DEALING WITH CLIMATE-RELATED RISKS: SOME PIONEERING IDEAS FOR ENHANCED PASTORAL RISK MANAGEMENT IN AFRICA

2011 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 375-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROBERT OUMA ◽  
ANDREW MUDE ◽  
JEANNETTE VAN DE STEEG
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Rainfall Variability ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Pastoral Systems ◽  
Pilot Studies ◽  
Development Interventions ◽  
External Pressures ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Management Approaches

SUMMARYThis paper makes the case for innovative risk management approaches in pastoral settings, which may include adjustments to the traditionally practiced approaches that have become progressively less effective. We use recent data from studies in Kenya and southern Ethiopia to confirm that traditional pastoral risk management approaches are increasingly futile against increasing external pressures, seasonal rainfall variability and future climate change. Some pioneering approaches and ideas, with potentially wider application to African pastoral settings, appear to offer greater hope; these include pilot studies designed to demonstrate the efficacy of index-based risk transfer products in pastoral systems, improvements in the management of food insecurity response for pastoralists and the recasting of development interventions as risk management. The International Livestock Research Institute, in collaboration with a wide range of partners, is currently testing these ideas.

scholarly journals Trends in Molecular Diagnosis and Diversity Studies for Phytosanitary Regulated Xanthomonas

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 862
Author(s):  
Vittoria Catara ◽  
Jaime Cubero ◽  
Joël F. Pothier ◽  
Eran Bosis ◽  
Claude Bragard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Diagnosis ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Diversity Studies

Bacteria in the genus Xanthomonas infect a wide range of crops and wild plants, with most species responsible for plant diseases that have a global economic and environmental impact on the seed, plant, and food trade. Infections by Xanthomonas spp. cause a wide variety of non-specific symptoms, making their identification difficult. The coexistence of phylogenetically close strains, but drastically different in their phenotype, poses an added challenge to diagnosis. Data on future climate change scenarios predict an increase in the severity of epidemics and a geographical expansion of pathogens, increasing pressure on plant health services. In this context, the effectiveness of integrated disease management strategies strongly depends on the availability of rapid, sensitive, and specific diagnostic methods. The accumulation of genomic information in recent years has facilitated the identification of new DNA markers, a cornerstone for the development of more sensitive and specific methods. Nevertheless, the challenges that the taxonomic complexity of this genus represents in terms of diagnosis together with the fact that within the same bacterial species, groups of strains may interact with distinct host species demonstrate that there is still a long way to go. In this review, we describe and discuss the current molecular-based methods for the diagnosis and detection of regulated Xanthomonas, taxonomic and diversity studies in Xanthomonas and genomic approaches for molecular diagnosis.

The psychiatrist’s duty to protect

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
James L. Knoll
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
Third Parties ◽  
Health Practice ◽  
Bodily Harm ◽  
Legal Requirements ◽  
Mental Health Practice ◽  
Legal Obligations ◽  
Duty To Protect ◽  
Management Approaches

Responding to the California Supreme Court’s decision and its related legal obligations in Tarasoff v. Regents of Univ. of California over 30 years ago has become a standard part of mental health practice. This case influenced legal requirements governing therapists’ duty to protect third parties in nearly every state in the country. The final ruling in Tarasoff emphasized that therapists have a duty to protect individuals who are being threatened with bodily harm by their patients.This article will provide a brief overview and update on duty to protect legal requirements. Clinical guidelines for addressing threats and the duty to protect will be discussed, along with risk management approaches. The article will conclude with a sample vignette illustrating these principles.

Tax incentives for industrial production

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roman Gereev ◽  
Milyausha Pinskaya
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Industrial Production ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Tax Incentives ◽  
The State ◽  
Tax Administration ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Improve State ◽  
Theoretical Foundations

The monograph is devoted to the analysis of tax incentives, the use of which will help to achieve the economic goals of the state in the field of industrial support. The theoretical foundations of tax incentives for industrial development are considered, the effectiveness of tax incentives is evaluated, and measures to improve state financial support for industrial production are proposed. It is intended for a wide range of readers: specialists involved in tax risk management, economists in the field of industrial production, consultants in the field of taxation and tax administration, students and teachers of economic universities.

Process Safety for Sustainable Applications

2021 ◽  
pp. 2150033
Author(s):  
Alexander Stolar ◽  
Anton Friedl
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Process Safety ◽  
Implementation Effort ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
System Improvement ◽  
Management Techniques ◽  
Universal Applicability ◽  
Abnormal Operating Conditions ◽  
Business Sectors

Process safety techniques have been used in industry for decades to make processes and systems safer and to optimize them, and thus to improve sustainability. Their main aim is to prevent damage to people, equipment and the environment. In this overview, process safety and risk management techniques are shown that can be applied in the different life cycle phases of an application without much implementation effort. A broad and universal applicability in a wide range of business sectors is set as the main focus. In addition to the application of system improvement techniques, a number of additional considerations, such as maintenance and the consideration of abnormal operating conditions, are included in order to be able to comprehensively improve a system or application.

scholarly journals The Rising Frequency of IT Blackouts Indicates the Increasing Relevance of IT Emergency Concepts to Ensure Patient Safety

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (01) ◽  
pp. 130-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Sax ◽  
M. Lipprandt ◽  
R. Röhrig
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Counter Measures ◽  
It Systems ◽  
Healthcare It ◽  
Ensure Patient Safety ◽  
Total Data ◽  
It Support ◽  
Management Approaches ◽  
Clinical Systems

Summary Introduction: As many medical workflows depend vastly on IT support, great demands are placed on the availability and accuracy of the applications involved. The cases of IT failure through ransomware at the beginning of 2016 are impressive examples of the dependence of clinical processes on IT. Although IT risk management attempts to reduce the risk of IT blackouts, the probability of partial/total data loss, or even worse, data falsification, is not zero. The objective of this paper is to present the state of the art with respect to strategies, processes, and governance to deal with the failure of IT systems. Methods: This article is conducted as a narrative review. Results: Worst case scenarios are needed, dealing with methods as to how to survive the downtime of clinical systems, for example through alternative workflows. These workflows have to be trained regularly. We categorize the most important types of IT system failure, assess the usefulness of classic counter measures, and state that most risk management approaches fall short on exactly this matter. Conclusion: To ensure that continuous, evidence-based improvements to the recommendations for IT emergency concepts are made, it is essential that IT blackouts and IT disasters are reported, analyzed, and critically discussed. This requires changing from a culture of shame and blame to one of error and safety in healthcare IT. This change is finding its way into other disciplines in medicine. In addition, systematically planned and analyzed simulations of IT disaster may assist in IT emergency concept development.

scholarly journals Supplier-initiating risk management behaviour and supply-side resilience: the effects of interpersonal relationships and dependence asymmetry in buyer-supplier relationships

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (7/8) ◽  
pp. 971-995
Author(s):  
Yiyi Fan ◽  
Mark Stevenson ◽  
Fang Li
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Large Set ◽  
Supplier Relationships ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Management Behaviour ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Dependence Asymmetry ◽  
The Relationship

PurposeThe aim of the study is to explore how two dimensions of interpersonal relationships (i.e. size and range of relationships) affect supplier-initiating risk management behaviours (SIRMB) and supply-side resilience. Further, the study aims to explore the moderating role of dependence asymmetry.Design/methodology/approachNine hypotheses are tested based on a moderated mediation analysis of survey data from 247 manufacturing firms in China. The data are validated using a subset of 57 attentive secondary respondents and archival data.FindingsSIRMB positively relates to supply-side resilience. Further, SIRMB mediates the positive relationship between range and supply-side resilience, and this relationship is stronger at lower levels of dependence asymmetry. Yet, although dependence asymmetry positively moderates the relationship between range and SIRMB, it negatively moderates the relationship between size and SIRMB. We did not, however, find evidence that size has a conditional indirect effect on supply-side resilience through SIRMB.Practical implicationsManagers in buying firms can incentivise SIRMB to enhance supply-side resilience by developing a diverse rather than a large set of interpersonal relationships with a supplier. This might include allocating particular employees with a wide range of contacts within a supplier to that relationship, while it may be necessary to adopt different networking strategies for different supplier relationships. Firms in a highly asymmetrical relationship may seek to raise supplier expectations about the necessity to initiate risk management behaviour or look to change the dynamic of the relationship by managing contracts for fairness.Originality/valueNew knowledge on SIRMB as a mediating variable underpinning the relationship between interpersonal relationships and supply-side resilience is provided; and empirical evidence on the opposing moderation effect of dependence asymmetry is presented.

scholarly journals Clinical risk management and child mental health

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 319-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiona Subotsky
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Child Mental Health ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Clinical Governance ◽  
Clinical Risk Management ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Adult Services ◽  
Wide Range

Risk management is a requirement of clinical governance and a new paradigm for child and adolescent mental health services. Issues are different from those of adult services and a wide range need to be considered, which include not only the risk of harm to self, to others and from others but also from the system (by omission or commission) and to the staff. Systematic policy development, using information from audits, complaints, incidents and inquiries, will be helpful and interagency agreements necessary to promote coordination. The complex regulatory framework is discussed.

scholarly journals On corporate risk management practices in Romanian companies

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 85-89
Author(s):  
Alexandra Horobet ◽  
Sorin Dumitrescu ◽  
Cosmin Joldes
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Corporate Risk Management ◽  
Management Approaches ◽  
Traditional Approaches ◽  
Corporate Risk

The purpose of this paper is to provide an understanding of corporate risk management practices in Romanian companies, by investigating the risk management approaches Romanian companies take. Our main findings are that Romanian managers are not aware of the magnitude of exposure their companies have to various types of risk – hazard, operational, financial and strategic risks, while they are able to manage rather well all these risks, even the ones that have the lowest impact on the business. At the same time, risk management systems employed by Romanian companies are rather inarticulate and based on traditional approaches towards risk management, which might represent by itself a major source of risk, given the complexity of the business environment they face.

scholarly journals Rainfall spatio-temporal correlation and intermittency structure from micro-γ to meso-β scale in the Netherlands

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas C. van Leth ◽  
Hidde Leijnse ◽  
Aart Overeem ◽  
Remko Uijlenhoet
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Rainfall Variability ◽  
Temporal Structure ◽  
Temporal Correlation ◽  
Exponential Model ◽  
Rain Gauges ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Two Parameter

AbstractWe investigate the spatio-temporal structure of rainfall at spatial scales from 7m to over 200 km in the Netherlands. We used data from two networks of laser disdrometers with complementary interstation distances in two Dutch cities (comprising five and six disdrometers, respectively) and a Dutch nationwide network of 31 automatic rain gauges. The smallest aggregation interval for which raindrop size distributions were collected by the disdrometers was 30 s, while the automatic rain gauges provided 10-min rainfall sums. This study aims to supplement other micro-γ investigations (usually performed in the context of spatial rainfall variability within a weather radar pixel) with new data, while characterizing the correlation structure across an extended range of scales. To quantify the spatio-temporal variability, we employ a two-parameter exponential model fitted to the spatial correlograms and characterize the parameters of the model as a function of the temporal aggregation interval. This widely used method allows for a meaningful comparison with seven other studies across contrasting climatic settings all around the world. We also separately analyzed the intermittency of the rainfall observations. We show that a single parameterization, consisting of a two-parameter exponential spatial model as a function of interstation distance combined with a power-law model for decorrelation distance as a function of aggregation interval, can coherently describe rainfall variability (both spatial correlation and intermittency) across a wide range of scales. Limiting the range of scales to those typically found in micro-γ variability studies (including four of the seven studies to which we compare our results) skews the parameterization and reduces its applicability to larger scales.

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