Mitochondrial DNA revealed the extent of genetic diversity and invasion origin of populations from two separate invaded areas of a newly invasive pest,Cydia pomonella(L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in China

2015 ◽  
Vol 105 (4) ◽  
pp. 485-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Li ◽  
X. Duan ◽  
X. Qiao ◽  
X. Li ◽  
K. Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Cydia Pomonella ◽  
Haplotype Diversity ◽  
Northwestern China ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi ◽  
Similar Haplotype ◽  
Northeast Of China

AbstractCydia pomonellais a serious invasive insect pest in China, and has caused severe damage to the production of apple and pear in its invaded areas. This species is distributing in the northwest and northeast of China, but no occurrence of it has been recorded in the large areas (about 3000–5000 km away) between the invaded northwestern and northeastern regions despite continuous monitoring. As yet the genetic diversity and invasion origin of theC. pomonellapopulations in Northwestern and Northeastern China is obscure. In this study, we investigate the genetic diversity of 14 populations ofC. pomonellasampled throughout the main distribution regions in Northwestern (Xinjiang and Gansu Provinces) and Northeastern (Heilongjiang Province) China and compared them with nine populations from Europe and other continents using the mitochondrial COI, COII and Cytb genes. Both the populations from Northeastern and Northwestern China shared some haplotypes with populations from other countries. Haplotypes of the three mitochondrial genes had a different distribution in Northeastern and Northwestern China. The northeastern populations had more private haplotypes than the northwestern populations. A large number of the individuals from northwestern populations shared a few haplotypes of each of the three genes. The haplotype numbers and haplotype diversities of the northeastern populations were similar to those of field populations in other countries, but were higher than those of the northwestern populations. Populations from the Northwestern China showed similar haplotype number and haplotype diversity. We conclude that the population genetic background ofC. pomonellapopulations in Northeastern and Northwestern China varies due to different invasion sources and that this should be considered before the application of new pest control tactics.

scholarly journals Phylogeography of the Brittle Star Ophiura sarsii Lütken, 1855 (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) from the Barents Sea and East Atlantic

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Evgeny Genelt-Yanovskiy ◽  
Yixuan Li ◽  
Ekaterina Stratanenko ◽  
Natalia Zhuravleva ◽  
Natalia Strelkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Barents Sea ◽  
Haplotype Diversity ◽  
Brittle Star ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Svalbard Archipelago ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi ◽  
The Barents Sea

Ophiura sarsii is a common brittle star species across the Arctic and Sub-Arctic regions of the Atlantic and the Pacific oceans. Ophiurasarsii is among the dominant echinoderms in the Barents Sea. We studied the genetic diversity of O.sarsii by sequencing the 548 bp fragment of the mitochondrial COI gene. Ophiurasarsii demonstrated high genetic diversity in the Barents Sea. Both major Atlantic mtDNA lineages were present in the Barents Sea and were evenly distributed between the northern waters around Svalbard archipelago and the southern part near Murmansk coast of Kola Peninsula. Both regions, and other parts of the O.sarsii range, were characterized by high haplotype diversity with a significant number of private haplotypes being mostly satellites to the two dominant haplotypes, each belonging to a different mtDNA clade. Demographic analyses indicated that the demographic and spatial expansion of O.sarsii in the Barents Sea most plausibly has started in the Bølling–Allerød interstadial during the deglaciation of the western margin of the Barents Sea.

Investigation of insecticide-resistance status of Cydia pomonella in Chinese populations

2015 ◽  
Vol 105 (3) ◽  
pp. 316-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
X.-Q. Yang ◽  
Y.-L. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Cydia Pomonella ◽  
Resistance Mutation ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Northwestern China ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Native Page ◽  
Chinese Populations ◽  
Care Activity ◽  
Chlorpyrifos Ethyl

AbstractThe codling moth Cydia pomonella (L.) is an economically important fruit pest and it has been directly targeted by insecticides worldwide. Serious resistance to insecticides has been reported in many countries. As one of the most serious invasive pest, the codling moth has populated several areas in China. However, resistance to insecticides has not been reported in China. We investigated the insecticide-resistance status of four field populations from Northwestern China by applying bioassays, enzyme activities, and mutation detections. Diagnostic concentrations of lambda-cyhalothrin, chlorpyrifos-ethyl, carbaryl, and imidacloprid were determined and used in bioassays. Field populations were less susceptible to chlorpyrifos-ethyl and carbaryl than laboratory strain. Insensitive populations displayed an elevated glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) activity. Reduced carboxylesterase (CarE) activity was observed in some insecticide insensitive populations and reduced acetylcholinesterase activity was observed only in the Wuw population. The cytochrome P450 polysubstrate monooxygenases activities in four field populations were not found to be different from susceptible strains. Neither the known-resistance mutation F399V in the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) gene, ace1, nor mutations in CarE gene CpCE-1 were found in adult individuals from our field populations. Native-PAGE revealed that various CarE isozymes and AChE insensitivity were occurring among Chinese populations. Our results indicate that codling moth populations from Northwestern China were insensitivity to chlorpyrifos-ethyl and carbaryl. Increased GST activity was responsible for insecticides insensitivity. Decreased CarE activity, as well as the presence of CarE and AChE polymorphisms might also be involved in insecticides insensitivity. New management strategies for managing this pest are discussed.

scholarly journals Weak Population Structure of Perna Viridis in Indo-Pacific Region based on Nuclear and Mitochondrial DNA Marker

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingying Ye ◽  
Chengrui Yan ◽  
Ferruccio Maltagliati ◽  
Zeqin Fu ◽  
Baoying Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Haplotype Diversity ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Perna Viridis ◽  
Thai Population ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi ◽  
Loop Region ◽  
D Loop

Abstract Perna viridis is a mussel commonly distributed along the Asian Indo-Pacific coasts. It is one of the main cultured species of that region. Previous studies focused mostly on the native populations within single countries; with the present study we analyzed the genetic diversity of P. viridis in a large study area, spanning from Oman to southern China. Three molecular markers were used, namely portions of the nuclear ITS region, and the mitochondrial COI gene and D-Loop region. The nuclear marker showed moderate levels of genetic diversity (haplotype diversity h = 0.543 to 0.897) and nucleotide diversity π = 0.0022 to 0.0064); whereas mitochondrial markers exhibited higher levels of genetic variability (h = 0.858 to 0.964 and π = 0.0012 to 0.0079). The estimates of inter-sample genetic divergence (FST) and the analysis of molecular variance highlighted that the Thai population is genetically divergent from the others. Our results showed the genetic variation of P. viridis at the rim of South China Sea and obtained the genetic basic information of P. viridis.

scholarly journals The puzzling mitochondrial phylogeography of the black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens), the commercially most important insect protein species

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunilla Ståhls ◽  
Rudolf Meier ◽  
Christoph Sandrock ◽  
Martin Hauser ◽  
Ljiljana Šašić Zorić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Haplotype Diversity ◽  
28S Rdna ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Invasion History ◽  
Black Soldier Fly ◽  
Hermetia Illucens ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi ◽  
Western Palearctic ◽  
Biogeographic Regions

Abstract Background The black soldier fly (Diptera: Stratiomyidae, Hermetia illucens ) is renowned for bioconversion ability of organic waste, and is the worldwide most widely used source of insect protein. Despite varying extensively in morphology, it is widely assumed that all black soldier flies belong to the same species, Hermetia illucens . We here use genetic data of 424 rearing culture and wild caught fly samples from 38 countries and six biogeographic regions to test this assumption based on data for three genes (mitochondrial COI, nuclear ITS2 & 28S rDNA). Results Our study reveals a surprisingly high level of intraspecific genetic diversity for the mitochondrial COI gene (divergences up to 4.9%). This level of variability is often associated with the presence of multiple species, but tested nuclear ITS2 and 28S rDNA markers are invariant and fly strain hybridization experiments under laboratory conditions revealed reproductive compatibility. COI haplotype diversity is not only very high in all biogeographic regions (54 distinct haplotypes in total), but also in breeding facilities and research centers from six continents (10 haplotypes: divergences up to 4.3%). The high genetic diversity in fly-breeding facilities is mostly likely explained by many independent acquisitions of cultures via sharing and/or establishing new colonies from wild-caught flies. However, explaining the observed high diversity in most biogeographic regions is difficult. The origin of the species is considered to be New World (32 distinct haplotypes) and one would expect severely reduced genetic diversity in the putatively non-native populations in the remaining biogeographic regions. But distinct, private haplotypes are also known from the Australasian (N=2), Oriental (N=4), and the Palearctic (N=5) populations. We review museum specimen records and conclude that the evidence for introductions is strong for the Western Palearctic and the Afrotropical regions which lack distinct, private haplotypes. Conclusions Based on the results of this paper, we urge the black soldier fly community to apply molecular characterization (genotyping) of the fly strains used in artificial fly-breeding and to share this data in research publications and when sharing cultures. In addition, fast-evolving nuclear markers should be used to reconstruct the recent invasion history of the species.

scholarly journals Phylogeography of the Brittle Star Ophiura sarsii Lütken, 1855 (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) from the Barents Sea and East Atlantic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evgeny Genelt-Yanovskiy ◽  
Yixuan Li ◽  
Ekaterina Stratanenko ◽  
Natalia Zhuravleva ◽  
Natalia Strelkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Barents Sea ◽  
Haplotype Diversity ◽  
Brittle Star ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Svalbard Archipelago ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi ◽  
The Barents Sea ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi Gene

Ophiura sarsii is a common brittle star species across Arctic and subarctic regions of Atlantic and Pacific oceans. In the Barents Sea O. sarsii is among the dominant echinoderms. We studied genetic diversity of O. sarsii by sequencing the 548 bp fragment of mitochondrial COI gene. O.sarsii demonstrated high genetic diversity in the Barents Sea. Both major Atlantic mtDNA lineages were present in the Barents Sea and were evenly distributed between the northern waters around Svalbard archipelago and the southern part near Murmansk coast of Kola Peninsula. Both regions, as well as other parts of the O.sarsii range, were characterized by high haplotype diversity with a significant number of private haplotypes, being mostly satellites to the two dominant haplotypes, each belonging to a different mtDNA clade. Demographic analyses indicated that the demographic and spatial expansion of Ophiura sarsii in the Barents Sea most plausibly has started during the Bølling–Allerød interstadial, during the deglaciation of the western margin of the Barents Sea.

scholarly journals The puzzling mitochondrial phylogeography of the black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens), the commercially most important insect protein species

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunilla Ståhls ◽  
Rudolf Meier ◽  
Christoph Sandrock ◽  
Martin Hauser ◽  
Ljiljana Šašić Zorić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Haplotype Diversity ◽  
28S Rdna ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Invasion History ◽  
Black Soldier Fly ◽  
Hermetia Illucens ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi ◽  
Western Palearctic ◽  
Biogeographic Regions

Abstract Background The black soldier fly (Diptera: Stratiomyidae, Hermetia illucens) is renowned for bioconversion ability of organic waste, and is the worldwide most widely used source of insect protein. Despite varying extensively in morphology, it is widely assumed that all black soldier flies belong to the same species, Hermetia illucens. We here use genetic data of 424 rearing culture and wild caught fly samples from 38 countries and six biogeographic regions to test this assumption based on data for three genes (mitochondrial COI, nuclear ITS2 & 28S rDNA). Results Our study reveals a surprisingly high level of intraspecific genetic diversity for the mitochondrial COI gene (divergences up to 4.9%). This level of variability is often associated with the presence of multiple species, but tested nuclear ITS2 and 28S rDNA markers are invariant and fly strain hybridization experiments under laboratory conditions revealed reproductive compatibility. COI haplotype diversity is not only very high in all biogeographic regions (54 distinct haplotypes in total), but also in breeding facilities and research centers from six continents (10 haplotypes: divergences up to 4.3%). The high genetic diversity in fly-breeding facilities is mostly likely explained by many independent acquisitions of cultures via sharing and/or establishing new colonies from wild-caught flies. However, explaining the observed high diversity in most biogeographic regions is difficult. The origin of the species is considered to be New World (32 distinct haplotypes) and one would expect severely reduced genetic diversity in the putatively non-native populations in the remaining biogeographic regions. But distinct, private haplotypes are also known from the Australasian (N=2), Oriental (N=4), and the Palearctic (N=5) populations. We review museum specimen records and conclude that the evidence for introductions is strong for the Western Palearctic and the Afrotropical regions which lack distinct, private haplotypes. Conclusions Based on the results of this paper, we urge the black soldier fly community to apply molecular characterization (genotyping) of the fly strains used in artificial fly-breeding and to share this data in research publications and when sharing cultures. In addition, fast-evolving nuclear markers should be used to reconstruct the recent invasion history of the species.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Selective Signature Analysis Revealed Insecticide Resistance Mechanisms in Cydia pomonella

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
Wen-Ting Dai ◽  
Jin Li ◽  
Li-Ping Ban
Keyword(s):  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Glycine Receptor ◽  
Cydia Pomonella ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Cross Resistance

The codling moth, Cydia pomonella L. (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae), is a serious invasive pest of pome fruits. Currently, C. pomonella management mainly relies on the application of insecticides, which have driven the development of resistance in the insect. Understanding the genetic mechanisms of insecticide resistance is of great significance for developing new pest resistance management techniques and formulating effective resistance management strategies. Using existing genome resequencing data, we performed selective sweep analysis by comparing two resistant strains and one susceptible strain of the insect pest and identified seven genes, among which, two (glycine receptor and glutamate receptor) were under strong insecticide selection, suggesting their functional importance in insecticide resistance. We also found that eight genes including CYP6B2, CYP307a1, 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor, cuticle protein, and acetylcholinesterase, are potentially involved in cross-resistance to azinphos-methyl and deltamethrin. Moreover, among several P450s identified as positively selected genes, CYP6B2, CYP4C1, and CYP4d2 showed the highest expression level in larva compared to other stages tested, and CYP6B2 also showed the highest expression level in midgut, supporting the roles they may play in insecticide metabolism. Our results provide several potential genes that can be studied further to advance understanding of complexity of insecticide resistance mechanisms in C. pomonella.

scholarly journals Monthly Weather Forecasts in a Pest Forecasting Context: Downscaling, Recalibration, and Skill Improvement

2012 ◽  
Vol 51 (9) ◽  
pp. 1633-1638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Hirschi ◽  
Christoph Spirig ◽  
Andreas P. Weigel ◽  
Pierluigi Calanca ◽  
Jörg Samietz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pest ◽  
Cydia Pomonella ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Lead Times ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Weather Forecasts ◽  
Weather Information ◽  
Agricultural Applications ◽  
Resampling Procedure ◽  
Skill Improvement

AbstractMonthly weather forecasts (MOFCs) were shown to have skill in extratropical continental regions for lead times up to 3 weeks, in particular for temperature and if weekly averaged. This skill could be exploited in practical applications for implementations exhibiting some degree of memory or inertia toward meteorological drivers, potentially even for longer lead times. Many agricultural applications fall into these categories because of the temperature-dependent development of biological organisms, allowing simulations that are based on temperature sums. Most such agricultural models require local weather information at daily or even hourly temporal resolution, however, preventing direct use of the spatially and temporally aggregated information of MOFCs, which may furthermore be subject to significant biases. By the example of forecasting the timing of life-phase occurrences of the codling moth (Cydia pomonella), which is a major insect pest in apple orchards worldwide, the authors investigate the application of downscaled weekly temperature anomalies of MOFCs for use in an impact model requiring hourly input. The downscaling and postprocessing included the use of a daily weather generator and a resampling procedure for creating hourly weather series and the application of a recalibration technique to correct for the original underconfidence of the forecast occurrences of codling moth life phases. Results show a clear skill improvement of up to 3 days in root-mean-square error over the full forecast range when incorporating MOFCs as compared with deterministic benchmark forecasts using climatological information for predicting the timing of codling moth life phases.

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