TRIANGULATING TECHNOLOGY DIFFUSION INDICATORS: ZERO TILLAGE WHEAT IN SOUTH ASIA'S IRRIGATED PLAINS

2010 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
OLAF ERENSTEIN
Keyword(s):  
Impact Assessment ◽  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Technology Diffusion ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Agronomic Practices ◽  
Empirical Ground ◽  
Ground Truthing

SUMMARYImpact assessment hinges on reliable indicators of technology uptake, but this poses particular challenges for new agronomic practices in emerging economies. This paper presents a triangulation approach to assess technology diffusion and illustrates it by assessing the extent and dynamics of zero tillage wheat in South Asia's rice-wheat systems. Various diffusion indicators from three different data methods (secondary data, supply-side surveys, demand-side surveys) are contrasted for two different locations (India's Haryana State and Pakistan's Punjab province) for the period 2000–2004. Such multi-indicator, multi-site and multi-year triangulation enhances the robustness of the inferences and provides the necessary perspective. The three sources coincide in terms of diffusion of zero tillage wheat having increased since 2000, but in particular the empirical surveys show a much slower uptake and subsequent stagnation in the Pakistan Punjab study area. The paper thereby reiterates the need for empirical ground truthing of technology uptake and the need for robust and complementary diffusion indicators.

scholarly journals The position of the farm holiday in Austrian tourism

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 697-711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika Quendler
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Relative Position ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Tourist Destinations ◽  
Tourist Accommodation

AbstractTourism is vitally important to the Austrian economy. The number of tourist destinations, both farms and other forms of accommodation, in the different regions of Austria is considerably and constantly changing. This paper discusses the position of the ‘farm holiday’ compared to other forms of tourism. Understanding the resilience of farm holidays is especially important but empirical research on this matter remains limited. The term ‘farm holiday’ covers staying overnight on a farm that is actively engaged in agriculture and has a maximum of 10 guest beds. The results reported in this paper are based on an analysis of secondary data from 2000 and 2018 by looking at two types of indicator: (i) accommodation capacity (supply side) and (ii) attractiveness of a destination (demand side). The data sets cover Austria and its NUTS3 regions. The results show the evolution of farm holidays vis-à-vis other forms of tourist accommodation. In the form of a quadrant matrix they also show the relative position of farm holidays regionally. While putting into question the resilience of farm holidays, the data also reveals where farm holidays could act to expand this niche or learn and improve to effect a shift in their respective position relative to the market ‘leaders’. However, there is clearly a need to learn more about farm holidays within the local context. This paper contributes to our knowledge of farm holidays from a regional point of view and tries to elaborate on the need for further research.

Application of a Tax to E-Commerce Deliveries in Barcelona

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110124
Author(s):  
Genís Majoral ◽  
Francesc Gasparín ◽  
Sergi Saurí
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Environmental Tax ◽  
Positive Outcomes ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Revenue Collection ◽  
Last Mile ◽  
The Impact

The number of e-commerce transactions is increasing worldwide. Deliveries of goods purchased online generate externalities throughout the whole supply chain and, particularly, the increasing concern about the last-mile distribution of goods. The escalating presence of vans in cities contributes to poor air quality, climate change, noise, and congestion. So far, the majority of solutions to address this issue are based on the supply side, such as electric vans, optimizing the routing and pick-up-points, and so forth. Even in other transport sectors, pricing solutions are well known, yet they have not been extended to e-commerce delivery. This paper aims to propose an environmental tax falling on the demand side and equaling the externalities from this activity. The analysis has been particularized for the case of Barcelona. A cost–benefit analysis to assess the impact of such a tax has been carried out. When revenue collection is reinvested in the logistics sector, and for subsidizing electric distribution vehicles, the results indicate that the levying of the tax can generate positive outcomes.

ANALYZING THE RELATIVE INFLUENCE OF SUPPLY SIDE, DEMAND SIDE AND REGULATORY FACTORS ON THE SUCCESS OF COLLABORATIVE ENERGY INNOVATION PROJECTS

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (02) ◽  
pp. 1650029 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALEXANDRA RESE ◽  
ANKE KUTSCHKE ◽  
DANIEL BAIER
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Success Factors ◽  
Relative Influence ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Regulatory Factors ◽  
Innovation Projects ◽  
Energy Innovation

The analysis of the importance of supply side and demand side factors with regard to innovative behavior is quite old. In this paper, these two categories are used to distinguish and examine the relevance of several success factors for collaborative innovation projects on the firm level in the German energy sector. The literature emphasizes that solving environmental problems requires extensive technological change. On the other hand, due to higher prices the market push is weaker. Regulatory factors are therefore designed to stimulate environmental innovations. The relative influence of these three categories on project performance is investigated on the basis of a sample of 128 German collaborative energy innovation projects in the development phase using a scale-based approach and structural equation modeling at the firm level. The results confirm the importance of supply side factors followed by demand side factors. In contrast to literary assumptions, R&D subsidies played no significant role.

scholarly journals Causal Relations of Upscaled Urban Aquaponics and the Food-Water-Energy Nexus—A Berlin Case Study

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 2029
Author(s):  
Gösta F.M. Baganz ◽  
Manfred Schrenk ◽  
Oliver Körner ◽  
Daniela Baganz ◽  
Karel J. Keesman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Causal Link ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Annual Fish ◽  
Causal Relations ◽  
Water Energy Nexus ◽  
Facility Level ◽  
Predominant Effect

Aquaponics, the water-reusing production of fish and crops, is taken as an example to investigate the consequences of upscaling a nature-based solution in a circular city. We developed an upscaled-aquaponic scenario for the German metropolis of Berlin, analysed the impacts, and studied the system dynamics. To meet the annual fish, tomato, and lettuce demand of Berlin’s 3.77 million residents would require approximately 370 aquaponic facilities covering a total area of 224 hectares and the use of different combinations of fish and crops: catfish/tomato (56%), catfish/lettuce (13%), and tilapia/tomato (31%). As a predominant effect, in terms of water, aquaponic production would save about 2.0 million m3 of water compared to the baseline. On the supply-side, we identified significant causal link chains concerning the Food-Water-Energy nexus at the aquaponic facility level as well as causal relations of a production relocation to Berlin. On the demand-side, a ‘freshwater pescatarian diet’ is discussed. The new and comprehensive findings at different system levels require further investigations on this topic. Upscaled aquaponics can produce a relevant contribution to Berlin’s sustainability and to implement it, research is needed to find suitable sites for local aquaponics in Berlin, possibly inside buildings, on urban roofscape, or in peri-urban areas.

scholarly journals Macroeconomics of growth

2019 ◽  
pp. 59-91
Author(s):  
Deepak Nayyar
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Macroeconomic Policies ◽  
Government Deficits ◽  
Inflation Rates ◽  
Investment Growth

Economic growth over fifty years in the Asian-14 has been stunning. Investment and savings, which rose rapidly, were the main drivers of growth. Education was also a sustained driver of growth on the supply-side. From the demand-side, growth was primarily private-consumption-expenditure led and investment led. The interaction between the supply-side and the demand-side suggests a virtuous circle of cumulative causation, where rapid investment growth coincided in time with rapid export growth, leading to rapid GDP growth. In macroeconomic management, the successful countries did not follow orthodox prescriptions of balanced budgets and price stability. Their primary macroeconomic objectives were economic growth and employment creation. Their macroeconomic policies were also more versatile in their use of policy instruments. Their success in maintaining high growth rates increased their degrees of freedom, which enabled them to finance government deficits and raise sustainable levels of government borrowing, while making higher inflation rates politically more acceptable, which would not have been possible if economic growth was slow.

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