Response of Mitchell grasses (Astrebla F. Muell.) to photoperiod and temperature

1970 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 395 ◽  
Author(s):  
FX Jozwik
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Floral Initiation ◽  
Leaf Production ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Main Tiller ◽  
Effect On Growth

Controlled environment experiments were carried out to determine the effect of temperature and photoperiod on Astrebla pectinata, A. lappacea, A. elymoides, and A. squarrosa. Photoperiod had little effect on growth and development of tillers and on floral initiation, but did affect numbers of emergent inflorescences. Usually, inflorescence production increased with decreasing photoperiod. Temperature had significant effects on all parameters measured (number of main tillers and emergent inflorescences, elongation of main tillers, and number of leaves and axillary tillers per main tiller). Growth per tiller and leaf production increased with temperature (up to 30/25�C) but for tiller numbers the optimum was about 28/23�, Geographically separated strains of A. pectinata generally exhibited similar responses to photoperiod and temperature while different species from the same location differed in their response.

scholarly journals Growth and Development of Ipomoea Weeds

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.A.M. BARROSO ◽  
P.S.H. FERREIRA ◽  
D. MARTINS
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Growth Data ◽  
Leaf Production ◽  
Cycle Times ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Periodic Growth ◽  
Productive Potential ◽  
Number Of Leaves

ABSTRACT: Weeds reduce the productive potential of crops. Plants of the Ipomoea genus, besides competing for water, light, space and nutrients, create problems in crop harvests due to their volatile stems. The objective of this work was to evaluate the growth and development of five Ipomoea species. For such, Ipomoea grandifolia, Ipomoea hederifolia, Ipomoea nil, Ipomoea purpurea and Ipomoea quamoclit plants were analyzed during the summer and winter season. Five destructive and periodic growth evaluations were carried out for each study, where leaf number, leaves, stems, roots and the total biomass were analyzed. Phenological stages of the plant development were also evaluated for emergence, flowering and maturation sub-periods by degree-days, totalizing five treatments, conducted in a completely randomized design with four replicates. The phenology averages were analyzed according to the Hess scale, and the growth data through nonlinear regressions. I. quamoclit and I. grandifolia obtained the highest number of leaves in the summer and the winter, respectively. I. nil obtained greater accumulation of leaf and stem dry biomass in both seasons. I. grandifolia obtained greater root development in both periods. I. quamoclit presented reduced cycle times when compared to the other species, especially I. hederifolia and I. grandifolia, which presented larger cycles. Based on the results, I. grandifolia probably shows greater interference with agricultural crops due to high root growth, high leaf production and longer cycle. Shorter-cycle species, such as I. quamoclit, when present, should require shorter residual control periods.

Temperature and Photoperiod Effects on Onionweed (Asphodelus fistulosus) and Its Potential Range in the United States

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 684-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
David T. Patterson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Reproductive Development ◽  
The United States ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Potential Range ◽  
Leaf Production ◽  
Environmental Responses ◽  
The U.S

Environmental factors that affect the growth and development of onionweed were evaluated in order to predict its potential range and impact in the U.S. In controlled-environment experiments, onionweed achieved 60 to 100% of its maximum vegetative growth at temperatures ranging from 18/11 to 30/23 C day/night. The greatest biomass was produced at day temperatures of 18 or 24 C and night temperatures of 11 or 17 C. Leaf production and reproductive development were greatest at 18/11 C. Plants eventually flowered also at 18/17, 24/17, and 24/11 C but not in any regime with a 30 C-day or a 23 C-night. Flowering occurred earlier in 16-h photoperiods than in 16-h photoperiods than in 8-h photoperiods. Climatic analyses revealed no U.S. analogs of the principal Australian onionweed sites. Based on its environmental responses and its pattern of distribution as a weed in Australia, onionweed will likely remain confined to the southwestern U.S.

Effects of Night Temperature on Growth and Development of IR8 Rice

1972 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. C. Owen
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Effects ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Floral Initiation ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
Actual Temperature ◽  
Temperature Levels

SUMMARYUnder controlled environment conditions rice variety IR8 was subjected to night temperatures of 15, 20 and 25°C during each of the three periods (a) sowing to floral initiation, (b) initiation to panicle emergence, and (c) panicle emergence to maturity, with day temperatures of 30°C throughout. Night temperatures of 15°C prevented floral initiation throughout the experiment, an effect partly overcome by transfer to higher temperatures after 102 days but not without yield loss. The optimum night temperature was 20–25°C, with some evidence of change of temperature effects, as distinct from the effect of actual temperature levels. As IR8 was developed under relatively stress-free conditions, its sensitivity to temperatures below 15°C may be greater than in varieties developed elsewhere.

The Growth and Development of Caltha introloba F. Muell. I. The Pattern and Control of Flowering

1989 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 275 ◽  
Author(s):  
IF Wardlow ◽  
MW Moncur ◽  
CJ Totterdell
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
National Park ◽  
Floral Development ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
High Irradiance ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Floral Initiation ◽  
Cold Requirement ◽  
And Control ◽  
Snow Fall

The floral development of Caltha introloba F. Muell. was surveyed in the short alpine herbfield areas located in the vicinity of Charlottes Pass, in the Kosciusko National Park. This study included a detailed examination, by scanning electron microscopy, of changes occurring at the shoot apex. Floral initiation occurred in mid summer (January) and flowers were fully developed and in many instances ready to shed pollen, before the first snow fall in late autumn (May). The flowers generally remained closed until after the snow melted in spring (October), although some opening did occur under the snow if this remained until late in the year (mid November). Seed development was normally complete towards the end of summer (late January to February). Controlled environment studies demonstrated that floral initiation and development were favoured by long days and high irradiance. These factors may represent important controls in the field where floral initiation occurs as daylength and irradiance reach their maximum levels. Also it was shown experimentally that there is a cold requirement before the flowers, that are otherwise fully developed, will open. This requirement should ensure that premature opening will not occur in autumn.

Effect of tiller age and time of nitrogen stress on seed production of Paspalum plicatulum

1973 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Chadhokar ◽  
L. R. Humphreys
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Nitrogen Supply ◽  
Nitrogen Stress ◽  
Floral Initiation ◽  
Final Maturation

SummaryPaspalum plicatulum was grown at Brisbane in boxes of sand receiving basal nutrients and frequent irrigation; weekly levels of ammonium nitrate application were varied according to growth and development stage.The rate of tiller appearance increased to a maximum 40–50 days after sowing and almost ceased thereafter. Tiller leaf number, survival, fertility, inflorescence branching, seeds per raceme and seed size were positively related to tiller age. Young tillers were more sensitive to variations in nitrogen supply than old tillers.Adequate nitrogen nutrition during the vegetative phase from sowing to floral initiation (93 days) increased tiller and hence inflorescence density; increased inflorescence branching was compensated by fewer seeds per raceme. Good nitrogen nutrition during the phase from floral initiation to inflorescence exsertion (142 days) increased survival of late-formed tillers and hence inflorescence density; inflorescence branching, seeds per raceme and seed size were also increased. Nitrogen stress during the final maturation phase did not affect seed yield.

scholarly journals Influence of Substrate and Fertilization on Growth and Development of Iris adriatica

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ines HAN DOVEDAN ◽  
Sanja MORIC ◽  
Zoran SINDRAK ◽  
Ivana CEROVSKI ◽  
Ivan MUSTAC ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Market Research ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Ornamental Plant ◽  
Design Experiment ◽  
Biometric Analysis ◽  
Potted Plants ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Influence Of Substrate

Iris adriatica is indigenous to Mediterranean part of Croatia. It is an attractive plant and has opportunities for introduction into horticulture and the ornamental plant market. Research was conducted in the experimental garden of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, to assess the possibility of growing this species as a pot plant. Research included 360 potted plants placed as randomized block design experiment. The goal of this research was to determine influence of chosen substrates and fertilizers, as well as to explore growth and development dynamic of the species cultivated outdoors from June till August 2010. The following characteristics were measured: plants height, number of leaves, and number of rosettes. Biometric analysis showed that the development of Iris adriatica was significantly influenced only by substrate, while fertilization and interaction of substrate and fertilization showed no significant impact on examined plants characteristics.

scholarly journals Çeşitli Biyoaktivatör Uygulamalarının Çarkıfelek ve Guava Bitkilerinin Fidan Gelişimi Üzerine Etkileri

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 421
Author(s):  
Canan Nilay Duran ◽  
Gizem Demirkaplan ◽  
Sevinç Şener
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Sapling Growth ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Average Plant ◽  
Average Plant Height

Passionflower is a member of Passifloraceae family, it can be used as medicinal and ornamental plants in addition to its consumption as fruit in the world. Guava (Psidium guajava L.) fruits, which has a rich nutrient content, are consumed both fresh and processed. Passionfruit and guava plants, which can only be cultivated in temperate southern coasts in our country, have gained commercial importance because of the fruits' export potential, high medical importance and nutrient. This study was carried out to determine the effects of some bioactivator applications on the criteria of sapling growth and development of passionflower and guava plants. The experiment was conducted between 2018-2019 under greenhouse conditions. Saplings obtained from seed germination in Akdeniz University Faculty of Agriculture Research and Experiment Area were used as plant material. 3 different commercial preparations called Messenger, Crop-set and ISR-2000 were used as bioactivators. Plant height (cm), stem diameter (mm) and number of leaves (number / plant) were measured weekly, in order to determine the effect of the applications on the growth and development of saplings. At the end of the study, it was determined that the highest average plant height (10.17 cm), stem diameter (13.53 mm) were obtained in ISR-2000 application. The highest average plant height (11.93 cm), stem diameter (16.44 mm) and number of leaves (9.07 units / plant) were obtained from Messenger application in guava plant. When the results obtained are evaluated, it is recommended that ISR-2000 bioactivator can be applied in passionflower sapling cultivation and Messenger bioactivator can be applied for guava sapling cultivation.

scholarly journals FEATURES OF GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT DYNAMICS OF LAUREL BRANCHES IN WEST GEORGIA (SAMEGRELO REGION) CONDITIONS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sh. I. Kapanadze ◽  
◽  
R. Sh. Kopaliani ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Intensive Growth

The paper presents the results of a study, the aim of which was to determine the features of growth and development dynamics of Laurel plant branches in Samegrelo conditions. Studies have shownthat the main branches of the Laurel are characterized by intensive growth, and the number of leaves varies according to the type of branches. Most of the leaves are on the main branches, and the least -on the side branches of previous and current year. Young branches of Laurel have active and relatively passive periods of growth. There are three or four periods during the whole vegetating, which does not happen onall types of branches at the same time

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