Social Space and the Periodization of Economic History: A Case from Taiwan

1985 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 531-561 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Steven Sangren
Keyword(s):  
Economic History ◽  
Social Space ◽  
Theoretical Orientation ◽  
World View ◽  
Rhetorical Strategies ◽  
Ideal Types ◽  
Common Value ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Data Subject

Case studies in local economic history and organization conventionally employ either of two rhetorical strategies. In the first, a particular world view, theoretical orientation, or set of basic categories is assumed and forms the basis for organizing a description of a particular case; in the second, the facts or data are marshaled in an attempt to validate, authenticate, or test an explicitly stated theoretical position. Of course, these are ideal types, and many studies quite appropriately combine both. Progress is conceived as an outcome over time in which both kinds of study contribute to ever more elegant, encompassing, and parsimonious orderings of data. The nature of the relationship between theory, assumptions, world view, and so forth on the one hand, and data, subject, or facts on the other, transcends otherwise widely divergent arguments-for example, “Marxist,” “dependency,” “neoclassical,” and (more subtly) “substantivist.” In short, a common value, broadly “positivist,” informs most Western sociaI science discourse.

scholarly journals FOREST IN THE BASHKIRS' VIEW OF THE WORLD

2022 ◽  
pp. 33-40
Author(s):  
Ю. А. Абсалямова
Keyword(s):  
World View ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
The Other ◽  
Aesthetic Perception ◽  
Food Protection ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The World ◽  
Other World ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship

В статье анализируются особенности восприятия лесного пространства башкирами. На основе языковых, фольклорных материалов сделана попытка раскрыть различные аспекты взаимоотношений лес - человек, образ леса в картине мира башкир. Как и в большинстве традиционных культур, в целом мифологический образ леса носит отрицательный характер. В фольклоре он часто описывается как тёмный, мрачный, неизвестный, таящий опасности, противопоставляясь обжитому и освоенному пространству селений. Лесной пандемониум также представлен в основном отрицательными персонажами. В целом образ леса в традиционной картине мира башкир предстаёт довольно неоднозначным. С одной стороны - это категория, связанная с потусторонним миром, неизведанная, «чужая» территория. С другой - лес издавна являлся источником различных благ - в виде строительного материала, пушнины, различных продуктов питания, укрывал от врагов. The article analyzes the features of Bashkirs' perception of the forest space. On the basis of the materials of the epos, folklore, folk ideas, an attempt was made to reveal the various aspects of the relationship between forest and man, the image of the forest in Bashkirs' world view. As in most traditional cultures, the mythological image of the forest as a whole is negative. In folklore, it is often described as dark, gloomy, unknown, fraught with danger, being contrasted with the inhabited and developed space of the villages. The forest pandemonium is also represented mainly by negative characters. On the other hand, in the domestic perception forest is valued for the benefits derived from it: shelter, food, protection from enemies. In addition, Bashkirs, distinguished by a developed aesthetic perception and contemplative thinking, appreciated its beauty, which is also reflected in folklore. In general, the image of forest in the Bashkirs' traditional view of the world appears rather ambiguous. On the one hand, it is the category associated with the other world, unknown, «foreign» territory. On the other hand, the forest has long been a source of various benefits - in the form of construction materials, furs, various food products, and it sheltered them from enemies.

Karl Polanyi’s Anthropological Theory of Economy

Naukratis ◽  
2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Astrid Moller
Keyword(s):  
Economic History ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Classical Antiquity ◽  
Economic Organization ◽  
Ideal Types ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One

In accordance with the hermeneutical principles laid down in the introduction, this chapter will be devoted to an account of the theoretical models underlying the analysis and interpretation of the source material. Karl Polanyi’s empirical observations resulted in a series of ideal-types such as can be employed for the evaluation of the evidence from Naukratis in the following chapters. Polanyi’s works do not form one single, complete theory of economy; rather, they should be seen—as Sally Humphreys has put it so aptly—as sketches of areas within largely unexplored territory. It is of course true that George Dalton went to great lengths to develop Polanyi’s ideas further; the fact nevertheless remains that they continue to be far from accepted as paradigms for all further research in the field of economic anthropology or economic history. Indeed, such continuations of Polanyi’s approach have served only to limit unduly the openness that is the very advantage of his ideal-types. It is for this reason that one should return to Polanyi himself and employ his original ideas. His work has been taken up by only a few within the realm of the economic history of classical antiquity, something due partly to his own—problematic—statements on the subject of Greek history, and partly to lack of interest shown for anthropological approaches within ancient history. Polanyi disagreed with the view that markets were the ubiquitous form of economic organization—an attitude regarding the notion of the market as essential to the description of every economy—and also with the belief that it is the economic organization of any given society which determines its social, political, and cultural structures. For his part, Polanyi contended that an economy organized around the market first came into being with the Industrial Revolution, and that it was not until then that the two root meanings of the word ‘economic’—on the one hand, in the sense of provision with goods; on the other, in the sense of a thrifty use of resources, as in the words ‘economical’ and ‘economizing’—merged.

scholarly journals A relação entre História e Sociologia no horizonte da conceitualização e da explicação dos objetos históricos: reflexões sobre o pensamento de Max Weber * The relationship between History and Sociology over the horizon of conceptualization...

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
ULISSES DO VALLE
Keyword(s):  
Max Weber ◽  
Historical Narrative ◽  
The Other ◽  
Historical Knowledge ◽  
Empirical Reality ◽  
Ideal Types ◽  
Historical Objects ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship

<p class="Default"><strong>Resumo</strong>: Este artigo procura refletir sobre as relações entre a disciplina da história e a sociologia a partir do pensamento de Max Weber. Procuramos mostrar como a sociologia exerce uma participação fundamental na constituição do conhecimento histórico com relação a dois procedimentos específicos: a caracterização adequada das entidades históricas individuais, por um lado, e a lógica explicativa que preside a narrativa histórica, por outro. Veremos como Weber, então, introduz a sociologia como uma forma de resolver o intricado problema da interpenetração entre o geral e o particular na representação e na explicação dos objetos históricos, de modo a esclarecer os vínculos formais e metodológicos entre as duas disciplinas assim entendidas.</p><p class="Default"><strong>Palavras-chave</strong>: História; Sociologia; realidade empírica; tipos ideais.</p><p class="Default"><strong><br /></strong></p><p class="Default"><strong>Abstract</strong>: This paper discuss the relationship between the discipline of history and sociology from the thought of Max Weber. We intend to show how sociology plays a key role in the constitution of historical knowledge regarding two specific procedures: the appropriate characterization of individual historical entities, on the one hand, and the explanatory logic of the historical narrative, on the other. We will see how Weber then introduces sociology as a way to solve the intricate problem of interpenetration between the general and the particular in the representation and explanation of historical objects, in order to clarify the formal and methodological links between the two disciplines well understood.</p><p class="Default"><strong>Keywords</strong>: History; Sociology; empirical reality; ideal types.</p>

Animism, personhood and the nature of reality: Sami perspectives

Polar Record ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elina Helander-Renvall
Keyword(s):  
Social Space ◽  
World View ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Subjective Character ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Human Relationships ◽  
Indigenous Groups ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Role And Function

ABSTRACTThis article is an exploration and description of the inter-subjective character of human and non-human relationships. Recent research into animism shows that at present there is emerging a new ontology that breaks down barriers between human beings and animals, culture and nature. This new animism predominantly discusses how human persons relate to the world. The culture of many indigenous groups is animistic meaning that nature is alive and there is a social space for humans and non-humans to interrelate to each other. In this article, an attempt is made to describe in detail how Sami reindeer herders perceive their environment and how the interplay and dialogue with nature is integrated in the overall activities of Sami within this relationship.A living being co-exists within certain environmental conditions and is dependent on all other beings with which she/he is in relationship. In this sense one can speak about ‘inter-subjectivity’ meaning direct subject-to-subject sharing of presence. It will be shown that the relationship between humans and non-humans is highly context-bound. Furthermore, the relationship between humans and non-humans within the Sami cultural circles is based on the mutual caretaking, respect and conditioning within different groups. For instance, the reindeer give themselves to humans and humans give shelter to them. According to the Sami world view, there are many different kinds of persons, such as humans, animals and spirits. To be a person in an animistic sense is a very flexible way of existence and one has to learn to know what the different personhoods are about. In this context, it is important to understand the role and function of the landscape and certain places and features within the landscape in specific areas. This is because within these places, communication, and what will be referred to as mythic discourse, takes place between humans and non-humans, and this dialogue is known to be of benefit to human beings in their daily lives and activities.

scholarly journals FOREST IN THE BASHKIRS' VIEW OF THE WORLD

2022 ◽  
pp. 33-40
Author(s):  
Ю. А. Абсалямова
Keyword(s):  
World View ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
The Other ◽  
Aesthetic Perception ◽  
Food Protection ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The World ◽  
Other World ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship

В статье анализируются особенности восприятия лесного пространства башкирами. На основе языковых, фольклорных материалов сделана попытка раскрыть различные аспекты взаимоотношений лес - человек, образ леса в картине мира башкир. Как и в большинстве традиционных культур, в целом мифологический образ леса носит отрицательный характер. В фольклоре он часто описывается как тёмный, мрачный, неизвестный, таящий опасности, противопоставляясь обжитому и освоенному пространству селений. Лесной пандемониум также представлен в основном отрицательными персонажами. В целом образ леса в традиционной картине мира башкир предстаёт довольно неоднозначным. С одной стороны - это категория, связанная с потусторонним миром, неизведанная, «чужая» территория. С другой - лес издавна являлся источником различных благ - в виде строительного материала, пушнины, различных продуктов питания, укрывал от врагов. The article analyzes the features of Bashkirs' perception of the forest space. On the basis of the materials of the epos, folklore, folk ideas, an attempt was made to reveal the various aspects of the relationship between forest and man, the image of the forest in Bashkirs' world view. As in most traditional cultures, the mythological image of the forest as a whole is negative. In folklore, it is often described as dark, gloomy, unknown, fraught with danger, being contrasted with the inhabited and developed space of the villages. The forest pandemonium is also represented mainly by negative characters. On the other hand, in the domestic perception forest is valued for the benefits derived from it: shelter, food, protection from enemies. In addition, Bashkirs, distinguished by a developed aesthetic perception and contemplative thinking, appreciated its beauty, which is also reflected in folklore. In general, the image of forest in the Bashkirs' traditional view of the world appears rather ambiguous. On the one hand, it is the category associated with the other world, unknown, «foreign» territory. On the other hand, the forest has long been a source of various benefits - in the form of construction materials, furs, various food products, and it sheltered them from enemies.

Economic History in Departments of Economics

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-271
Author(s):  
David Mitch
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Science ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Disciplinary Field ◽  
The One ◽  
The University ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Science Disciplines

Since the emergence of distinctive social science disciplines in American universities in the late nineteenth century, there have been recurring tensions over whether history should be practiced within or pursued separately from particular social science disciplines. This study considers this issue for the case of economic history in the Department of Economics at the University of Chicago. Economic history was active as an inter-disciplinary field throughout the twentieth century, and it had a substantial presence throughout the twentieth century at Chicago, in one of the world’s leading economics departments. This study focuses on how economic historians and economists at Chicago have conceived of the relationship between economic history and economics over the past century. It argues that a key set of tensions has been, on the one hand, developing a conception of the economy that is subject to historical forces yet, on the other hand, allowing adequate scope for employing the tools of economics.

Inside Fateh Azzam's Baggage: Monologue and Forced Migration

2007 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-31
Author(s):  
NICHOLAS O. PAGAN
Keyword(s):  
World View ◽  
Forced Migration ◽  
The Political ◽  
Edward Said ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
Written Text ◽  
North Cyprus ◽  
The World ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship

The work of Palestinian playwright Fateh Samih Azzam arises from his experience growing up as a refugee and from his strong commitment to human rights. His latest play, Baggage, is set in a crowded airport where a lone Traveler re-enacts the Catastrophe of 1948 and its consequences. This article begins by positioning Azzam's work in relation to post-1948 Palestinian theatre. It then looks in detail at how Baggage, written as a monodrama, incorporates a number of devices including airport announcements and other voiceovers to imbue monologue with dialogue. The question of the relationship between monologue and dialogue is examined in the context of the emergence of the ‘political’ in performance and especially in relation to Jon Erickson's recent contention that dialogues facilitate the representation of conflicting world views whereas monologues tend to be ‘vehicles for the overarching world view of the playwright’. Next, it discusses a recent staging of Baggage in Famagusta, North Cyprus, focusing in particular on the way in which the production was able to embellish and extend devices contained in the written text of the play to facilitate a movement from monologue to dialogue. In its conclusion, the article returns to the prevalence of monologue in Palestinian drama and to Erickson's idea that monologue involves partiality to one side of a dispute. The article contends that productions of Baggage, which, like the one in Famagusta, accentuate the dialogical, will make it clear that the play is not just a memory play for Palestinians, but that it also cries out for all those forced out of their homes and into what Edward Saïd has called ‘the trauma of exile’. Furthermore, it argues that the Traveler's monologues need to be heard and should initiate dialogues, which in some parts of the world have not yet even begun. Finally, it suggests that the universal appeal of this and other Palestinian plays could be even more striking were the heavy use of politically oriented symbolism counterbalanced by a more minimalist Beckett-like aestheticism.

scholarly journals The Impact of the Representation of Social Space on the Perception of Crime by Juveniles

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-26
Author(s):  
Kirill Zlokazov ◽  
Ekaterina Ilyankova ◽  
Anton Rozhkov
Keyword(s):  
Social Environment ◽  
Juvenile Delinquents ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Social Space ◽  
World View ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The relevance of this research is connected with the necessity of develo­ping the theory of delinquent behavior and of improving the prevention of juvenile delinquency. The analysis of clauses that form the foundation of delinquency prevention programs shows the dominance of personal, behavioral and social environment-related views and a poor development of subjective views that modify the understanding of social consequences of crimes by adolescents. The goal of this research was to study the ideas of adolescents regarding social space and their impact on their assessment of crimes and their consequences. The study was based on the principles and clauses of a subjective approach, and the social-cognitive theory. The information processing methods included the frequency content-analysis (text-meaning), the assessment of differences (H-test of Kruskal-Wallis), and the multi-factor, multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). The authors established that juvenile delinquents’ understanding of interactions in the social space has an influence on their description of crimes. They also determined the statistical differences in the understanding of interaction with the social space between law-abiding adolescents and juvenile delinquents. It was shown that juvenile delinquents believe that social space ignores and devalues them, while law abiding adolescents believe that it is sensitive and supportive. Juvenile delinquents consider it possible to be irresponsible and dishonest in their interactions with other people, while law abiding adolescents strive to be responsible, honest and fair. The authors found out that the assessment of relationships with the social environment has an impact on the description of the consequences of a crime in a group of juvenile delinquents. The obtained results specify the ideas on the subjectivity of juvenile delinquents, prove that the subjective world view determines how the crime itself and its consequences are perceived, provide additional evidence that underage crimes are determined by the disruption of the relationship with the social environment, and show that the consequences of crimes are described using the vocabulary of risks and opportunities, consequences and advantages, break-up with the close ones and isolation.

scholarly journals The relation between the bases of law-making and legal awareness as a factor of social and legal relations

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-29
Author(s):  
Leonid Karnaushenko
Keyword(s):  
World View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Legal Consciousness ◽  
Social Meaning ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
General Meaning ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Law Making

The article is devoted to the problem of the relationship between the value and purpose aspects of law-making on the one hand and the foundations of legal awareness on the other. The article analyzes the main factors influencing the process of formation of legal norms. The general meaning of law in society and its functional meaning are analysed. Factors of interaction between law and society at different levels of social organization are assessed. The main forms of attitude to legal norms are considered. A mechanism for assessing the law at the level of an individual world view is disclosed. The importance of the relationship between the bases of law-making and the bases of assessment of the field of law is investigated. The question was raised as to how they could be brought into line with each other. The presented text of the article comprehends the correlation of the axiological and teleological foundations of lawmaking on the one hand and the sphere of legal awareness on the other. It is taken into account that legal consciousness is dialectically determined as well as determined by lawmaking. In fact, the creation of legal norms as elements of cash reality does not occur due to the action of ideal actors excluded from a certain legal paradigm. On the contrary, existing patterns of legal awareness determine the legal reality of the future (both at the level of positing and negation). The indicated relationship also has a phenomenological side of refraction, namely. The real legal regularity and the same regularity in the representation and perception of consciousness do not always coincide. This is due to various aspects: from pragmatic and functional to ethical, psychological and mental. This article is an attempt to uncover the philosophical, legal and social meaning of the relationships described above.

Dos etimologías vascas: Txakur ‘perrito, perro’ y zakur ‘perro’ con un apéndice dedicado al análisis de la etimología de zakur de J. Lakarra

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roslyn M Frank
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Theoretical Orientation ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Critical Discussion ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
The Past ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Cultural Linguistics ◽  
Generic Sense

<p>The following article explores the etymology of the Basque word <em>zakur</em> ‘dog’ and the palatalized form of the same <em>txakur</em>, often used today to refer to small dogs and dogs in a generic sense. Particular attention is paid to the question of the relationship between the latter term and Romance forms such as <em>cacharro</em> ‘puppy, young dog’. The study also examines the problems that arise from etymologies put forward in the past including the most recent one of the Basque philologist Joseba Lakarra, who derives the term <em>zakur</em> from a compound form that, according to him, originally meant ‘guardian agazapado’, i.e., ‘crouching guardian’. Over the past decade Lakarra has published a series of articles in which he puts forward his reconstruction of an entity he calls Pre-Proto-Basque, whose exact referential time frame is still rather unclear. In these articles a large number of new etymologies are introduced, including the one he dedicates to <em>zakur</em>, along with a particular kind of methodology and theoretical basis for investigating them. While the material published by Lakarra is readily available on the web, there has been little critical discussion of its merits. The present study is an attempt to remedy this situation by examining in detail the etymology of the term <em>zakur</em> and by doing so, to bring into focus the value of applying a more principled approach to the Basque data, one that derives it methodological and theoretical orientation from the field of cognitive linguistics, and more concretely from the emerging subfield of cultural linguistics. In a broad sense, the term cultural linguistics refers to linguistic research that explores the relationship between language and culture, bringing the sociocultural embedding and entrenchment of language into view and consequently charting the interactions of speakers of the language with their ever-changing environment, the latter understood in the amplest sense of the term. Thus, cultural linguistics has a diachronic dimension as it attempts to understand language as a subsystem of culture and to examine how various language features reflect and embody culture over time. ‘Culture’ here is meant in the anthropological sense; that is, as a system of collective beliefs, worldviews, customs, traditions, social practices, as well as the values and norms shared by the members of the cultural group. </p>

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