Intercropping Pigeonpea to Conserve Fertilizer Nitrogen in Maize and Produce Residual Effects On Sugarcane

1981 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Cajanus Cajan ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Soil N ◽  
N Content ◽  
Fertilizer Nitrogen

SUMMARYField experiments were conducted for 3 years covering 4 crop seasons at Lucknow to study the utility of pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) as an intercrop in economizing N for maize (Zea mays) and to assess the residual fertility of kharif crops on autumn-planted sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum). Pigeonpea increased the soil N content due to substantial nodulation, but as an intercrop it did not increase the yield of maize at any level of nitrogen. Sugarcane grown after pigeonpea yielded 43% more than when grown after maize. Intercropping pigeonpea in maize would be more beneficial than growing a pure crop of maize before planting sugarcane.

Enhancing Soil Fertility through Intercropping, Inoculation and Fertilizer

2016 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Muhammad Arshad Ullah ◽  
Nazir Hussain ◽  
Helge Schmeisky ◽  
Muhammad Rasheed
Keyword(s):  
Plant Uptake ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Vicia Sativa ◽  
Soil N ◽  
N Content ◽  
Seed Inoculation ◽  
Crop Harvest ◽  
Total Soil N

The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of intercropping grass (Panicummaximum) and legumes (Vicia sativa and cowpeas) alone or coupled with inoculation or fertilizer on soilfertility. The study comprised of two field experiments conducted under rain fed conditions for two years(June, 2005 to September, 2007) at National Agriculture Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan. In oneexperiment intercropping (33, 50 and 67%) of grass and legumes alone as well as coupled with seedinoculation were studied while, same set of treatments was combined with fertilizer application at the ratesof 25, 75 and 50 kg/ha (N, P2O5 and K2O) in the second experiment. Total soil N increased by 0.008% dueto symbiotic fixation in addition to plant uptake under best treatment when compared with grass alonewhile, soil organic matter increased by 0.19%. After crop harvest soil N content was determined to behigher in all the treatments of the experiment compared with growing grass alone. Legumes caused rhizobialN fixation that caused an increase in soil N. Similarly, intercropping and inoculation increased this soilcharacteristic that was found to be non-significant in the first crop but later on became significant, especiallywhen intercropping of grass with legumes after seed inoculation was investigated or fertilizer wassupplemented to the crops. Thus, not only grass used the symbiotically fixed N by companion legumesbut also enhanced the soil N content. The effect of fertilizer was not measurable statistically in case of soilorganic matter. This parameter, in general, was not affected significantly when assessed after first cropharvest. Nevertheless, legumes alone or intercropped within grass increased this important soil constituent.Inoculation proved further beneficial in this regard but combination of intercropping (especially 67%)either with seed inoculation or application of fertilizer was found as the best technique for increasing soilorganic matter.

Bio-efficacy of post emergence herbicides in boro rice nursery as well as main field and their residual effects on non-target microorganisms

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-210
Author(s):  
Rajib Kundu ◽  
Mousumi Mondal ◽  
Sourav Garai ◽  
Ramyajit Mondal ◽  
Ratneswar Poddar
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Main Field ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Similar Treatment

Field experiments were conducted at research farm of Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Kalyani, West Bengal, India (22°97' N latitude and 88°44' E longitude, 9.75 m above mean sea level) under natural weed infestations in boro season rice (nursery bed as well as main field) during 2017-18 and 2018-19 to evaluate the herbicidal effects on weed floras, yield, non-target soil organisms to optimize the herbicide use for sustainable rice-production. Seven weed control treatments including three doses of bispyribac-sodium 10% SC (150,200, and 250 ml ha-1), two doses of fenoxaprop-p-ethyl 9.3% EC (500 and 625 ml ha-1), one weed free and weedy check were laid out in a randomized complete block design, replicated thrice. Among the tested herbicides, bispyribac-sodium with its highest dose (250 ml ha-1) resulted in maximum weed control efficiency, treatment efficiency index and crop resistance index irrespective of weed species and dates of observation in both nursery as well as main field. Similar treatment also revealed maximum grain yield (5.20 t ha-1), which was 38.38% higher than control, closely followed by Fenoxaprop-p-ethyl (625 ml ha-1) had high efficacy against grasses, sedge and broadleaf weed flora. Maximum net return (Rs. 48765 ha-1) and benefit cost ratio (1.72) were obtained from the treatment which received bispyribac-sodium @ 250 ml ha-1. Based on overall performance, the bispyribac-sodium (250 ml ha-1) may be considered as the best herbicide treatment for weed management in transplanted rice as well as nursery bed.

scholarly journals Plant and soil nitrogen in oligotrophic boreal forest habitats with varying moss depths: does exclusion of large grazers matter?

Oecologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Väisänen ◽  
Maria Tuomi ◽  
Hannah Bailey ◽  
Jeffrey M. Welker
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
N Dynamics ◽  
N Content ◽  
Feather Moss ◽  
Foliar N ◽  
Plant Soil ◽  
Plant Soil Interactions

AbstractThe boreal forest consists of drier sunlit and moister-shaded habitats with varying moss abundance. Mosses control vascular plant–soil interactions, yet they all can also be altered by grazers. We determined how 2 decades of reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) exclusion affect feather moss (Pleurozium schreberi) depth, and the accompanying soil N dynamics (total and dissolvable inorganic N, δ15N), plant foliar N, and stable isotopes (δ15N, δ13C) in two contrasting habitats of an oligotrophic Scots pine forest. The study species were pine seedling (Pinus sylvestris L.), bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.), lingonberry (V. vitis-idaea L.), and feather moss. Moss carpet was deeper in shaded than sunlit habitats and increased with grazer exclusion. Humus N content increased in the shade as did humus δ15N, which also increased due to exclusion in the sunlit habitats. Exclusion increased inorganic N concentration in the mineral soil. These soil responses were correlated with moss depth. Foliar chemistry varied due to habitat depending on species identity. Pine seedlings showed higher foliar N content and lower foliar δ15N in the shaded than in the sunlit habitats, while bilberry had both higher foliar N and δ15N in the shade. Thus, foliar δ15N values of co-existing species diverged in the shade indicating enhanced N partitioning. We conclude that despite strong grazing-induced shifts in mosses and subtler shifts in soil N, the N dynamics of vascular vegetation remain unchanged. These indicate that plant–soil interactions are resistant to shifts in grazing intensity, a pattern that appears to be common across boreal oligotrophic forests.

Fusarium andiyazi. [Distribution map].

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Sweet Sorghum ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
New South ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
South Wales ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Fusarium andiyazi Marasas, Rheeder, Lampr., K.A. Zeller and J.F. Leslie. (Sordariomycetes: Hypocreales: Nectriaceae). Hosts: sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum), rice (Oryza sativa), maize (Zea mays) and sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Africa (Burkina Faso, Egypt, Ethiopia, Nigeria, South Africa, Tanzania), Asia (China, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, India, Tamil Nadu, Iran, Malaysia, Korea Republic, Syria, Vietnam), Europe (Italy), North America (Mexico, USA, Colorado, Nebraska), Oceania (Australia, New South Wales, Queensland) and South America (Argentina).

scholarly journals Macrofauna edáfica associada a plantas de cobertura em plantio direto em um Latossolo Vermelho do Cerrado

2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenio Guimarães Santos ◽  
Pedro Marques da Silveira ◽  
Robélio Leandro Marchão ◽  
Thierry Becquer ◽  
Luiz Carlos Balbino
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Cajanus Cajan ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
Crotalaria Juncea ◽  
Stylosanthes Guianensis

O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar a macrofauna edáfica e avaliar o efeito de plantas de cobertura em plantio direto, nos principais grupos da macrofauna do solo, em duas épocas de avaliação em um Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso, com oito tratamentos (plantas de cobertura) e quatro repetições. As plantas de cobertura: Crotalaria juncea, guandu-anão (Cajanus cajan), Stylosanthes guianensis, Brachiaria brizantha, B. brizantha consorciada com milho (Zea mays), milheto (Pennisetum glaucum), mombaça (Panicum maximum) e Sorghum bicolor foram cultivadas de novembro a abril. Em setembro de cada ano, foi realizado o plantio de feijão, em cultivo irrigado por pivô central. A área útil em cada parcela foi de 60 m². Amostras de solo na forma de monólitos (25x25 cm) foram retiradas aleatoriamente em cada parcela, para contagem da macrofauna, às profundidades de 0-10 cm e 10-20 cm, em abril e em setembro de 2005. Os grupos taxonômicos, identificados em ordem decrescente de densidade relativa, são: Formicidae, Oligochaeta, Dermaptera, Coleoptera, Hemiptera, Miriapoda, Isoptera, Araneae, Lepidoptera, Blattodea e larvas de Diptera. Crotalaria juncea apresentou maior densidade de macrofauna, seguida por B. Brizantha, B. Brizantha consorciada com milho, Sorghum bicolor, Stylosanthes guianensis, Cajanus Cajans, Pennisetum Glaucum e Panicum maximum. O uso das plantas de cobertura, associado à irrigação na avaliação de setembro, favorece a colonização do solo pela macrofauna.

scholarly journals Consórcio de milho com braquiária e guandu-anão em sistema de dessecação parcial

2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. 1184-1192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscila de Oliveira ◽  
João Kluthcouski ◽  
José Laércio Favarin ◽  
Darliane de Castro Santos
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Cajanus Cajan ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a viabilidade do consórcio de milho (Zea mays) cv. BRS 1035 com braquiária (Urochloa brizantha) e guandu-anão (Cajanus cajan), no sistema de dessecação parcial. Os experimentos foram realizados na safra de verão de 2008/2009, em Santo Antônio de Goiás, GO e Ipameri, GO, em blocos completos ao acaso, com cinco repetições. Os tratamentos constituíram-se de cultivos de milho, em consórcio com braquiária e guandu-anão, com a aplicação de nitrogênio mineral em cobertura, à emergência da cultura ou aos 20 dias após esse evento, com ou sem aplicação de subdose de herbicida à braquiária não dessecada. A viabilidade do sistema de dessecação parcial é dependente do manejo da adubação nitrogenada do milho ou do controle do crescimento da braquiária nas faixas não dessecadas.

scholarly journals Evapotranspiração do feijoeiro irrigado em plantio direto sobre diferentes palhadas de culturas de cobertura

2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 577-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luís Fernando Stone ◽  
Pedro Marques da Silveira ◽  
José Aloísio Alves Moreira ◽  
Antônio Joaquim Braga Pereira Braz
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Cajanus Cajan ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
Crotalaria Juncea ◽  
Stylosanthes Guianensis ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o efeito das palhadas de diferentes culturas de cobertura na evapotranspiração do feijoeiro irrigado cultivar Pérola. O experimento foi conduzido por dois anos, 2002/2003 e 2003/2004, na Embrapa Arroz e Feijão, em Santo Antônio de Goiás, GO, em Latossolo Vermelho distrófico, em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. No primeiro ano, os tratamentos consistiram de sete culturas de cobertura, conduzidas em plantio direto: braquiária (Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu); milho (Zea mays L.) consorciado com braquiária; guandu anão (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millisp); milheto (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br. cv. BN-2); mombaça (Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça); sorgo granífero (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench cv. BR 304); e estilosantes (Stylosanthes guianensis cv. Mineirão). No segundo ano, foi acrescentada a crotalária (Crotalaria juncea L.). A evapotranspiração, durante o ciclo do feijoeiro, foi determinada pela metodologia do balanço hídrico de campo e variou de 259,8 a 343,7 mm, dependendo da cultura de cobertura e do ano. As palhadas de braquiária e mombaça, pela maior produção de matéria seca, propiciaram as menores perdas de água por evapotranspiração. As maiores diferenças entre as palhadas das culturas de cobertura, com relação à evapotranspiração do feijoeiro, ocorrem nos estádios iniciais e finais do ciclo.

scholarly journals Influence of Foliar Nutrition on Seed Setting Percentage, Yield and Economics of Red Gram (Cajanus cajan (L.)) under Irrigated Condition

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
C. Sivakumar ◽  
Krishnaveni . ◽  
M. Pandiyan
Keyword(s):  
Cajanus Cajan ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Ammonium Phosphate ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Water Spray ◽  
Foliar Nutrition ◽  
Percentage Yield ◽  
Control Water

Field experiments were conducted to study the influence of foliar nutrition on pod setting percentage, yield and economics of red gram (Cajanus cajan (L.)  under the irrigated condition at Regional Research Station, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Paiyur - 635 112, Tamil Nadu, India in Kharif season of 2016-17. To study the effect of different nutrient sources the following treatments were imposed. The treatments include the foliar application of 2% DAP twice at flowering and 15 days thereafter first spray (T1), Foliar application of TNAU pulse wonder at 5 kg/ha at peak flowering (T2), Foliar application of 0.5% MAP twice at flowering and 15 days thereafter first spray (T3). Foliar application of CCC 200 ppm twice at flowering and 15 days thereafter (T4) and Control (water spray)(T5). Among the treatments, it was concluded that application of 0.5% mono ammonium phosphate (MAP) at flowering and 15 days after the first spray recorded the higher grain and stalk yield of 1522 and 6222 kg ha-1 in red gram respectively and also recorded a higher gross income of Rs. 91320, net income of Rs. 50520 and B: C ratio of 2.2. Further, the yield increase was 25% higher yield over control (water spray) and 12% higher over-application of CCC 200 ppm twice at flowering and 15 days after the first spray.

scholarly journals Yield and performance of sugarcane in on-farm interface with rubber in Brazil

2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-255
Author(s):  
Luís Fernando Guedes Pinto ◽  
Marcos Silveira Bernardes ◽  
Antônio Roberto Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
And Performance ◽  
On Farm

Agroforestry systems are indicated as an alternative for sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) cultivation in Piracicaba, SP, Brazil, however there are not many field experiments on plant performance under these conditions in the world. The objective of this work was to assess crop yield and partitioning in a sugarcane-rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) interface in on-farm conditions. The availability of irradiance for the crop along the interface was simulated and its effe ct over sugarcane dry matter production was tested. Crop yield was negatively affected by distance of the trees, but development and sucrose were not affected. Above ground dry matter increased from 16.6 to 51.5 t ha-1 from trees. Partitioning did not have a defined standard, as harvest index increased from 0.85 to 0.93, but specific leaf area was not significant along the transect, ranging from 13.48 to 15.73 m² kg-1. Light is the main factor of competition between the trees and the crop, but the relative importance of below ground interactions increases closer to the trees. Feasibility of the system depends on maturity of the trees and management strategies.

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