Direct and Residual Effects of Green Manure and Fertilizer Nitrogen in a Rice-Rapeseed Production System in the Semiarid Subtropics

Rapeseed has a multifunctional agricultural and environmental value. According to statistics, the growth of acreage occupied by rapeseed in the Russian Federation for 10 years reached 126.8 % or 872.9 thousand ha. The article provides an assessment of spring rapeseed production for oilseeds in the Clearfield system at different levels of mineral nutrition in combination with Ecorost bio-fertilizer in conditions of the Non-Chernozem Zone of Russia. The studies were carried out in 2018–2019 at an experimental agrotechnological station of Ryazan State Agrotechnological University Named after P.A. Kostychev (FSBEI HE RSATU) on gray forest soils. High efficiency of the Clearfield production system has been established. The introduction of N180P120K60 complex for pre-sowing cultivation contributed to the formation of maximum indicators of the rapeseed yield formula and size. The highest yields were shown by Ecorost variants: Kultus KL N180P120K60 (27.8 dt/ha), Cultus KL N180 (27.3 dt/ha), Cebra KL N180P120K60, N180 (24.4 dt/ha), Cyclus KL N180, N90P60K60 (26.6 dt/ha). The maximum profitability of rapeseed oilseeds production was obtained on N180 variant Kultus KL (133.5 %).

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Residual Effects of Fertilizer Nitrogen in Soil

Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica ◽

10.1080/00015127509435059 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 25 (4) ◽

pp. 330-336 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ingvar Lyngstad

Keyword(s):

Residual Effects ◽

Fertilizer Nitrogen

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FERTILIZATION STRATEGIES IN CONSERVATION AGRICULTURE SYSTEMS WITH MAIZE–LEGUME COVER CROP ROTATIONS IN SOUTHERN AFRICA

Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1017/s0014479716000387 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 53 (2) ◽

pp. 288-307 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

W. MUPANGWA ◽

C. THIERFELDER ◽

A. NGWIRA

Keyword(s):

Cover Crops ◽

Green Manure ◽

Residual Effect ◽

Conservation Agriculture ◽

Maize Yield ◽

Inorganic Fertilizer ◽

Residual Effects ◽

Residual Soil ◽

Velvet Bean ◽

Maize Production

SUMMARYMultilocation experiments were established to determine the best strategy for using inorganic fertilizer in conservation agriculture (CA) systems that use green manure cover crops, namely sunhemp, velvet bean and cowpea grown in rotation with maize. The objectives of the study were to determine (i) the effect of half and full rates of basal fertilizer on maize and legume biomass yields, (ii) the residual effects of unfertilized, half and fully fertilized green manure legumes on maize grown after the legumes, and (iii) the residual effect of unfertilized, half and fully fertilized green manure legumes combined with basal and topdressing fertilizer on maize yields. Experimental design was a randomized complete block with basal fertilizer as a treatment in the green manure legumes phase. Previously, in the maize phase, green manure legume species were the main treatment with basal fertilizer as a subtreatment (sunhemp, velvet bean and cowpea: 0, 75, 150 kg ha−1and 0, 50, 100 kg ha−1, respectively). Nitrogen was applied in the maize phase at 0, 23, 46, 69 kg N ha−1as a sub-subtreatment in Malawi. Results showed that inorganic fertilizer is the most effective when applied to the maize, not green manure legumes. Biomass of green manure legumes, sunnhemp 8084 kg ha−1, velvet bean 7678 kg ha−1and cowpea 4520 kg ha−1, was not significantly affected by application of basal fertilizer. Maize production increased after the application of green manure legumes with maize-after-maize, maize-after-velvet bean, maize-after-sunnhemp and maize-after-cowpea, yielding 3804, 5440, 5446 and 5339 kg ha−1, respectively. Nitrogen increased maize yield regardless of the previously used green manure legumes species. Our results suggest that farmers should apply fertilizer to maize and grow green manure legumes on residual soil in CA systems. Despite growing green manure legumes, smallholders should apply nitrogen topdressing to maize grown using the green manure legumes in some agro-ecologies.

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Doses of Crotalaria juncea: Residual effect on zucchini and maize crop in sequence to broccoli

Revista CERES ◽

10.1590/0034-737x201764060006 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 64 (6) ◽

pp. 600-606

Author(s):

Ellen Rúbia Diniz ◽

Thiago de O Vargas ◽

Amanda F Guedes ◽

Ricardo Henrique Silva Santos ◽

Segundo Urquiaga ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Green Manure ◽

Cropping Systems ◽

Residual Effect ◽

Mineral Fertilizer ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Residual Effects ◽

Mineral Fertilization ◽

Maize Crop ◽

Crotalaria Juncea ◽

Absolute Control

ABSTRACT Amounts of N from green manures not absorbed in the first cycle can be absorbed by the subsequent crops. Therefore, it is important to quantify and monitor the residual effects of green manure to increase the agronomic benefits of its use in cropping systems. Our purpose was to study the residual effect of doses of the Crotalaria juncea green manure applied in broccoli crop in the zucchini-maize succession. This study was carried out in a crop succession system organized in three crops, with seven treatments and four major doses of green manure as 0, 3, 6, and 9 t ha-1. The control treatments consisted of a mineral fertilization, a treatment with 25 t ha-1 compost, and another as absolute control without organic compost or mineral fertilizer. The experimental plot consisted of five rows spaced 0.8 m with 3 m in length. The experimental design was a completely randomized block with four replications in a split-plot scheme in time for growth with variables of adjustment of statistical models by the response surface methodology. With the highest dose of green manure, the yield of zucchini plants was greater than the yield with 25 t ha-1 compost control and similar with mineral fertilizer. As for the maize yield in the dose of 9 t ha-1 green manure, the yield was superior only to absolute control. There was a residual effect of C. juncea mass, which was applied in broccoli crop for growth and yield of zucchini and maize grown in succession. The residual effect is dependent on the amount of weight of C. juncea applied, with the greatest effects in larger doses.

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Studies on the effect of green manuring in nitrogen economy in a rice–wheat rotation using a 15N technique

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s002185960008357x ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 111 (3) ◽

pp. 413-417 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

N. N. Goswami ◽

R. Prasad ◽

M. C. Sarkar ◽

S. Singh

Keyword(s):

Green Manure ◽

Agricultural Research ◽

Indian Agricultural Research Institute ◽

Soil Layer ◽

New Delhi ◽

Rice Grain ◽

Agricultural Research Institute ◽

Fertilizer Nitrogen ◽

Green Manuring ◽

Summer Fallow

SummaryA field experiment using 15N was carried out at the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi during the crop year 1985–1986 to investigate the possible economy in fertilizer nitrogen applied to rice and succeeding wheat by growing a summer leguminous green manure (Sesbania aculeata) and incorporating it in soil before transplanting rice. Grain and straw yields of rice with 60 kg N/ha after green manuring were slightly greater than with 120 kg N/ha after summer fallow. Thus summer green manuring can lead to an economy of 60 kg N/ha in rice. 15N analysis showed that green manuring contributed 4·7–5·6% N of the total taken up by rice and 1·9–4·8% of that taken up by the succeeding wheat, depending upon the rate of fertilizer N applied to rice.15N analysis showed that at 60 kg N/ha applied to rice, 35·4% was recovered by rice, 41% by the succeeding wheat and 16·7% was left in the 0–45 cm soil layer after summer fallow; after green manuring 32·8% N was recovered by rice, 3·0% by succeeding wheat and 22·6% was left in the soil. Thus 56·2 and 58·4% of applied N could be accounted for after summer fallow and green manuring, respectively. At 120 kg N/ha about 60–61% of applied N could be accounted for. Thus about 40–44% of N applied to rice was lost by the various loss mechanisms operating in rice fields.

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Manure effect on the incidence of rose diseases in the Integrated Production System

Horticultura Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0102-05362016003017 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 34 (3) ◽

pp. 412-415

Author(s):

Márcia NO Ribeiro ◽

Elka FA Almeida ◽

Simone N Reis ◽

Livia M Carvalho ◽

Júnia RM Figueiredo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Powdery Mildew ◽

Downy Mildew ◽

Production System ◽

Green Manure ◽

Bordeaux Mixture ◽

Integrated Management ◽

Raw Milk ◽

Chemical Fertilizer ◽

Integrated Production ◽

Chemical Fertilization

ABSTRACT Deficiency, excess or imbalance in the combinations of nutritional elements can influence the response of plants to pathogen infection by either increasing the level of defense or favoring the occurrence of diseases. The rose is susceptible to several pathogens and the consumer market requires flower stalks with no level of damage. Therefore, in the production of roses the application of pesticides is performed in a preventive and intensive way, which causes environmental contamination. This study evaluated the effects of chemical fertilization management and intercropping with green manure on the incidence and severity of downy mildew and powdery mildew in rosebushes grown in an Integrated Production System. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse with 'Carolla' rosebushes. The experimental design was a randomized block with split plot in space, with eight treatments and four replications. The treatments consisted of four percentages of chemical fertilizer (25%, 50%, 75% and 100%), based on fertilization recommended for culture of rosebushes in the state of Minas Gerais, versus the presence or absence of green manure (Calopogonium mucunoides). Treatments that did not receive 100% of the chemical fertilizer had been incremented with two types of bio-fertilizers applied monthly, Bokashi (16 g/plant, applied to soil) and Supermagro (5% applied to leaves). Assessments of disease were carried out weekly on the central leaves of the productive flower stalks. In the integrated management of disease, preventive applications were made with alternative products and biological pesticides, such as neem oil (Azadirachta indica), sodium bicarbonate, bordeaux mixture, infusion of Equisetum sp., raw milk, silicon and bio-fertilizers. The alternative pesticides were efficient; however, despite reducing the frequency of application, spraying with chemical pesticides was necessary. None of the treatments related to chemical fertilization and intercropping with green manure influenced the incidence and severity of downy mildew and powdery mildew in 'Carolla' rosebushes.

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Nitrogen nutrition of cereals in a short-term rotation. I. Single season treatments as a source of nitrogen for subsequent cereal crops

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar9810703 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 32 (5) ◽

pp. 703 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

I Papastylianou ◽

DW Puckridge ◽

ED Carter

Keyword(s):

Soil Nitrogen ◽

Nitrogen Availability ◽

Subterranean Clover ◽

Residual Effects ◽

Yield Response ◽

Wheat Crop ◽

First Year ◽

Fertilizer Nitrogen ◽

The Third ◽

Second Year

The residual effects of one season of five cultural treatments common in southern Australian dryland farming were examined with respect to soil water and nitrogen, and the production of cereals in the next two years. The initial treatments were medic or subterranean clover pasture, faba beans, oats or bare fallow. In the second year barley, wheat and triticale were grown on the same plots, with 0,30,60 or 90 kg ha-1 of fertilizer nitrogen. Wheat was sown over the whole area for the third season. The medic and subterranean clover pastures contributed approximately 100 kg ha-1 of nitrogen in top growth, but this remained on the surface until cultivation. Oats and fallow plots declined in total soil nitrogen by about 70 kg ha-1. The nitrogen content of the faba bean stubble showed that this crop has the potential of providing equivalent nitrogen to a good legume pasture. At the beginning of the second season the previous plots of fallow, beans, subterranean clover and medic had 36,27, 14 and 12 mm more water in the top metre of soil than oat plots. Cereals after oats apparently did not respond to fertilizer nitrogen because of the dry conditions, but on other plots the yield response was not proportional to the additional water. Although first year treatments affected growth of the three cereals in the second season, the new cereal, triticale, showed no evidence of different adaptation to growing conditions than wheat or barley. The effects of first and second year treatments carried through to the wheat crop in the third season. There were marked differences in nitrogen availability, but evidence that the second crop was depleting soil nitrogen reserves. Nitrogen from first year legume residues was available earlier in the season than second year fertilizer nitrogen which had been leached from the surface soil.

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Intercropping Pigeonpea to Conserve Fertilizer Nitrogen in Maize and Produce Residual Effects On Sugarcane

Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1017/s0014479700011674 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 311-315 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

R. L. Yadav

Keyword(s):

Zea Mays ◽

Cajanus Cajan ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Saccharum Officinarum ◽

Residual Effects ◽

Soil N ◽

N Content ◽

Fertilizer Nitrogen

SUMMARYField experiments were conducted for 3 years covering 4 crop seasons at Lucknow to study the utility of pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) as an intercrop in economizing N for maize (Zea mays) and to assess the residual fertility of kharif crops on autumn-planted sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum). Pigeonpea increased the soil N content due to substantial nodulation, but as an intercrop it did not increase the yield of maize at any level of nitrogen. Sugarcane grown after pigeonpea yielded 43% more than when grown after maize. Intercropping pigeonpea in maize would be more beneficial than growing a pure crop of maize before planting sugarcane.

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PRODUCTIVITY AND PROFITABILITY OF THE TRANSGENIC COTTON–WHEAT PRODUCTION SYSTEM THROUGH PEANUT INTERCROPPING AND FYM ADDITION

Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1017/s0014479713000197 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 49 (3) ◽

pp. 321-335 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

RAMAN JEET SINGH ◽

I. P. S. AHLAWAT ◽

KULDEEP KUMAR

Keyword(s):

South Asian ◽

Production System ◽

Farmyard Manure ◽

Residual Effects ◽

Pure Stand ◽

Asian Countries ◽

Important Place ◽

Nitrogen Economy ◽

Net Return ◽

Wheat Production

SUMMARYThe cotton–wheat production system (CWPS) occupies an important place in the agricultural economy of several South Asian countries. The instability of the CWPS has increased particularly during the post-transgenic hybrids phase mainly because of these hybrids calling for intensive crop management being cultivated under all situations, especially in resource-poor conditions leading to violent fluctuations during adverse years and thereby affecting the socio-economic status of these developing countries. A study was conducted to evaluate and quantify the effect of the two-tier intercropping of cotton and peanut with the substitution of a 25–50% recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN) of cotton by farmyard manure (FYM) on productivity, profitability and nitrogen economy in the CWPS at New Delhi during 2006–08. To quantify the residual effects of previous crops and their fertility levels, a succeeding crop of wheat was grown with varying rates of nitrogen, viz. 0, 50, 100 and 150 kg ha−1. Wheat equivalent productivity was significantly more with the inclusion of peanut in the CWPS (21–26%) with a high net return (US$288) than a pure stand of cotton in the CWPS. The substitution of 25% RDN of cotton by FYM being on par with no substitution recorded a higher wheat equivalent yield, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake, net return and nitrogen use efficiencies. Nitrogen economy in wheat was 22 kg ha−1 due to inclusion of peanut in the CWPS and 13 kg ha−1 due to substitution of the 25% RDN of cotton by FYM. The study suggested that for the success of the CWPS in South Asian countries, escalating prices of N fertilizers with environmental issues and the instability of transgenic hybrids can be overcome by using wider rows of cotton by peanut intercrop with the integrated use of both organic and inorganic sources of nitrogen.

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