxa associated with Rhus typhina dieback and canker disease were collected from Ningxia Province, in northwestern China. Morphology and multigene analysis (ITS, LSU and EF-1α) clearly distinguished this clade as a distinct species in the genus. Phaeobotryon rhois is introduced and illustrated as a new species in this paper. The species is characterized by its globose, unilocular fruiting bodies and small, brown, 1-septate conidia. It can be distinguished from the similar species P. cercidis, P. cupressi, P. mamane and P. quercicola based on host association and conidial size and colour.

Laevistrombus Abbott 1960 (Gastropoda: Strombidae): Indian and southwest Pacific species

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4555 (4) ◽  
pp. 491
Author(s):  
STEPHEN J. MAXWELL ◽  
AART M. DEKKERS ◽  
TASMIN L. RYMER ◽  
BRADLEY C. CONGDON
Keyword(s):  
Distinct Species ◽  
Geographic Range ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Type Material ◽  
Marine Gastropod ◽  
Comparative Analyses ◽  
Southwest Pacific ◽  
Significant Variability ◽  
Extant Species ◽  
Pacific Species

Here we evaluate the taxonomy of the marine gastropod genus Laevistrombus Abbott, 1960 and determine that there are five extant species within this genus, three of which occur in the southwest Pacific. Comparative analyses of this complex have been problematic due to the lack of designated type material. Therefore, we present the type material for L. canarium Linnaeus, 1758; L. taeniatus Quoy & Gaimard, 1834; and L. vanikorensis Quoy & Gaimard, 1834. Current taxonomy has L. vanikorensis absorbed within the L. canarium complex. L. taeniatus is generally held to be a synonym of L. turturella Röding, 1789. We demonstrate that both L. taeniatus and L. vanikorensis are distinct species and reinstate both to species level. Our revision also notes the significant variability in early teleoconch structure within the geographic range of L. vanikorensis, and highlights the need for a greater revision of Laevistrombus, given the diversity in early teleoconch morphology present in southwest Pacific species. 

scholarly journals Ecological opportunity shapes a large Arctic charr species radiation

2019 ◽  
Vol 286 (1913) ◽  
pp. 20191992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmela J. Doenz ◽  
Andrin K. Krähenbühl ◽  
Jonas Walker ◽  
Ole Seehausen ◽  
Jakob Brodersen
Keyword(s):  
Arctic Charr ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Small Lakes ◽  
Ecological Data ◽  
Ecological Opportunity ◽  
Intermediate Size ◽  
Variable Population ◽  
Lake Size

Ecological opportunity is considered a crucial factor for adaptive radiation. Here, we combine genetic, morphological and ecological data to assess species and ecomorphological diversity of Artic charr in six lakes of a catchment in southernmost Greenland, where only charr and stickleback occur. Because the diversity of habitats and resources increases with lake size, we predict a positive association between lake size and the extent of ecomorphological diversity. The largest lake of the catchment harbours the largest Arctic charr assemblage known today. It consists of six genetically differentiated species belonging to five ecomorphs (anadromous, littoral benthic, profundal dwarf, planktivorous, piscivorous), of which the latter comprises two ecomorphologically extremely similar species. Lakes of intermediate size contain two ecomorphologically and genetically distinct species. Small lakes harbour one genetically homogeneous, yet sometimes ecomorphologically variable population. Supporting our prediction, lake size is positively correlated with the extent of ecomorphological specialization towards profundal, pelagic and piscivorous lifestyle. Furthermore, assemblage-wide morphospace increases sharply when more than one genetic cluster is present. Our data suggest that ecological opportunity and speciation jointly determine phenotypic expansion in this charr radiation.

Reinstatement of Sigambra hanaokai (Kitamori, 1960) (Polychaeta, Pilargidae), with an overview of the literature on the genus

Zootaxa ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 1653 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
EIJIROH NISHI ◽  
KATSUHIKO TANAKA ◽  
YOSHIMI FUJIOKA ◽  
MASANORI SATO
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Relative Length ◽  
Junior Synonym ◽  
Type Locality ◽  
Seto Inland Sea ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Systematic Status

Sigambra hanaokai (Kitamori 1960), originally described from Japan, was regarded as a junior synonym of S. tentaculata (Treadwell 1941), described from the Northwestern Atlantic Ocean. We studied Japanese materials and compared them with a recent redescription of S. tentaculata and with S. phuketensis Licher and Westheide, 1997, another similar species. The validity of S. hanaokai is confirmed. In order to avoid any further confusion, we redescribe the species based on topotype specimens collected in Hiroshima, Seto Inland Sea, Japan, the type locality of the species. Additionally, we emphasize the differences between S. hanaokai and S. phuketensis, particularly in regard to the relative length of the median antenna. Lastly, we summarize the recent systematic status of all species of the genus, and provide a table summarizing taxonomic characters.

The 'Senecio aff. lautus' complex (Asteraceae) in Australia. II.* Clarification of names given to Pseudolautusoid Australian specimens of Senecio by Richard and by Candolle

1994 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
RO Belcher
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Species Level

Australian pseudolautusoid specimens of the 'Senecio aff. lautus' complex, with phyllaries bi-ridged and bracteoles crowded just below the receptacle, can be excluded at the species level from Senecio lautus s. str. of New Zealand. Specimens of the latter have flat phyllaries and numerous imbricate bracteoles on the tapering receptacle. Thus, it is necessary to review all other names for these Australian specimens, beginning with those by A. Richard (1834): S. rupicola, S. tripartitus, S. pinnatifolius, S. crithmifolius and S. gaudichaudianus; and by A.P. de Candolle (1838): S. carnulentus, S. endlicherii and S. macquariensis. These Candollean taxa are here all reduced to synonymy. Senecio crithmifolius A. Rich. (1834), non Scop. (1772) is not only a later homonym but also a nomen confusum, the type sheet bearing a mixture of two species. The same is true of S. crithmifolius DC., but with a different mixture. Both their type sheets included radiate specimens referable instead to Senecio gaudichaudianus A. Rich. This enigmatic taxon actually is radiate rather than discoid as described by Richard. I regard it for now as a valid distinct species in the Australian complex. Richard's four legitimate taxa are characterised, and typifications and synonymies given. Other names proposed for members of this complex will be reviewed in subsequent articles.* Part I. Aust. Syst. Bot. 1993, 6, 359–63

New World direct-developing frogs (Anura: Terrarana): Molecular phylogeny, classification, biogeography, and conservation

Zootaxa ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 1737 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. BLAIR HEDGES ◽  
WILLIAM E. DUELLMAN ◽  
MATTHEW P. HEINICKE
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Phylogeny ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
New World ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Caribbean Region ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Species Groups

New World frogs recently placed in a single, enormous family (Brachycephalidae) have direct development and reproduce on land, often far away from water. DNA sequences from mitochondrial and nuclear genes of 344 species were analyzed to estimate their relationships. The molecular phylogeny in turn was used as the basis for a revised classification of the group. The 882 described species are placed in a new taxon, Terrarana, and allocated to four families, four subfamilies, 24 genera, 11 subgenera, 33 species series, 56 species groups, and 11 species subgroups. Systematic accounts are provided for all taxa above the species level. Two families (Craugastoridae and Strabomantidae), three subfamilies (Holoadeninae, Phyzelaphryninae, and Strabomantinae), six genera (Bryophryne, Diasporus, Haddadus, Isodactylus, Lynchius, and Psychrophrynella), and two subgenera (Campbellius and Schwartzius) are proposed and named as new taxa, 13 subspecies are considered to be distinct species, and 613 new combinations are formed. Most of the 100 informal groups (species series, species groups, and species subgroups) are new or newly defined. Brachycephalus and Ischnocnema are placed in Brachycephalidae, a relatively small clade restricted primarily to southeastern Brazil. Eleutherodactylidae includes two subfamilies, four genera, and five subgenera and is centered in the Caribbean region. Craugastoridae contains two genera and three subgenera and is distributed mainly in Middle America. Strabomantidae is distributed primarily in the Andes of northwestern South America and includes two subfamilies, 16 genera, and three subgenera. Images and distribution maps are presented for taxa above the species level and a complete list of species is provided. Aspects of the evolution, biogeography, and conservation of Terrarana are discussed.

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