Wittgenstein et l’«arrière-plan» de l’intentionnalité

Dialogue ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-335
Author(s):  
Denis Sauvé
Keyword(s):  
Charles Taylor ◽  
John Searle ◽  
Hubert Dreyfus

RÉSUMÉ : John Searle, Hubert Dreyfus et Charles Taylor défendent la thèse voulant qu’il y ait des formes de «compréhension» ou de «savoir» (ou, peut-être, de «connaissance») qui, contrairement aux formes courantes, ne sont pas de nature représentationnelle ou conceptuelle mais sont plutôt du type des «savoir-faire». Cet article examine l’argument avancé en faveur de cette thèse (l’«argument de la régression», comme il est désigné ici) ainsi que l’affirmation de ces auteurs suivant laquelle les Recherches philosophiques de Wittgenstein démontrent que celui-ci, au moins implicitement, l’acceptait. Les conclusions qui découlent de cet examen sont, d’une part, que l’argument n’est pas concluant et, de l’autre, qu’il aurait été récusé par l’auteur des Recherches.

Grace and Good

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-180
Author(s):  
Charles Scriven ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Critical Reflection ◽  
Soren Kierkegaard ◽  
Charles Taylor ◽  
Iris Murdoch ◽  
Human Flourishing ◽  
Philip Kitcher ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Hubert Dreyfus

How does the question of grace--its reality or not--affect self-understanding and moral aspiration? Søren Kierkegaard believed that conviction of grace, or of divine kindness at the heart of things, is crucial for human flourishing. This notion serves as a lever for critical reflection on perspectives concerning the secular turn Charles Taylor and others describe. The essay contrasts Kierkegaard’s thought with Iris Murdoch, Philip Kitcher, and co-authors Hubert Dreyfus and Sean Dorrance Kelly. Each of the secular perspectives, it turns out, maps onto a different one of three “stages” of human development that precede Kierkegaard’s highest, or Christian, form of existence. This provides an angle for assessing secularism as reflected in three contrasting accounts. Kierkegaard’s elaboration of the Christian ideal, and the shortfalls he saw in earlier stages, become the basis for a “justification” of grace as a premise for the well-lived life.

De la epistemología clásica a la antropología filosófica de Charles Taylor

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Mimi Bick
Keyword(s):  
Charles Taylor ◽  
Hubert Dreyfus

En su primera sección, el artículo presenta un resumen de los principales argumentos del libro coescrito por Hubert Dreyfus y Charles Taylor, Retrieving Realism, aún sin edición en castellano. En esta obra, los autores argumentan en contra de la epistemología clásica que ellos denominan ‘mediacional’ y ‘representacional’ al mismo tiempo que despliegan su propuesta alternativa, la teoría ‘de contacto’ o ‘interactiva’. En la segunda sección, se discuten los siguientes temas recurrentes de la antropología filosófica de Taylor, implícitos en la discusión epistemológica anterior: la distinción entre lo natural y lo humano, especialmente sus implicancias para las investigaciones en ambas áreas; la centralidad del lenguaje y la interpretación en lo humano; el atomismo, holismo y la importancia de comunidad; y finalmente se comenta el particular enfoque filosófico de Taylor, distintivo por su búsqueda incesante de vínculos entre sus ramas y con la historia de las ideas.

Three Views of Philosophy and Multiculturalism

1998 ◽  
pp. 253-258
Author(s):  
Carol J. Nicholson
Keyword(s):  
Political Theory ◽  
Charles Taylor ◽  
John Searle ◽  
Western Tradition ◽  
Multicultural Curriculum ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Educational Benefits ◽  
Intellectual Diversity ◽  
Academic Practices ◽  
Liberal Political Theory

John Searle opposes multiculturalism because he views it as part of a movement to undermine the concepts of truth and objectivity in the Western tradition. Richard Rorty disagrees with Searle about the relation between philosophical theories of truth and academic practices, but he is neutral on the issue of multiculturalism. Charles Taylor approaches the issue historically, defending multiculturalism as emerging from one branch of liberal political theory. I argue that the debate over epistemological and political issues has tended to obscure the educational benefits of multiculturalism. A multicultural curriculum works very well in fulfilling the traditional goals of education in philosophy. It can assist the teacher as Socratic "midwife" and "gadfly" in delivering students from their narrow and uncritical opinions and awakening them to a world of intellectual diversity. Thus, multiculturalism is not so much a recent movement as a new name for an old method of teaching.

Heidegger’s Presentational Strategies:

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (II) ◽  
pp. 01-12
Author(s):  
Raza Hassan ◽  
◽  
Muhammad University
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Aspect ◽  
Charles Taylor ◽  
Division I ◽  
Being And Time ◽  
Ontological Priority ◽  
Critical Interpretation ◽  
Hubert Dreyfus

Drawing upon the interpretations of Martin Heidegger’sBeing and Timeoffered by the favorable commentators such as Hubert Dreyfus, Robert Dostal, Harrison Hall, and Charles Taylor, this paper responds to Heidegger’s unsympathetic commentator Herman Philipse’s critical interpretation of Being and Time(Sections 12-18 of Division I) and shows the validity of Heidegger’s claim for the ontological priority of the practical world over the theoretical world. This has been done by showing that the practical world where readiness-to-hand is the norm, emerges from a self-correcting,transient originary situation where readiness-to-hand is primordial to us while we arrive at the theoretical aspect of presence-at-hand when we encounter the unreadiness-to-hand. This paper also shows that Heidegger’s text is coherent and consistent. Thishas been done by looking at the structure of Heidegger’s presentational strategies and by making links explicit in them. We have also looked afresh at how he defines certain pivotal elements of his practical world and their relationship with each other.

From Crusades to Colonization: Violence in Secular and Religious Political Theory

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Xavier Scott
Keyword(s):  
Political Philosophy ◽  
Modern Philosophy ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
International Law ◽  
Political Theory ◽  
John Rawls ◽  
State Power ◽  
Charles Taylor ◽  
Medieval Period ◽  
Beliefs And Values

This paper examines the transition in political philosophy between the medieval and early-modern periods by focusing on the emergence of sovereignty doctrine. Scholars such as Charles Taylor and John Rawls have focused on the ability of modern-states to overcome conflicts between different religious confessionals. In contrast, this paper seeks to examine some of the peace-promoting features of Latin-Christendom and some of the conflict-promoting features of modern-secular states. The Christian universalism of the medieval period is contrasted with the colonial ventures promoted by the Peace of Westphalia. This paper’s goal is not to argue that secularism is in fact more violent than religion. Rather, it seeks to demonstrate the major role that religion played in early modern philosophy and the development of sovereignty doctrine. It argues against the view that the modern, secular state is capable of neutrality vis-à-vis religion, and also combats the view that the secular nature of modern international law means that it is neutral to the different beliefs and values of the world’s peoples. These observations emphasize the ways in which state power and legitimacy are at the heart of the secular turn in political philosophy. 

John Searle

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Kober ◽  
Jan G. Michel
Keyword(s):  
John Searle
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