Reparations Reconsidered: A Rejoinder

1972 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 358-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally Marks
Keyword(s):  
Textual Analysis ◽  
Close Textual Analysis ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
English Speaking World ◽  
The One ◽  
Do So

In the issue of June 1971, there appeared David Felix's “Reparations Reconsidered with a Vengeance,” which constitutes an assault upon my article, “Reparations Reconsidered: A Reminder,” in the December 1969 issue. Unfortunately, Mr. Felix has attacked an article which I did not write rather than the one which I did write. My brief ten-page essay addressed itself exclusively to the question of how much Germany was initially asked to pay and consisted of little more than a close textual analysis of the London Schedule of Payments of May 5, 1921. My main point, which Mr. Felix accepts, was that this document established the German reparations debt at a nominal value of 50 billion gold marks, not the figure of 132 billion gold marks widely cited in the general literature concerning the period. Secondly, I pointed out that Germany had offered to pay a considerably larger amount less than two weeks before. Mr. Felix ignores this point while attacking my conclusion based upon it to the effect that the London Schedule constituted a victory for the Germans. Finally, I remarked briefly that, with a high ostensible figure and much lower actual payments, the Germans had an excellent propaganda position and made the most of it, leading the English-speaking world to believe that the reparations burden was both outrageous and unpayable. I concluded that “We shall never know what Germany could have paid, had she seen any reason to do so, but we can easily demonstrate that the settlement was not outrageous, even in German eyes” (p. 365).

scholarly journals Abraham Lincoln

1882 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 312-343
Author(s):  
Isaac N. Arnold
Keyword(s):  
American History ◽  
Abraham Lincoln ◽  
The Other ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
The Republic ◽  
English Speaking World ◽  
The One

The noblest inheritance we Americans derive from our British ancestors is the memory and example of the great and good men who adorn your history. They are as much appreciated and honoured on our side of the Atlantic as on this. In giving to the English-speaking world Washington and Lincoln we think we repay, in large part, our obligation. Their pre-eminence in American history is recognised, and the republic, which the one founded and the other preserved, has already crowned them as models for her children.

scholarly journals The main problems of political science of religion

2002 ◽  
pp. 68-74
Author(s):  
K. Banek
Keyword(s):  
Political Science ◽  
Religion And Politics ◽  
Sociology Of Religion ◽  
Scientific Discipline ◽  
Geography Of Religion ◽  
The World ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Science Of Religion ◽  
English Speaking World ◽  
The One

Every year, an increasing number of scholarly and popular works on issues relating to the relationship between the fields of religion and politics appear around the world, especially in the English-speaking world. This shows, on the one hand, the growing importance and relevance of these problems, and on the other, the great interest of researchers in such issues. These works focus primarily on the connections and processes that take place in the world of Islam, in particular at the junction of the Islamic Christianity. Based on this, we can say that in our eyes a new scientific discipline is being created, which, on the model of existing religious disciplines (philosophy of religion, psychology of religion, sociology of religion and geography of religion), can be called the political science of religion.

The ‘Continental’ Tradition?

2014 ◽  
Vol 74 ◽  
pp. 27-43
Author(s):  
Alan Montefiore
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
English Speaking World ◽  
Continental Tradition ◽  
The One

AbstractThere is – of course – no one such thing as the continental tradition in philosophy, but rather a whole discordant family of notably distinct traditions. They are, nevertheless, broadly recognisable to each other. For much of the last century, however, most of those engaged in or with philosophy in continental Europe, on the one hand, and in the English-speaking world, on the other hand, had surprisingly little knowledge of, interest in or even respect for what was going on in the other. Happily, the situation today is vastly improved on each side of the philosophical channel. What follows is an attempt to gain some understanding of the background to this long-standing (and still to some diminishing extent persistent) mutual incomprehension from the standpoint of one who came to philosophy as a PPE student in the Oxford of the late 1940s.

Fichte and German Idealism

1982 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 111-126
Author(s):  
Patrick Gardiner
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
German Idealism ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
General Level ◽  
Absolute Idealism ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
English Speaking World ◽  
The One ◽  
Dominant Influence

Fichte's reputation at the present time is in some respects a curious one. On the one hand, he is by common consent acknowledged to have exercised a dominant influence upon the development of German thought during the opening decades of the nineteenth century. Thus from a specifically philosophical point of view he is regarded as an innovator who (for good or ill) played a decisive role in transforming Kant's transcendental idealism into the absolute idealism of his immediate successors, while at a more general level he is customarily seen as having put into currency certain persuasive conceptions which contributed—less directly but no less surely—to the emergence and spread of romanticism in some of its varied and ramifying forms. On the other hand, however, it is noticeable that detailed consideration of his work has not figured prominently in the recent revival of concern with post-Kantian thought as a whole which has been manifested by philosophers of the English-speaking world. Although his name is frequently mentioned in that connection, one suspects that his books may not be so often read. In part this may be due to his particular mode of expounding his views, which at times attains a level of opacity that can make even Hegel's obscurest passages seem comparatively tractable. It is also true that Fichte's principal theoretical works—if not his semipopular writings—are largely devoid of the allusions to scientific, historical, psychological or cultural matters with which his German contemporaries were prone to illustrate their philosophical doctrines and enliven their more abstract discussions: there is a daunting aridity about much of what he wrote which can raise nagging doubts in the modern reader's mind about the actual issues that are in question. Yet the fact remains that by the close of the eighteenth century his ideas had already made a profound impact, capturing the imagination of a host of German thinkers and intellectuals. The problem therefore arises as to what preoccupations, current at the time, they owed their indubitable appeal and to what puzzles they were welcomed as proffering a solution. If these can be identified, it may become at least partially intelligible that Fichte should have been widely regarded as having provided a framework within which certain hitherto intractable difficulties could be satisfactorily reformulated and resolved. Let me accordingly begin by saying something about them.

For ‘Global Literature’, Anglo-Phone

2017 ◽  
Vol 135 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-50
Author(s):  
Theo D’haen
Keyword(s):  
British Empire ◽  
World Literature ◽  
Postcolonial Studies ◽  
Global Literature ◽  
Anglophone Literature ◽  
The Us ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
English Speaking World ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Do So

AbstractAnalogous to other coinages such as Francophone, Hispanophone, Lusophone and of late also Sinophone literature, Anglophone literature is customarily taken to be literature produced by authors writing in English but themselves, for whatever reason, not considered ‘Anglo’, whether of the UK or the US brand, but issuing from the ‘periphery’, usually the former British Empire. However, as the hyphen in my title’s use of the term indicates, I will also take a look at ‘Anglo’-literature in the narrow sense, that is to say literature produced in the ‘core’ of the English-speaking world, the UK and the US, hence: Anglo-phone literature(s). I will do so from the perspective of ‘global literature’ studies, a term and an approach I see as following and building upon comparative literature, postcolonial studies and world literature, and which I see as adequate and appropriate to the age of ‘globalisation’.

scholarly journals Die vyfvoudig versterkte vertellersfunksie in die dagboeke van Anne Frank

Literator ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-78
Author(s):  
C. Reinecke ◽  
J. Van der Elst
Keyword(s):  
Textual Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Real ◽  
Communication Situation ◽  
Textual Construction ◽  
Close Textual Analysis ◽  
Total Communication ◽  
The One ◽  
Narrative Function ◽  
Anne Frank

A five-fold strengthened narrative function in the diaries of Anne Frank In assuming that the total communication situation in the true diary has a character of its own, it is suggested that the narrative situation is studied, on the one hand, from the viewpoint of the autobiographical contract claiming a bond of identity between the real author, the I-narrator and the I-persona, and on the other hand from the poststructuralistic view asserting that these instances are not identical to one another and that the implicit author should be duly recognised. A close textual analysis of the narrative situation in the original diaries of Anne Frank leads to our identifying five instances strengthening the narrative function - the real author, the I-narrator, the I-persona, the implicit and the explicit author. While these instances can be distinguished from one another, the bond of identity between them is so tight that the textual construction is a testimony to reality. The five-fold narrative corpus functioning in the diaries persuasively conveys a message of truth. A remarkable characteristic of the narrative situation is the persistent explicitising of the implicit author, which can be seen as a concretisation of the intention of truth and sincerity posed by the autobiographical contract.

scholarly journals “We are all (potential) plurilinguals”: Plurilingualism as an Overarching, Holistic Concept

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrica Piccardo
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Diversity ◽  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Educational Value ◽  
Crucial Difference ◽  
Language Classes ◽  
Holistic Concept ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
English Speaking World ◽  
Do So

In spite of the spark that plurilingualism has given throughout Europe and beyond to the idea that linguistic and cultural diversity is an asset rather than an obstacle, the term plurilingualism itself has not frequently been used in the English-speaking world. Beginning with an analysis of this issue, this paper aims to help readers better understand the nature of the concept of plurilingualism and reflect on its social and educational value. To do so, it firstly presents the term from a historical and comparative perspective in relation to other terms used in the English-speaking literature. It then moves on to explain the crucial difference between plurilingualism and multilingualism, thus introducing the notion of dynamic repertoire and its underlying theoretical perspective. Finally, the article introduces the descriptors for plurilingual and pluricultural competence from the newly released CEFR Companion Volume, together with the potential for these descriptors to facilitate mediation and plurilanguaging among learners and to foster a new, open, and positive attitude towards linguistic and cultural diversity in language classes. Keywords: plurilingualism, multilingualism, plurilanguaging, CEFR, mediation

Fichte and German Idealism

1982 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 111-126
Author(s):  
Patrick Gardiner
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
German Idealism ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
General Level ◽  
Absolute Idealism ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
English Speaking World ◽  
The One ◽  
Dominant Influence

Fichte's reputation at the present time is in some respects a curious one. On the one hand, he is by common consent acknowledged to have exercised a dominant influence upon the development of German thought during the opening decades of the nineteenth century. Thus from a specifically philosophical point of view he is regarded as an innovator who (for good or ill) played a decisive role in transforming Kant's transcendental idealism into the absolute idealism of his immediate successors, while at a more general level he is customarily seen as having put into currency certain persuasive conceptions which contributed—less directly but no less surely—to the emergence and spread of romanticism in some of its varied and ramifying forms. On the other hand, however, it is noticeable that detailed consideration of his work has not figured prominently in the recent revival of concern with post-Kantian thought as a whole which has been manifested by philosophers of the English-speaking world. Although his name is frequently mentioned in that connection, one suspects that his books may not be so often read. In part this may be due to his particular mode of expounding his views, which at times attains a level of opacity that can make even Hegel's obscurest passages seem comparatively tractable. It is also true that Fichte's principal theoretical works—if not his semipopular writings—are largely devoid of the allusions to scientific, historical, psychological or cultural matters with which his German contemporaries were prone to illustrate their philosophical doctrines and enliven their more abstract discussions: there is a daunting aridity about much of what he wrote which can raise nagging doubts in the modern reader's mind about the actual issues that are in question. Yet the fact remains that by the close of the eighteenth century his ideas had already made a profound impact, capturing the imagination of a host of German thinkers and intellectuals. The problem therefore arises as to what preoccupations, current at the time, they owed their indubitable appeal and to what puzzles they were welcomed as proffering a solution. If these can be identified, it may become at least partially intelligible that Fichte should have been widely regarded as having provided a framework within which certain hitherto intractable difficulties could be satisfactorily reformulated and resolved. Let me accordingly begin by saying something about them.

The Novella in Arabic: a Study in Fictional Genres

1986 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 473-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Allen
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Short Story ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Short Novel ◽  
Differences Of Opinion ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
English Speaking World ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Way

Before broaching the main topic of this study, there seem to me to be two general issues involving terms in the title which need to be addressed: The one concerns nomenclature, the other the question of genres. A certain vagueness colors most attempts at definition of the term “novella,” something which seems the result of both the way in which the term has developed and the considerable differences of opinion among critics. Thus theOxford English Dictionaryseems to reflect the relatively recent interest in the genre in the English-speaking world by not including the word at all in the main part of the dictionary and by defining it in the Supplement as “a short novel (as in the stories of Boccaccio'sDecameron).” As Howard Nemerov points out, however, “the term ‘short novel’ is descriptive only in the way that the term ‘Middle Ages’ is descriptive—that is, not at all, except with regard to the territory on either side.” The index to the English translation of Todorov'sPoetics of Prose lists: Novella, see Tale. Such entries as these do at least convey to us the notion that the novella operates somewhere along a fictional spectrum, the two poles of which are the novel and the short story, but that is all.

Circulations of Law: Cosmopolitan Elites, Global Repertoires, Local Vernaculars

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 773-795 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iza Hussin
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
New York ◽  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Sovereign State ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
English Speaking World ◽  
Point Of Departure ◽  
Do So

Bernard Cohn once called the imperial point of view the “view from the boat”. There were other boats as well.In 1893, the sovereign state of Johor adopted the OttomanMedjelle (Meḏj̱elle-yi Aḥkām-i˚ḥʿAdliyye, the civil code applied in the Ottoman Empire since 1877), being the only state among the Muslim sultanates of the Malay Peninsula to do so. In 1895, Johor promulgated a Constitution(Undang-Undang Tubuh Kerajaan Johor), being the first state in Southeast Asia to do so. This article takes this moment, of the intersection of two types of law from quite disparate sources, as a point of departure for tracing the pathways by which law made its way from one corner of the globe to another. Taking nineteenth century Johor as our vantage point provides a new optic for mapping law's geography and temporality and for exploring the logics of law's itinerancy and its locality. The travels of law were always material, and often embodied; on ships sailing the Indian Ocean between Johor and Cairo were diplomats, merchants, pilgrims, and lawyers faced with new pressures and new possibilities; in the growing traffic in letters and newspaper reports between London and New York, Tokyo and Constantinople, were debates about empire and culture, power and authenticity; in personal relationships made possible by the technologies of nineteenth century cosmopolitanism, were similarly worldly dramas of deception and demands for justice. In the 2 short years between the adoption of theMedjelleand the Constitution in Johor, the sultan of Johor, Abu Bakar (1833–1895), typified this mobility and interconnection. In his travels across the Indian Ocean to the Near East and Europe; in his appearance in diplomatic communiques in London, Constantinople and Washington D.C.; in his prominence as a figure of exoticism and intrigue in the newspapers and the courts of the English-speaking world, the sultan not only embodied law's movements in a figurative way, he was also himself a key carrier of the law, and one of its signal articulators.

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