scholarly journals Good Without God? Connecting Religiosity, Affiliation And Pro-sociality Using World Values Survey Data And Agent-based Simulation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross Gore ◽  
Phil Zuckerman ◽  
Luke W Galen ◽  
David Pollack ◽  
LeRon Shults
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
World Values Survey ◽  
Simulation Experiments ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Insight Into

We investigate the relationships among individuals' religiosity (or secularity), affiliation with like-minded religious others, volunteerism, and trust and tolerance. Using data analysis of the World Values Survey, we pose and answer research questions about the types of individuals who are the most trusting, the most tolerant, and who volunteer the most. We show how distinguishing between different types of volunteer activities and using longitudinal data can provide more insight into these questions. We also use an established agent-based model to generate measures similar to those operationalized in the World Values Survey. We then reproduce the findings of the World Values Survey data analysis and extract the internal dynamics of simulation experiments (under a reasonable parameterization of the model) to provide an explanation for those findings.

Life Cycle, Generational and Period Effects on Protest Potential in Yeltsin's Russia

2008 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 437-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olena Nikolayenko
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
World Values Survey ◽  
Communist State ◽  
Period Effects ◽  
The World ◽  
Cycle De Vie ◽  
Europe De L’Est ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Social Turmoil

Abstract. Regime change in Eastern Europe affords an excellent opportunity for investigating linkages between age and politics in times of social turmoil. Using data from three waves of the World Values Survey, this paper explores life cycle, generational and period effects on protest potential in Yeltsin's Russia. The study finds that an individual's position in the life cycle is the strongest predictor of protest potential in the post-communist state. Furthermore, the analysis suggests that citizens socialized during periods of relative socioeconomic stability exhibit the highest protest potential under conditions of uncertainty characteristic of the transition period.Résumé. Les changements de régime en Europe de l'Est permettent d'examiner la relation complexe entre l'âge et la politique pendant les périodes d'instabilité sociale. S'appuyant sur les données de trois vagues du World Values Survey (sondage mondial sur les valeurs), cet article explore l'incidence du cycle de vie, de la génération et de la période sur le potentiel protestataire dans la Russie d'Eltsine. L'étude démontre que la position de l'individu dans le cycle de vie est le plus puissant facteur de prédiction du potentiel protestataire dans la société postcommuniste. En outre, les citoyens socialisés pendant des périodes de relative stabilité socio-économique présentent le potentiel protestataire le plus élevé dans des conditions d'incertitude caractéristiques de la période de transition.

Twitter users exhibited coping behaviours during the COVID-19 lockdown: an analysis of tweets using mixed methods

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruchi Mittal ◽  
Wasim Ahmed ◽  
Amit Mittal ◽  
Ishan Aggarwal
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Twitter Data ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The World ◽  
Twitter Users ◽  
The Government ◽  
Using Data

Purpose Using data from Twitter, the purpose of this paper is to assess the coping behaviour and reactions of social media users in response to the initial days of the COVID-19-related lockdown in different parts of the world. Design/methodology/approach This study follows the quasi-inductive approach which allows the development of pre-categories from other theories before the sampling and coding processes begin, for use in those processes. Data was extracted using relevant keywords from Twitter, and a sample was drawn from the Twitter data set to ensure the data is more manageable from a qualitative research standpoint and that meaningful interpretations can be drawn from the data analysis results. The data analysis is discussed in two parts: extraction and classification of data from Twitter using automated sentiment analysis; and qualitative data analysis of a smaller Twitter data sample. Findings This study found that during the lockdown the majority of users on Twitter shared positive opinions towards the lockdown. The results also found that people are keeping themselves engaged and entertained. Governments around the world have also gained support from Twitter users. This is despite the hardships being faced by citizens. The authors also found a number of users expressing negative sentiments. The results also found that several users on Twitter were fence-sitters and their opinions and emotions could swing either way depending on how the pandemic progresses and what action is taken by governments around the world. Research limitations/implications The authors add to the body of literature that has examined Twitter discussions around H1N1 using in-depth qualitative methods and conspiracy theories around COVID-19. In the long run, the government can help citizens develop routines that help the community adapt to a new dangerous environment – this has very effectively been shown in the context of wildfires in the context of disaster management. In the context of this research, the dominance of the positive themes within tweets is promising for policymakers and governments around the world. However, sentiments may wish to be monitored going forward as large-spikes in negative sentiment may highlight lockdown-fatigue. Social implications The psychology of humans during a pandemic can have a profound impact on how COVID-19 shapes up, and this shall also include how people behave with other people and with the larger environment. Lockdowns are the opposite of what societies strive to achieve, i.e. socializing. Originality/value This study is based on original Twitter data collected during the initial days of the COVID-19-induced lockdown. The topic of “lockdowns” and the “COVID-19” pandemic have not been studied together thus far. This study is highly topical.

Values and Corruption

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Kravtsova ◽  
Aleksey Oshchepkov ◽  
Christian Welzel
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
Ecological Effect ◽  
Sociocultural Factors ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
World Values Survey ◽  
Culturally Specific ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
The World ◽  
Moral Attitudes ◽  
The Relationship

Using World Values Survey data from several dozen countries around the world, this article analyzes the relationship between postmaterialist values and bribery (dis)approval in a multilevel framework. We find that people, who place stronger emphasis on postmaterialist values, tend to justify bribery more. However, the “ecological” effect of postmaterialism operates in the exactly opposite direction: A higher prevalence of postmaterialist values induces more bribery disapproval, and especially among postmaterialists themselves. In our view, this happens because the large number of people who internalized postmaterialist values generate positive social externalities which strengthen negative attitudes toward corruption. We outline a theoretical framework that explains why and how these externalities may emerge. Our results contribute to the literature on the sociocultural factors of corruption, provide a better understanding of the complex nature of postmaterialism, and also might be interesting in the light of ongoing discussions on whether moral attitudes are culturally universal or culturally specific.

Cooperative Learning in International Relations

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven L. Lamy
Keyword(s):  
Cooperative Learning ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Specific Task ◽  
Learning Group ◽  
Learning Techniques ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Research Questions

Cooperative learning is a means of providing opportunities for students to work together in an effort to accomplish an assigned intellectual task. There are different types of cooperative learning. In formal settings, students may stay in a learning group for several sessions in order to achieve a specific task. More informal cooperative learning situations usually are temporary or ad hoc groups that are formed by professors to facilitate some form of discussion and learning. In a cooperative learning class, it is important to clearly explain the pedagogical purposes and the required procedures of the course. Instructors should explain how an active learning course works and the responsibilities students have in this kind of course. An effective cooperative learning course demands the instructor’s active participation, as they must monitor the groups, answer research questions, and generally guide the direction of the course discussions. Though there are disadvantages and criticisms against cooperative learning, the study of international relations in particular can benefit from this method. The study of international relations is defined by problems and challenges that are interdisciplinary. Students thus need to be prepared for research and problem-solving in a variety of issue areas. Cooperative learning techniques that provide for the sharing of expertise and research findings with peers provide students with skills that are critical for success in the world today.

Institutional anomie and justification of morally dubious behavior and violence cross-nationally: A multilevel examination

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 250-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rena C Zito
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
National Level ◽  
Financial Hardship ◽  
World Values Survey ◽  
Institutional Anomie Theory ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
Anomie Theory ◽  
Cultural Systems ◽  
The World ◽  
Using Data

This study draws on insights from institutional anomie theory to examine justification of morally dubious behavior and violence cross-nationally. Further, it builds on a burgeoning body of multilevel institutional anomie theory and research on crime-relevant attitudes by considering whether and how individual financial hardship intersects with anomic structural and cultural systems at the national level, acknowledging that individual responses to anomie may be contingent upon experiences with such hardships. Results from multilevel modeling using data from 74,930 World Values Survey respondents in 52 nations, the World Bank, and other organizations provide partial support for the hypotheses. Specifically, conditions of “want amid plenty,” (Bjerregaard & Cochran, 2008a, p. 183) weakened family and education institutions, and monetary fetishism predict justifications cross-nationally. Moreover, economic inequality and individualism moderate the effect of financial hardship on justifications of morally dubious actions and violence, consistent with expectations.

scholarly journals Ethical Distance and Difference in Bilateral Trade

2012 ◽  
pp. 420-441
Author(s):  
Bala Ramasamy ◽  
Matthew C.H. Yeung
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
World Values Survey ◽  
The World ◽  
Using Data

Cultural, institutional, and psychic distances between countries are critical determinants of bilateral trade. In this paper we examine if ethical distance and difference between an exporting country and an importing country matter in international trade. Using data from 53 countries that participated in the World Values Survey, we show that the closer the ethical distance between countries the greater the trade. We also find that the ethicality of importers matter more than exporters as a determinant of bilateral trade.

scholarly journals Computational Complexity of Gradient Descent Algorithm

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nishchal J ◽  
neel bhandari
Keyword(s):  
Computational Complexity ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Gradient Descent ◽  
Stochastic Gradient Descent ◽  
Batch Size ◽  
Automated Learning ◽  
Gradient Descent Algorithm ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Insight Into

Information is mounting exponentially, and the world is moving to hunt knowledge with the help of Big Data. The labelled data is used for automated learning and data analysis which is termed as Machine Learning. Linear Regression is a statistical method for predictive analysis. Gradient Descent is the process which uses cost function on gradients for minimizing the complexity in computing mean square error. This work presents an insight into the different types of Gradient descent algorithms namely, Batch Gradient Descent, Stochastic Gradient Descent and Mini-Batch Gradient Descent, which are implemented on a Linear regression dataset, and hence determine the computational complexity and other factors like learning rate, batch size and number of iterations which affect the efficiency of the algorithm.

An oasis of democracy in an authoritarian sea? Civil society, social, and institutional trust in Georgia

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Ishiyama ◽  
Lia Mezvrishvili ◽  
Nina Zhgenti
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Institutional Trust ◽  
Voluntary Organizations ◽  
World Values Survey ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
The World ◽  
Civil Society Development

We examine whether the existence of civil society in Georgia has promoted social and institutional trust in the population. As much of the literature suggests, Georgia is different from its neighbors in that civil society development is more advanced. Does participation in civil society lead to more social and institutional trust? Using survey data from the Caucasus Barometer and the World Values Survey, we find that attitudes regarding social and institutional trust are more developed in Georgia than in its neighbors, and that activity in voluntary organizations is positively associated with social and institutional trust in Georgia.

The World Color Survey: Data Analysis and Simulations

2019 ◽  
pp. 289-311
Author(s):  
Peter Lewinski ◽  
Michal Lukasik ◽  
Konrad Kurdej ◽  
Filip Leonarski ◽  
Natalia Bielczyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
The World
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