Life Cycle, Generational and Period Effects on Protest Potential in Yeltsin's Russia

2008 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 437-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olena Nikolayenko
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
World Values Survey ◽  
Communist State ◽  
Period Effects ◽  
The World ◽  
Cycle De Vie ◽  
Europe De L’Est ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Social Turmoil

Abstract. Regime change in Eastern Europe affords an excellent opportunity for investigating linkages between age and politics in times of social turmoil. Using data from three waves of the World Values Survey, this paper explores life cycle, generational and period effects on protest potential in Yeltsin's Russia. The study finds that an individual's position in the life cycle is the strongest predictor of protest potential in the post-communist state. Furthermore, the analysis suggests that citizens socialized during periods of relative socioeconomic stability exhibit the highest protest potential under conditions of uncertainty characteristic of the transition period.Résumé. Les changements de régime en Europe de l'Est permettent d'examiner la relation complexe entre l'âge et la politique pendant les périodes d'instabilité sociale. S'appuyant sur les données de trois vagues du World Values Survey (sondage mondial sur les valeurs), cet article explore l'incidence du cycle de vie, de la génération et de la période sur le potentiel protestataire dans la Russie d'Eltsine. L'étude démontre que la position de l'individu dans le cycle de vie est le plus puissant facteur de prédiction du potentiel protestataire dans la société postcommuniste. En outre, les citoyens socialisés pendant des périodes de relative stabilité socio-économique présentent le potentiel protestataire le plus élevé dans des conditions d'incertitude caractéristiques de la période de transition.

Institutional anomie and justification of morally dubious behavior and violence cross-nationally: A multilevel examination

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 250-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rena C Zito
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
National Level ◽  
Financial Hardship ◽  
World Values Survey ◽  
Institutional Anomie Theory ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
Anomie Theory ◽  
Cultural Systems ◽  
The World ◽  
Using Data

This study draws on insights from institutional anomie theory to examine justification of morally dubious behavior and violence cross-nationally. Further, it builds on a burgeoning body of multilevel institutional anomie theory and research on crime-relevant attitudes by considering whether and how individual financial hardship intersects with anomic structural and cultural systems at the national level, acknowledging that individual responses to anomie may be contingent upon experiences with such hardships. Results from multilevel modeling using data from 74,930 World Values Survey respondents in 52 nations, the World Bank, and other organizations provide partial support for the hypotheses. Specifically, conditions of “want amid plenty,” (Bjerregaard & Cochran, 2008a, p. 183) weakened family and education institutions, and monetary fetishism predict justifications cross-nationally. Moreover, economic inequality and individualism moderate the effect of financial hardship on justifications of morally dubious actions and violence, consistent with expectations.

scholarly journals Ethical Distance and Difference in Bilateral Trade

2012 ◽  
pp. 420-441
Author(s):  
Bala Ramasamy ◽  
Matthew C.H. Yeung
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
World Values Survey ◽  
The World ◽  
Using Data

Cultural, institutional, and psychic distances between countries are critical determinants of bilateral trade. In this paper we examine if ethical distance and difference between an exporting country and an importing country matter in international trade. Using data from 53 countries that participated in the World Values Survey, we show that the closer the ethical distance between countries the greater the trade. We also find that the ethicality of importers matter more than exporters as a determinant of bilateral trade.

scholarly journals Good Without God? Connecting Religiosity, Affiliation And Pro-sociality Using World Values Survey Data And Agent-based Simulation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross Gore ◽  
Phil Zuckerman ◽  
Luke W Galen ◽  
David Pollack ◽  
LeRon Shults
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
World Values Survey ◽  
Simulation Experiments ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Insight Into

We investigate the relationships among individuals' religiosity (or secularity), affiliation with like-minded religious others, volunteerism, and trust and tolerance. Using data analysis of the World Values Survey, we pose and answer research questions about the types of individuals who are the most trusting, the most tolerant, and who volunteer the most. We show how distinguishing between different types of volunteer activities and using longitudinal data can provide more insight into these questions. We also use an established agent-based model to generate measures similar to those operationalized in the World Values Survey. We then reproduce the findings of the World Values Survey data analysis and extract the internal dynamics of simulation experiments (under a reasonable parameterization of the model) to provide an explanation for those findings.

scholarly journals The values of survival: Socio-cultural values predict COVID-19-related mortality

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ansgar D Endress
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Disease Susceptibility ◽  
Population Level ◽  
World Values Survey ◽  
Prediction Errors ◽  
Trust In Institutions ◽  
The World ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Related Mortality

Preexisting conditions affect disease susceptibility. Here, I show that socio-cultural values are population-level risk factors for disease. Using data from the World Values Survey, I show that, between 2 weeks and 6 months after the first COVID-19-related death in a country, COVID-19-related mortality is increased in countries endorsing values related to political participation, but decreased in countries with more trust in institutions and materialistic orientations. After controlling for income, age, urbanicity, smoking, overweight, private health expenditure and lockdown delay, these socio-cultural values were consistent across country-sets, reduced prediction errors by up to 52% and explained up to 68% of inter-country variability. They were relatively specific to COVID-19-related mortality. I could not identify values predicting general health outcomes, and values predicting increased COVID-19-related mortality predicted decreased mortality due to other causes like environmental-related mortality, explaining up to 90% of inter-country variability. Socio-cultural values might be specific predictors of health outcomes.

Political cultures: measuring values heterogeneity

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 571-579
Author(s):  
Lisa Blaydes ◽  
Justin Grimmer
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Model ◽  
Statistical Approach ◽  
World Values Survey ◽  
Cultural Heterogeneity ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Political Cultures ◽  
The World ◽  
Using Data

AbstractUsing data from the World Values Survey, we analyze the extent to which value consensus exists within countries. To do this, we introduce a statistical model which allows us to generate country-level measures of cultural heterogeneity. Our statistical approach models each country as a mixture of subcultures that are shared across the world. Our results demonstrate that value consensus varies substantially across countries and regions.

scholarly journals Measuring Value Diversity within Countries

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sjoerd Beugelsdijk ◽  
Mariko J. Klasing
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Human Values ◽  
World Values Survey ◽  
The World ◽  
European Values ◽  
Value Diversity ◽  
European Values Study ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Diversity Research

Diversity research has shown that ethno-linguistic, religious, and genetic diversity are related to a variety of socio-economic outcomes. We complement this literature by focusing on a dimension of diversity so far ignored in diversity research for lack of data: Diversity in key human values. Using data from all available waves of the World Values Survey and the European Values Study we develop a multi-item indicator of value diversity. This measure reflects the extent to which key human values are shared among the inhabitants of a country. Our newly developed measure is available for up to 111 countries and three decades (1981-2014). We conclude by comparing our newly developed measure of value diversity with existing measures of social diversity and relating it to various indicator of socio-economic performance.

Authoritarianism, Institutional Confidence, and Willingness to Engage in Collective Action

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 392-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elliot Weiner ◽  
Christopher M. Federico
Keyword(s):  
Collective Action ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Psychological Needs ◽  
World Values Survey ◽  
The World ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Action Tendencies ◽  
Cross National ◽  
Willingness To Engage

The antecedents of collective action have received considerable attention in psychology, political science, and sociology. However, few studies have addressed the extent to which individual differences in psychological needs, motives, and traits predict collective action tendencies. In the present study, we focus on an especially important individual difference: authoritarianism. We examined three key hypotheses: (1) that authoritarianism would be associated with lower willingness to engage in collective action (net of other factors known to predict protest), (2) that the negative relationship between authoritarianism and collective action would be stronger among the politically engaged; and (3) that the negative relationship between authoritarianism and collective action would be weaker among those who lacked confidence in major social institutions. Using data from three independent waves of the World Values Survey, we find cross-national evidence supporting all three hypotheses.

Political Participation over the Life Cycle

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kay Lehman Schlozman ◽  
Sidney Verba ◽  
Henry E. Brady
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Political Activity ◽  
Period Effects ◽  
The Social ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Physical Changes ◽  
Election Studies ◽  
Life Cycle Effects

This chapter considers the disparities in political activity on the basis of age and what their implications for the representation of the opinions, concerns, and needs of all are. It attempts, in short, to analyze life-cycle, cohort, and period effects. Life-cycle effects refer to the social, psychological, and physical changes that take place as individuals age. In any society, particular experiences tend to correspond to particular stages in the life cycle. Using data from American National Election Studies (ANES) panel studies and from more than a half century of ANES cross-sections, this chapter investigates the origins of gaps among age groups in participation and finds evidence for both cohort and life-cycle effects.

scholarly journals Economic Freedom and People’s Regard for Education

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Horst Feldmann
Keyword(s):  
Economic Freedom ◽  
Returns To Education ◽  
World Values Survey ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Level Data ◽  
The World ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Relevant Factors

AbstractUsing data on 48 countries, this paper finds that people in economically freer countries care more about education. This is probably mainly because economic freedom enables them and their children to achieve higher returns to education. The magnitude of the estimated effect is substantial. The paper combines individual-level data from the World Values Survey with country-level data on economic freedom and other relevant factors. It controls for all relevant characteristics of survey respondents as well as for potentially confounding country-level characteristics. It also addresses potential endogeneity of economic freedom.

scholarly journals Is Self-Expression Chic? Globalisation, Value Change and Convergence in Latin America

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-48
Author(s):  
Henrique Carlos De Oliveira De Castro ◽  
Daniel Capistrano ◽  
Sonia Ranincheski ◽  
Elvis Bisong Tambe
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Latin America ◽  
National Level ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
World Values Survey ◽  
Value Change ◽  
The World ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Material Conditions ◽  
Main Factor

The literature concerning human values change, argues the main factor driving increasing levels of secularization and self-expression is the improvement of material conditions. In fact, studies succeeded to present evidence of the strong relationship between GDP and post-materialist attitudes at the national level. Still, in this study, we demonstrate this relationship is not as strong in Latin America. Based on the theory of mass-elite convergence of values, we argue that the main factor driving value change in Latin America is globalisation and not economic development. With globalisation, attitudes and values hitherto exclusive to the elites became socially desirable and praised (chic) resulting in their massive dissemination. Using data from the World Values Survey, we confirm that variables related to material conditions are the best predictor for secularization and self-expression among Western European countries. However, in Latin America, the effects of economic development are weaker, and the evidence indicates that variables related to social globalisation are more important to explain value change patterns.

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