Effects of Night Temperature on Growth and Development of IR8 Rice

1972 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. C. Owen
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Effects ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Floral Initiation ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
Actual Temperature ◽  
Temperature Levels

SUMMARYUnder controlled environment conditions rice variety IR8 was subjected to night temperatures of 15, 20 and 25°C during each of the three periods (a) sowing to floral initiation, (b) initiation to panicle emergence, and (c) panicle emergence to maturity, with day temperatures of 30°C throughout. Night temperatures of 15°C prevented floral initiation throughout the experiment, an effect partly overcome by transfer to higher temperatures after 102 days but not without yield loss. The optimum night temperature was 20–25°C, with some evidence of change of temperature effects, as distinct from the effect of actual temperature levels. As IR8 was developed under relatively stress-free conditions, its sensitivity to temperatures below 15°C may be greater than in varieties developed elsewhere.

Response of Mitchell grasses (Astrebla F. Muell.) to photoperiod and temperature

1970 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 395 ◽  
Author(s):  
FX Jozwik
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Floral Initiation ◽  
Leaf Production ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Main Tiller ◽  
Effect On Growth

Controlled environment experiments were carried out to determine the effect of temperature and photoperiod on Astrebla pectinata, A. lappacea, A. elymoides, and A. squarrosa. Photoperiod had little effect on growth and development of tillers and on floral initiation, but did affect numbers of emergent inflorescences. Usually, inflorescence production increased with decreasing photoperiod. Temperature had significant effects on all parameters measured (number of main tillers and emergent inflorescences, elongation of main tillers, and number of leaves and axillary tillers per main tiller). Growth per tiller and leaf production increased with temperature (up to 30/25�C) but for tiller numbers the optimum was about 28/23�, Geographically separated strains of A. pectinata generally exhibited similar responses to photoperiod and temperature while different species from the same location differed in their response.

Photoperiod and temperature effects on the flowering of Stylosanthes guyanensis

1976 ◽  
Vol 16 (81) ◽  
pp. 506 ◽  
Author(s):  
PM Bryant ◽  
LR Humphreys
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Effects ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Daily Maximum Temperature ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Floral Initiation ◽  
Flowering Response ◽  
Mature Leaves ◽  
Cotton South ◽  
Critical Photoperiod

Selections of Stylosanthes guyanensis were grown in controlled environment cabinets at 27� and 20�C and exposed to differing photoperiods. All selections showed a short-day flowering response, the apparent critical photoperiod varying from about 13 hours in CPI 40255 to about 11.5 hours in cv. Schofield. The 20� treatment promoted flowering in longer photoperiods in CPI 40255 and cv. Schofield and almost prevented flowering in CPI 34906 and cv. Cook. CPI 33706 did not flower at 27�C. Flowering response was not related simply to latitude or altitude of selection origin. Removal of mature leaves hastened flowering. The same selections grown in the field at Mt. Cotton, south-east Queensland (lat. 27�37'S) reached floral initiation at dates varying from February 5 to April 20. The duration of the period of floral initiation to flower appearance was negatively associated with daily maximum temperature. The range of first flowering dates within a selection varied from 8 to 78 days.

The Growth and Development of Caltha introloba F. Muell. I. The Pattern and Control of Flowering

1989 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 275 ◽  
Author(s):  
IF Wardlow ◽  
MW Moncur ◽  
CJ Totterdell
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
National Park ◽  
Floral Development ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
High Irradiance ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Floral Initiation ◽  
Cold Requirement ◽  
And Control ◽  
Snow Fall

The floral development of Caltha introloba F. Muell. was surveyed in the short alpine herbfield areas located in the vicinity of Charlottes Pass, in the Kosciusko National Park. This study included a detailed examination, by scanning electron microscopy, of changes occurring at the shoot apex. Floral initiation occurred in mid summer (January) and flowers were fully developed and in many instances ready to shed pollen, before the first snow fall in late autumn (May). The flowers generally remained closed until after the snow melted in spring (October), although some opening did occur under the snow if this remained until late in the year (mid November). Seed development was normally complete towards the end of summer (late January to February). Controlled environment studies demonstrated that floral initiation and development were favoured by long days and high irradiance. These factors may represent important controls in the field where floral initiation occurs as daylength and irradiance reach their maximum levels. Also it was shown experimentally that there is a cold requirement before the flowers, that are otherwise fully developed, will open. This requirement should ensure that premature opening will not occur in autumn.

Reduced night temperature effects on poinsettias

1980 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.J. Tsujita ◽  
W.E. Craig
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Effects ◽  
Night Temperature

INFLUENCE OF WEEKLY CHANGES IN TEMPERATURE AND LIGHT REGIMES ON THE INCIDENCE OF BLOTCHY RIPENING OF TOMATOES

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-133
Author(s):  
T. MATSUMOTO ◽  
C. A. HORNBY
Keyword(s):  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Diurnal Changes ◽  
Light Regimes ◽  
Common Trend ◽  
Cloudy Weather ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Temperature Levels ◽  
Greenhouse Tomatoes ◽  
Compensatory Effect

The hypothesis that blotchy ripening (BR) of greenhouse tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) was associated with a cumulative effect of alternating periods of bright sunshine and cloudy weather was tested in controlled environment chambers. Temperatures were programed to give diurnal changes between 11.7 C/26.7 C night/day representing sunny days, and 11.7 C/21.2 C night/day for cloudy days. The two levels of light were (1) 18,299 lx for sunny days, and (2) 16,656 lx for cloudy days. These two factors were combined in four regimes to represent (1) sunny-day temperature and light; (2) sunny-day temperature and alternate weeks of sunny-day and cloudy-day light; (3) alternate weeks of sunny-day and cloudy-day temperature and sunny-day light; and (4) alternate weeks of sunny-day temperature and light, and cloudy-day temperature and light. Four series of plants showed a common trend. Consistent sunny-day temperature and alternating weeks of sunny or cloudy-day light produced the highest incidence of BR. Alternating weeks of temperature levels with consistent sunny-day light produced less BR but not significantly so. When sunny-day temperature and light were alternated weekly with cloudy day conditions, there was a reduced percentage of BR and less severe symptoms. This regime suggests a compensatory effect when temperature is varied directly with changes in light intensity. The regime for consistent sunny-day temperature and light gave the lowest BR incidence with mild symptoms.

Effect of tiller age and time of nitrogen stress on seed production of Paspalum plicatulum

1973 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Chadhokar ◽  
L. R. Humphreys
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Nitrogen Supply ◽  
Nitrogen Stress ◽  
Floral Initiation ◽  
Final Maturation

SummaryPaspalum plicatulum was grown at Brisbane in boxes of sand receiving basal nutrients and frequent irrigation; weekly levels of ammonium nitrate application were varied according to growth and development stage.The rate of tiller appearance increased to a maximum 40–50 days after sowing and almost ceased thereafter. Tiller leaf number, survival, fertility, inflorescence branching, seeds per raceme and seed size were positively related to tiller age. Young tillers were more sensitive to variations in nitrogen supply than old tillers.Adequate nitrogen nutrition during the vegetative phase from sowing to floral initiation (93 days) increased tiller and hence inflorescence density; increased inflorescence branching was compensated by fewer seeds per raceme. Good nitrogen nutrition during the phase from floral initiation to inflorescence exsertion (142 days) increased survival of late-formed tillers and hence inflorescence density; inflorescence branching, seeds per raceme and seed size were also increased. Nitrogen stress during the final maturation phase did not affect seed yield.

SELECTIVE CONTROL OF ANNUAL BLUEGRASS IN KENTUCKY BLUEGRASS TURF WITH LINURON

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 469-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. INGRATTA ◽  
G. R. STEPHENSON ◽  
C. M. SWITZER
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Regime ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
Selective Control ◽  
Excellent Control

Optimum top growth of annual bluegrass (Pao annua L.) and Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) was obtained at 24/12 °C day/night temperature regime in controlled environment studies. The tolerance of seedling Kentucky bluegrass to linuron [3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1)methylurea] appeared to be greatest at this temperature regime when photoperiods were 16 h in length. A granular formulation of linuron gave excellent control of annual bluegrass in Kentucky bluegrass turf at 6.7 kg/ha when applied postemergence. At this rate, all culitivars of Kentucky bluegrass tested, with the exception of Fylking, were tolerant to linuron as a granular formulation. After application of linuron at 3.4–6.7 kg/ha, phytotoxic residues remained in the soil at sufficient levels to injure seedling Kentucky bluegrass for up to 3 mo.

scholarly journals Estimation of Rice Yield Loss Using a Simple Linear Regression Model for Bacterial Blight Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-79
Author(s):  
T H Ansari ◽  
M Ahmed ◽  
S Akter ◽  
M S Mian ◽  
M A Latif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Blight ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Susceptible Variety ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Crop Growth Stages ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

Field experiment was carried out in hot and humid summer (Transplanted Aus) season to realize the yield loss of a susceptible rice variety Purbachi inoculated with bacterial blight (BB). Treatments consist of BB inoculations at different crop growth stages like maximum tillering (MT), panicle initiation (PI), booting (Bt), flowering and heading stages differently including a control (no BB inoculation). Disease severity index (DSI) was measured at 14 days after inoculation (DAI) and harvest. Data on 1000-grain-weight and yield was recorded at harvest. Significant variation on DSI was observed among different BB inoculated crop growth stages. MT, PI and Boot stage inoculations showed similar (DSI 7.1-8.0) but higher DSI than flowering and heading stages inoculation (3.2-5.3) even control (0.00) at 14 DAI. However, all the treatments showed similar DSI 9.0 at harvest. Bacterial blight can affect the grain weight to some extent although it was insignificant among the treatments (0.1-4.5%). DSI showed negative correlation with 1000-grain weight (r=-0.77*) and similarly with the yield (r=-0.97**). The yield ranged from 2.4-3.4 t/ha among the treatments. The yield loss was observed 5.8-30.4% in the BB inoculated treatments. MT, PI and Boot stages inoculation affected the yield much resulting 21-30.4% yield loss. It could be concluded that a susceptible variety can be affected with significant yield loss up to 30.4% with severe outbreak of B B. A simple regression equation = 4.09-0.211X( = Yield, X = BB severity score) is suggested for the prediction of yield loss in susceptible variety in summer season. Bangladesh Rice j. 2019, 23(1): 73-79

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