scholarly journals Exploring the Links between Party and Appointment: Canadian Federal Judicial Appointments from 1989 to 2003

2010 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 633-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lori Hausegger ◽  
Troy Riddell ◽  
Matthew Hennigar ◽  
Emmanuelle Richez

Abstract. Studies of federal judicial appointments made before 1988 discovered significant partisan ties between judicial appointees and the governments appointing them. In 1988, in response to criticism of these “patronage appointments,” the Mulroney government introduced screening committees to the process. This article explores the impact of these committees. Using information gained from surveys of legal elites, we trace the minor and major political connections of federal judicial appointees from 1989 to 2003 in order to determine whether patronage has continued despite the reform to the process. We discover that political connections continued to play an important role in who was selected for a judicial appointment. However, these connections were not quite as common as those found before 1988, and the new process does appear to have prevented the politically motivated appointment of completely unqualified candidates. Interestingly, our findings also suggest that the impact of patronage varies by region and interacts with other, newer influences, in particular, concerns for group representation on the bench. The paper concludes by briefly discussing these results in the context of the relationship between judicial selection and politics with a comparative perspective.Résumé. Les études sur les nominations judiciaires fédérales réalisées avant 1988 ont découvert des liens partisans étroits entre les juges nommés à la cour et les gouvernements les nommant. En 1988, en réponse aux critiques sur le favoritisme entourant les nominations, le gouvernement Mulroney a introduit des comités d'évaluation dans le processus. Cet article explore l'impact de ces comités. En utilisant de l'information recueillie lors de sondages menés auprès de la communauté légale, nous retraçons les connexions politiques mineures et majeures des attributaires judiciaires fédéraux de 1989 à 2003 en vue de déterminer si le favoritisme a persisté malgré la réforme du système. Nous découvrons que les connexions politiques continuent à jouer un rôle important dans la sélection des juges. Toutefois, ces connexions ne sont pas aussi importantes que celles qu'on a identifiées avant 1988 et le nouveau processus semble avoir réussi à prévenir les nominations partisanes de candidats entièrement non qualifiés. Les résultats de notre recherche suggèrent également que l'effet du favoritisme varie par région et dépend aussi d'autres facteurs plus nouveaux, en particulier le souci de représentation de certains groupes au sein de la magistrature. L'article conclut en discutant brièvement ces résultats dans le contexte de la relation entre la sélection judiciaire et la politique dans une perspective comparative.

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Reza Houston

[ACCESS RESTRICTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI AT AUTHOR'S REQUEST.] This study is an examination of the relationship between political connections and the undertaking of major firm events. In our first essay, presented in Chapter 3, we examine the impact politically connected appointments have on firm acquisition behavior. Using proxy statements, we create a unique database of politically connected bidders and merger targets. We find that bidders who hire connected individuals to the board or management team are more likely to avoid merger litigation. Connected bidders make more bids after the appointment. These firms also bid on larger targets. We determine there is a positive relation between the control premium and the relative of the target's connections. Connected acquirers have superior post-merger accounting performance, particularly when they acquire a connected target firm. In the second essay, presented in Chapter 4, we examine the relationship between political connections of private firms and the initial public offering process. Using registration statement information, we create a unique database of politically connected IPO firms. We find that political connections are substitutes to high-quality underwriters and big four auditors. Politically connected firms manage earnings more highly upward than non-connected firms prior to the public offering. Politically connected firms also exhibit less underpricing than non-connected firms. Politically connected IPO firms also have superior post-IPO returns relative to non-connected IPO firms.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 4862
Author(s):  
Yu-Hong Ai ◽  
Di-Yun Peng ◽  
Huan-Huan Xiong

With heavy air pollution and the highest CO2 emissions in the world, China is in urgent need of technology innovation to improve the energy efficiency and control the pollution emission. This study empirically investigates the impact of environmental regulation intensity, political connections, and business connections on green technology innovation in China’s firms. The authors employ a panel data regression analysis on a dataset that comprises 884 observations for A-share listed companies from 2016 to 2019, owing to the availability of data. The results show: (1) Environmental regulation intensity (ERI) has a U-shaped effect on green technology innovation (GTI), which means GTI is inhibited by ERI in the early stage but gets promoted in the long run; (2) Political connections positively moderate the relationship between ERI and GTI mainly because of crowding-out effect and resource effect; (3) Business connections have a negative impact on the relationship between ERI and GTI, resulting from knowledge acquisition and lock-in; (4) Business connections have a greater moderating effect than political connections probably because political ties lack an effective mechanism to ensure long-term cooperation with the enterprises; (5) However, with regard to those firms in the non-heavily polluting industry, both connections moderate the relationship between ERI and GTI in an opposite direction to the main effect. The research results help policy makers formulate relevant policies, based on the impact of environmental regulation and social connections on green technology innovation.


2002 ◽  
Vol 124 (4) ◽  
pp. 809-819 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoping Yang ◽  
C. Richard Liu ◽  
A. F. Grandt

It is well known that there is a large variance associated with fatigue life. However, in literature little is found on the relationship between manufacturing processes and fatigue variance of the manufactured components. In this research, the influence of machining processes on the fatigue variance of the machined Ti 6Al-4V samples is studied experimentally. The impact is evaluated by comparing the safety ratios of face-turned samples with those of ground samples. The safety ratio is defined as the average fatigue life over the fatigue life with a reliability of 95%. In the computation, it is assumed that fatigue life follows Weibull distribution. Two sets of faced samples and two sets of ground samples are tested for bending fatigue. The test is under constant amplitude in high cycle fatigue regime under room temperature. The results show that the safety ratios of face-turned samples are significantly smaller than are those of ground samples. Consequently, it is suggested that fatigue life variance be considered as a new process capability. This capability serves as a basis in choosing manufacturing processes for making fatigue critical products such as aircraft. Another finding is the positive correlation between the residual stress variation and fatigue life variation. This correlation suggests that a better understanding and prediction of residual stress lead to a better prediction of fatigue life.


2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
Yang Wen ◽  
Guo Feng

Researchers have not come to an agreement on the impact of political connection on enterprise performance although this issue draws much attention. This paper attributes the above phenomenon to lack of precise classification of various political connection types in China. Based on existing literature, this paper divides political connections into current political connections and former political connections, and identifies their own hierarchy. Empirical study using Chinese Private Enterprise Survey data shows that different sorts of political connections all contribute to enterprise performance, and internal governance plays the mediating role. Overall, this paper may make marginal contributions to the study on the relationship between political connections and enterprise performance.


2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guoliu Hu ◽  
Yu Wang

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to research the impact of firms’ political connections on the stock price crash risk. Design/methodology/approach Empirical methodology is used in this study. Findings Using a large sample of Chinese firms for the period 2008-2013, the authors find that corporate political connections can reduce the stock price crash risk. When managers are still in politics or firms are in high financial transparency of local governments, the relationship between political connections and the stock price crash risk is weakened. In addition, the authors’ research shows that the corporate political connections influence the stock price crash risk by affecting the speed of confirmation of bad news. Research limitations/implications The findings in this study suggest that political connections will affect corporate disclosure. Practical implications These results can help senior executives and investors make better decisions to prevent the stock price crash risk. Originality/value This paper empirically analyzes the impact of different types of political connections on the stock price crash risk for the first time.


2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 424-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Effiezal Aswadi Abdul Wahab ◽  
Akmalia M. Ariff ◽  
Marziana Madah Marzuki ◽  
Zuraidah Mohd Sanusi

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between political connections and corporate tax aggressiveness in Malaysia. In addition, this paper investigates the relationship between corporate governance variables and corporate tax aggressiveness. Next, the study investigates the mitigating role of corporate governance in the relationship between political connections and corporate tax aggressiveness. Design/methodology/approach The sample of this study is based on 2,538 firm-year observations during the 2000-2009 periods. This study employs a panel least square regression with both period and industry fixed effects. The study retrieved the corporate governance variables from the downloaded annual reports, whilst the remaining data were collected from Compustat Global. Findings This study finds that politically connected firms are more tax aggressive than non-connected firms. Furthermore, the study finds that large board size decreases the likelihood of tax aggressiveness and a non-linear relationship exists between institutional ownership and tax aggressiveness suggesting increase in monitoring as the ownership increases. However, the study finds no evidence to suggest that corporate governance mitigates the influence of political connections in promoting tax aggressiveness behavior. The findings suggest that the impact of political connections could outweigh the benefits of changes in corporate governance in Malaysia. Research limitations/implications The data are not recent, but it reflects a rather longitudinal research period. Originality/value This paper extends the literature of tax research in Malaysia which is in its’ infancy stage. Furthermore, it investigates the role of political connections in tax-planning research.


Accounting ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 865-874
Author(s):  
Murtaza Masud Niazi ◽  
Zaleha Othman ◽  
Sitraselvi Chandren

Prior theoretical and empirical studies have suggested that political influence affects the application of corporate governance and firm performance enormously. However, several fundamental questions remain to be answered. To fill this knowledge gap,the study's main objectives are examining the direct impact of political connection on firm financial performance in Pakistani non-financial listed companies and the moderating effect of director's financial expertise on political connections and firm financial performance. The study utilised panel data of 220 firms from 2008 to 2017 and used panel corrected standard error regression analysis. The results show that political connection negatively impacted firm financial performance, and director financial expertise as a moderator strengthened the relationship between political connections and firm financial performance. This study's results supported political economy theory in that weak judicial systems and unstable political systems have immense effects on investor’s rights. The study contributes to extending the existing literature on political connection by providing evidence of the impact of politically connected firms on firm performance in an emerging market. The study also deliberates on how the director’s financial expertise contributes towards the relationship. The findings could be generalised to other countries with similar degrees of development and culture.


Author(s):  
Brynne D. Ovalle ◽  
Rahul Chakraborty

This article has two purposes: (a) to examine the relationship between intercultural power relations and the widespread practice of accent discrimination and (b) to underscore the ramifications of accent discrimination both for the individual and for global society as a whole. First, authors review social theory regarding language and group identity construction, and then go on to integrate more current studies linking accent bias to sociocultural variables. Authors discuss three examples of intercultural accent discrimination in order to illustrate how this link manifests itself in the broader context of international relations (i.e., how accent discrimination is generated in situations of unequal power) and, using a review of current research, assess the consequences of accent discrimination for the individual. Finally, the article highlights the impact that linguistic discrimination is having on linguistic diversity globally, partially using data from the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and partially by offering a potential context for interpreting the emergence of practices that seek to reduce or modify speaker accents.


2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
Dee Adams Nikjeh

Abstract Administrators and supervisors face daily challenges over issues such as program funding, service fees, correct coding procedures, and the ever-changing healthcare regulations. Receiving equitable reimbursement for speech-language pathology and audiology services necessitates an understanding of federal coding and reimbursement systems. This tutorial provides information pertaining to two major healthcare coding systems and explains the relationship of these systems to clinical documentation, the Medicare Physician Fee Schedule and equitable reimbursement. An explanation of coding edits and coding modifiers is provided for use in those occasional atypical situations when the standard use of procedural coding may not be appropriate. Also included in this tutorial is a brief discussion of the impact that the Medicare Improvements for Patients and Providers Act of 2008 (HR 6331 Medicare Improvements for Patients and Providers Act [MIPPA], 2008) has had on the valuation of speech-language pathology procedure codes.


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