Investigation of insecticide-resistance status of Cydia pomonella in Chinese populations

AbstractThe codling moth Cydia pomonella (L.) is an economically important fruit pest and it has been directly targeted by insecticides worldwide. Serious resistance to insecticides has been reported in many countries. As one of the most serious invasive pest, the codling moth has populated several areas in China. However, resistance to insecticides has not been reported in China. We investigated the insecticide-resistance status of four field populations from Northwestern China by applying bioassays, enzyme activities, and mutation detections. Diagnostic concentrations of lambda-cyhalothrin, chlorpyrifos-ethyl, carbaryl, and imidacloprid were determined and used in bioassays. Field populations were less susceptible to chlorpyrifos-ethyl and carbaryl than laboratory strain. Insensitive populations displayed an elevated glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) activity. Reduced carboxylesterase (CarE) activity was observed in some insecticide insensitive populations and reduced acetylcholinesterase activity was observed only in the Wuw population. The cytochrome P450 polysubstrate monooxygenases activities in four field populations were not found to be different from susceptible strains. Neither the known-resistance mutation F399V in the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) gene, ace1, nor mutations in CarE gene CpCE-1 were found in adult individuals from our field populations. Native-PAGE revealed that various CarE isozymes and AChE insensitivity were occurring among Chinese populations. Our results indicate that codling moth populations from Northwestern China were insensitivity to chlorpyrifos-ethyl and carbaryl. Increased GST activity was responsible for insecticides insensitivity. Decreased CarE activity, as well as the presence of CarE and AChE polymorphisms might also be involved in insecticides insensitivity. New management strategies for managing this pest are discussed.

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A chromosome-level genome assembly of Cydia pomonella provides insights into chemical ecology and insecticide resistance

Nature Communications ◽

10.1038/s41467-019-12175-9 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Fanghao Wan ◽

Chuanlin Yin ◽

Rui Tang ◽

Maohua Chen ◽

Qiang Wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insecticide Resistance ◽

Genome Assembly ◽

Association Studies ◽

Receptor Gene ◽

Cydia Pomonella ◽

Codling Moth ◽

Invasive Pest ◽

Z Chromosome ◽

Genome Wide Association Studies ◽

Chromosome Level

Abstract The codling moth Cydia pomonella, a major invasive pest of pome fruit, has spread around the globe in the last half century. We generated a chromosome-level scaffold assembly including the Z chromosome and a portion of the W chromosome. This assembly reveals the duplication of an olfactory receptor gene (OR3), which we demonstrate enhances the ability of C. pomonella to exploit kairomones and pheromones in locating both host plants and mates. Genome-wide association studies contrasting insecticide-resistant and susceptible strains identify hundreds of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) potentially associated with insecticide resistance, including three SNPs found in the promoter of CYP6B2. RNAi knockdown of CYP6B2 increases C. pomonella sensitivity to two insecticides, deltamethrin and azinphos methyl. The high-quality genome assembly of C. pomonella informs the genetic basis of its invasiveness, suggesting the codling moth has distinctive capabilities and adaptive potential that may explain its worldwide expansion.

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Genome-Wide Selective Signature Analysis Revealed Insecticide Resistance Mechanisms in Cydia pomonella

Insects ◽

10.3390/insects13010002 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 2

Author(s):

Wen-Ting Dai ◽

Jin Li ◽

Li-Ping Ban

Keyword(s):

Insecticide Resistance ◽

Insect Pest ◽

Glycine Receptor ◽

Cydia Pomonella ◽

Resistance Management ◽

Codling Moth ◽

Resistance Mechanisms ◽

Expression Level ◽

Invasive Pest ◽

Cross Resistance

The codling moth, Cydia pomonella L. (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae), is a serious invasive pest of pome fruits. Currently, C. pomonella management mainly relies on the application of insecticides, which have driven the development of resistance in the insect. Understanding the genetic mechanisms of insecticide resistance is of great significance for developing new pest resistance management techniques and formulating effective resistance management strategies. Using existing genome resequencing data, we performed selective sweep analysis by comparing two resistant strains and one susceptible strain of the insect pest and identified seven genes, among which, two (glycine receptor and glutamate receptor) were under strong insecticide selection, suggesting their functional importance in insecticide resistance. We also found that eight genes including CYP6B2, CYP307a1, 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor, cuticle protein, and acetylcholinesterase, are potentially involved in cross-resistance to azinphos-methyl and deltamethrin. Moreover, among several P450s identified as positively selected genes, CYP6B2, CYP4C1, and CYP4d2 showed the highest expression level in larva compared to other stages tested, and CYP6B2 also showed the highest expression level in midgut, supporting the roles they may play in insecticide metabolism. Our results provide several potential genes that can be studied further to advance understanding of complexity of insecticide resistance mechanisms in C. pomonella.

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Mitochondrial DNA revealed the extent of genetic diversity and invasion origin of populations from two separate invaded areas of a newly invasive pest,Cydia pomonella(L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in China

Bulletin of Entomological Research ◽

10.1017/s0007485315000334 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 105 (4) ◽

pp. 485-496 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Y. Li ◽

X. Duan ◽

X. Qiao ◽

X. Li ◽

K. Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Continuous Monitoring ◽

Insect Pest ◽

Cydia Pomonella ◽

Haplotype Diversity ◽

Northwestern China ◽

Invasive Pest ◽

Mitochondrial Coi ◽

Similar Haplotype ◽

Northeast Of China

AbstractCydia pomonellais a serious invasive insect pest in China, and has caused severe damage to the production of apple and pear in its invaded areas. This species is distributing in the northwest and northeast of China, but no occurrence of it has been recorded in the large areas (about 3000–5000 km away) between the invaded northwestern and northeastern regions despite continuous monitoring. As yet the genetic diversity and invasion origin of theC. pomonellapopulations in Northwestern and Northeastern China is obscure. In this study, we investigate the genetic diversity of 14 populations ofC. pomonellasampled throughout the main distribution regions in Northwestern (Xinjiang and Gansu Provinces) and Northeastern (Heilongjiang Province) China and compared them with nine populations from Europe and other continents using the mitochondrial COI, COII and Cytb genes. Both the populations from Northeastern and Northwestern China shared some haplotypes with populations from other countries. Haplotypes of the three mitochondrial genes had a different distribution in Northeastern and Northwestern China. The northeastern populations had more private haplotypes than the northwestern populations. A large number of the individuals from northwestern populations shared a few haplotypes of each of the three genes. The haplotype numbers and haplotype diversities of the northeastern populations were similar to those of field populations in other countries, but were higher than those of the northwestern populations. Populations from the Northwestern China showed similar haplotype number and haplotype diversity. We conclude that the population genetic background ofC. pomonellapopulations in Northeastern and Northwestern China varies due to different invasion sources and that this should be considered before the application of new pest control tactics.

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Diversity of insecticide resistance mechanisms and spectrum in European populations of the codling moth,Cydia pomonella

Pest Management Science ◽

10.1002/ps.1421 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 63 (9) ◽

pp. 890-902 ◽

Cited By ~ 105

Author(s):

Maritza Reyes ◽

Pierre Franck ◽

Pierre-Joseph Charmillot ◽

Claudio Ioriatti ◽

Jérôme Olivares ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insecticide Resistance ◽

Cydia Pomonella ◽

Codling Moth ◽

Resistance Mechanisms ◽

European Populations

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Occurrence of pyrethroid resistance mutation in Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) throughout Argentina

Bulletin of Entomological Research ◽

10.1017/s0007485319000439 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 110 (2) ◽

pp. 201-206 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

J. Soleño ◽

L.B. Parra-Morales ◽

L. Cichón ◽

S. Garrido ◽

N. Guiñazú ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pyrethroid Resistance ◽

Cydia Pomonella ◽

Resistance Mutation ◽

Codling Moth ◽

Low Frequencies ◽

Pyrethroid Insecticides ◽

Rio Negro ◽

Lambda Cyhalothrin ◽

Production Area ◽

Main Production

AbstractPyrethroid insecticides were intensively used against Cydia pomonella in the Río Negro and Neuquén valley, main production area of pome fruits in Argentina. Therefore, the first objective was to evaluate lambda-cyhalothrin resistance levels in C. pomonella larvae from orchards in this area that are currently under pyrethroids treatments. The second objective was to evaluate the frequency of kdr mutation in C. pomonella across Argentina. High levels of resistance to lambda-cyhalothrin (resistance ratios > 30) were determined in all the populations evaluated. The L1014F (kdr) mutation was evaluated in 355 diapausing larvae collected in 12 orchards from San Juan to Santa Cruz provinces (1690 km away from each other). The highest frequency of kdr mutation was determined in larvae from the Río Negro and Neuquén valley (0.61), followed by those from Mendoza (0.36). The kdr allele was absent or present at very low frequencies in orchards subjected to low pyrethroid pressure. The frequency of detection of kdr mutation in C. pomonella from Argentina is related to the use of pyrethroids against this pest in different areas. Target-site insensitivity is, at least, one of the mechanisms involved in resistance to lambda-cyhalothrin in codling moth from the Río Negro and Neuquén valley.

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Pest Management Challenges and Control Practices in Codling Moth: A Review

Insects ◽

10.3390/insects11010038 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 38 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Martina Kadoić Balaško ◽

Renata Bažok ◽

Katarina M. Mikac ◽

Darija Lemic ◽

Ivana Pajač Živković

Keyword(s):

Insecticide Resistance ◽

Insect Pest ◽

Cydia Pomonella ◽

Genetic Research ◽

Codling Moth ◽

Fruit Production ◽

Control Measures ◽

Effective Control ◽

Pome Fruit ◽

Proactive Management

The codling moth, Cydia pomonella L., is a serious insect pest in pome fruit production worldwide with a preference for apple. The pest is known for having developed resistance to several chemical groups of insecticides, making its control difficult. The control and management of the codling moth is often hindered by a lack of understanding about its biology and ecology, including aspects of its population genetics. This review summarizes the information about the origin and biology of the codling moth, describes the mechanisms of resistance in this pest, and provides an overview of current research of resistant pest populations and genetic research both in Europe and globally. The main focus of this review is on non-pesticide control measures and anti-resistance strategies which help to reduce the number of chemical pesticides used and their residues on food and the local environment. Regular monitoring for insecticide resistance is essential for proactive management to mitigate potential insecticide resistance. Here we describe techniques for the detection of resistant variants and possibilities for monitoring resistance populations. Also, we present our present work on developing new methods to maintain effective control using appropriate integrated resistance management (IRM) strategies for this economically important perennial pest.

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Pleiotropy of insecticide resistance in the codling moth, Cydia pomonella

Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata ◽

10.1046/j.1570-7458.2001.00838.x ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 99 (3) ◽

pp. 381-386 ◽

Cited By ~ 53

Author(s):

Thomas Boivin ◽

Cécile Chabert D'Hières ◽

Jean C. Bouvier ◽

Dominique Beslay ◽

Benoît Sauphanor

Keyword(s):

Insecticide Resistance ◽

Cydia Pomonella ◽

Codling Moth

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Insecticide resistance may enhance the response to a host-plant volatile kairomone for the codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.)

The Science of Nature ◽

10.1007/s00114-007-0222-6 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 94 (6) ◽

pp. 449-458 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Benoît Sauphanor ◽

Pierre Franck ◽

Thérèse Lasnier ◽

Jean-François Toubon ◽

Dominique Beslay ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insecticide Resistance ◽

Host Plant ◽

Cydia Pomonella ◽

Codling Moth ◽

Host Plant Volatile ◽

Plant Volatile

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Phenological segregation of insecticide resistance alleles in the codling moth Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae): a case study of ecological divergences associated with adaptive changes in populations

Genetics Research ◽

10.1017/s0016672303006244 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 81 (3) ◽

pp. 169-177 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

THOMAS BOIVIN ◽

JEAN-CHARLES BOUVIER ◽

DOMINIQUE BESLAY ◽

BENOIT SAUPHANOR

Keyword(s):

Insecticide Resistance ◽

Cydia Pomonella ◽

Codling Moth ◽

Reproductive Season ◽

Pleiotropic Effects ◽

Adaptive Changes ◽

South Eastern ◽

Trade Offs ◽

Seasonal Regulation ◽

Selection For

Intrapopulation variability in the seasonal regulation of insect lifecycles has been shown to be due partly to genetic changes. Selection for insecticide resistance in the codling moth Cydia pomonella results from allelic substitution at two to three loci in south-eastern French populations of this species. However, such an adaptive process has been associated with an increased heterogeneity in the developmental responses to climatic factors such as temperature. In this paper, we investigate whether such pleiotropic effects of resistance on development induce a significant discrepancy in seasonal regulation in this species. The seasonal changes in a susceptible and two insecticide-resistant homozygous genotypes of C. pomonella, as well as their reciprocal F1 progeny, were followed under natural conditions during the reproductive season through the emergence events of adults, within-generation developmental rates and the number of generations. A significant delay in the occurrences of homozygous resistant genotypes resulted from significantly lower pre-imaginal developmental times relative to homozygous susceptible ones. Subsequent assessment of the number of generations indicated significantly higher diapause propensities in carriers of the resistance alleles (37·0–76·2%) than in susceptible homozygotes (6·7%), which mostly pupated towards a third generation of adults. In the light of these findings, pleiotropic effects of adaptive changes might be a crucial source of divergence in seasonal regulation at the population level, involving significant life-history trade-offs. In addition to man-made selective factors during the reproductive season, such an effect on the lifecycle could be a key component in the process of selection for resistance genes in south-eastern France C. pomonella populations.

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