OCCURRENCE, DAMAGE PATTERN AND STATUS OF THE RICE LEAF FOLDER CNAPHALOCROCIS RURALIS WALKER (LEPIDOPTERA: CRAMBIDAE) IN ERIANTHUS SPP. IN INDIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 471-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. MAHESH ◽  
J. SRIKANTH ◽  
K. CHANDRAN ◽  
B. SINGARAVELU ◽  
K. P. SALIN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Infestation Rate ◽  
Rice Leaf Folder ◽  
The World ◽  
Sugarcane Breeding Institute ◽  
First Occurrence ◽  
Kerala State

SUMMARYWe investigated the occurrence and status of the leaf folder Cnaphalocrocis ruralis (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in accessions of Erianthus spp. maintained as a part of the world germplasm collection at the Research Center of ICAR-Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Kannur, Kerala State, India. The nature, pattern, extent and year-to-year variation in damage were examined and accessions categorized based on relative incidence. The larvae of C. ruralis caused characteristic injury by feeding on chlorophyll bearing tissues leading to the formation of white and transparent streaks on the leaf blade. The grown-up larvae folded the leaf longitudinally with the adaxial surface inside the fold and exposing the abaxial surface, the edges being held in place by bands of silk thread at regular intervals. The length of leaf folds varied from 2.6 to 27.0 cm with a mean of 9.1 cm, which roughly constituted 7.3% of the mean length of the leaf blade. Leaf length, leaf width and leaf area were not correlated with either the leaf fold length or the number of webs. However, the leaf fold length was positively correlated with the number of webs. Attack rates (infestation rate) on cane basis (up to 69.0%) were generally higher than the damage rates (intensity) on leaf basis (up to 50.0%); infestation index ranged between 0.0 and 13.7%. Correlations between infestation rate and intensity varied among the three study years. Non-parametric analysis indicated significant differences among the three years for percent of infested canes and infestation index but not percent of damaged leaves. All accessions showed C. ruralis incidence in at least one experimental year, indicating that none of the accessions tested was immune to its attack. When all 74 accessions were considered on the basis of infestation index, 85.1% were placed in low and moderate categories and only 14.9% in high incidence category. Within the accessions of Erianthus spp., leaf area was not related to infestation rate of cane or damage rate of leaves but positively related to infestation index. The dynamics of the leaf folder in the predominantly paddy ecosystem were discussed in the light of its first occurrence in Erianthus spp. accessions in India and the world.

scholarly journals ÁREA DO LIMBO FOLIAR DA CASTANHEIRA-DO-BRASIL POR MEDIDAS LINEARES

Nativa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 380-388
Author(s):  
Luana Bouvié ◽  
Andréa Carvalho da Silva ◽  
Daniela Roberta Borella ◽  
Cátia Cardoso da Silva ◽  
Mariana Pizzatto
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Brazil Nut ◽  
Linear Measurements ◽  
Statistical Validation ◽  
Bertholletia Excelsa ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Statistical Performance Evaluation

Neste trabalho foram gerados e validados modelos de estimativa da área da folha da espécie Bertholletia excelsa Bonpl. (castanheira-do-Brasil) a partir das medidas lineares do limbo foliar. Foram coletadas 1500 folhas em diferentes posições da copa de árvores adultas e jovens (em função do ciclo reprodutivo), sendo usadas 1000 e 500 folhas para calibração e validação estatísticas, respectivamente. Foram obtidos como medidas do limbo da folha: comprimento (C), largura (no centro da folha, na base e no ápice) e a área foliar real (AFR). A avaliação do desempenho estatístico (validação) foi realizada pelos indicativos erro médio (MBE), raiz quadrática do erro médio (RMSE) e índice de ajustamento de Willmott (dW). Apenas a medida de largura no centro da folha e do comprimento são suficientes para estimar a área da folha de B. excelsa., que pode ser dada pela equação AF = {0,8743*{(C*L)0,9790]}-1,84, independentemente da posição da folha e da idade planta. Palavras-chave: Bertholletia excelsa; análise de regressão; indicativos estatísticos. FIELD OF THE LIMBO FOLIAR OF CASTANHEIRA-DO-BRASIL WITH LINEAR MEASURES  ABSTRACT: In this work, models of estimation of the leaf area of the species Bertholletia excelsa Bonpl. (Brazil nut) from the linear measurements of the leaf blade. 1500 leaves were collected in different positions of the crown of adult and young trees (depending on the reproductive cycle), using 1000 and 500 leaves for calibration and statistical validation, respectively. Leaf length (C), width (at the center of the leaf, at the base and at the apex) and leaf area (AFR) were obtained as measures of leaf limb. Statistical performance evaluation (validation) was performed using the mean error (MBE), root mean square error (RMSE) and Willmott's index of adjustment (dW). Only the width measure at the center of the leaf and the length are sufficient to estimate the area of the leaf of B. excelsa., Which can be given by the equation AF = {0.8743 * {(C * L) 0.9790]} -1.84, regardless of leaf position and plant age.Keywords: Bertholletia excelsa; regression analysis; statistical indicatives.

scholarly journals Evaluation and reparametrization of mathematical models for prediction of the leaf area of Megathyrsus maximus cv. BRS Zuri

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 214-219
Author(s):  
Patrick Bezerra Fernandes ◽  
Rodrigo Amorim Barbosa ◽  
Maria Da Graça Morais ◽  
Cauby De Medeiros-Neto ◽  
Antonio Leandro Chaves Gurgel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Model ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Multiple Regression Model ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Predictor Variables ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Linear Multiple Regression ◽  
Model C

The aim of this study was to verify the precision and accuracy of 5 models for leaf area prediction using length and width of leaf blades of Megathyrsus maximus cv. BRS Zuri and to reparametrize models. Data for the predictor variables, length (L) and width (W) of leaf blades of BRS Zuri grass tillers, were collected in May 2018 in the experimental area of Embrapa Gado de Corte, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. The predictor variables had high correlation values (P<0.001). In the analysis of adequacy of the models, the first-degree models that use leaf blade length (Model A), leaf width × leaf length (Model B) and linear multiple regression (Model C) promoted estimated values similar to the leaf area values observed (P>0.05), with high values for determination coefficient (>80%) and correlation concordance coefficient (>90%). Among the 5 models evaluated, the linear multiple regression (Model C: β0 = -5.97, β1 = 0.489, β2 = 1.11 and β3 = 0.351; R² = 89.64; P<0.001) and as predictor variables, width, length and length × width of the leaf blade, are the most adequate to generate precise and exact estimates of the leaf area of BRS Zuri grass.

scholarly journals Pendugaan Luas Daun Tanaman Talas (Colocasia esculenta)

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 610-617
Author(s):  
Yusi Nurmalita Andarini ◽  
Higa Afza ◽  
Sutoro Sutoro
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Nondestructive Method ◽  
Gene Bank ◽  
Leaf Width ◽  
Model Estimation ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Better Than

  Estimation of leaf area by using leaf length and leaf width variables could be done without destruction of the leaves from plants and more practical than using the leaf areameter. Surface area is a function of the variable length and width, so the leaf area can be measured based on leaf length and leaf width variables. The purpose of this research is to get the leaf area estimator model with nondestructive method. Taro plants were observed by using 12 accessions/varieties taken from the germplasm collection in Gene Bank Collection of ICABIOGRAD, IAARD. Observations of the length, width, and area of leaf were carried out on 10-12 leaf samples for each accession/variety from taro cultivation which was about 4 months old. The length (P), width (L), and area (Y) of each taro leaf were measured. The estimation of taro leaves area by regression equation was analyzed by using one (P or L) and two (P and L) independent variables. Estimation using two variables, leaf length and width, is better than only use one variable. Taro leaf area (Y) of each leaf can be determined by the equation Y = 0.9462 P x L for ratio of P/L less than 1.10, Y = 0.9109 P x L for ratio of P/L between 1.10-1.19, and Y = 0.8860 P x L for ratio of P/L equal or greater than 1.20. Keywords: model estimation, leaf area, taro

scholarly journals Paracoccidioidomycosis Diagnosed in Europe—A Systematic Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 157
Author(s):  
Gernot Wagner ◽  
Deddo Moertl ◽  
Anna Glechner ◽  
Verena Mayr ◽  
Irma Klerings ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latency Period ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Systemic Mycosis ◽  
Endemic Region ◽  
Travel History ◽  
Long Latency ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
The World ◽  
First Occurrence ◽  
Full Text Screening

Paracoccidioidomycosis is a systemic mycosis that is endemic in geographical regions of Central and South America. Cases that occur in nonendemic regions of the world are imported through migration and travel. Due to the limited number of cases in Europe, most physicians are not familiar with paracoccidioidomycosis and its close clinical and histopathological resemblance to other infectious and noninfectious disease. To increase awareness of this insidious mycosis, we conducted a systematic review to summarize the evidence on cases diagnosed and reported in Europe. We searched PubMed and Embase to identify cases of paracoccidioidomycosis diagnosed in European countries. In addition, we used Scopus for citation tracking and manually screened bibliographies of relevant articles. We conducted dual abstract and full-text screening of references yielded by our searches. To identify publications published prior to 1985, we used the previously published review by Ajello et al. Overall, we identified 83 cases of paracoccidioidomycosis diagnosed in 11 European countries, published in 68 articles. Age of patients ranged from 24 to 77 years; the majority were male. Time from leaving the endemic region and first occurrence of symptoms considerably varied. Our review illustrates the challenges of considering systemic mycosis in the differential diagnosis of people returning or immigrating to Europe from endemic areas. Travel history is important for diagnostic-workup, though it might be difficult to obtain due to possible long latency period of the disease.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity and population structure of a mini-core subset from the world cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) germplasm collection

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Fatokun ◽  
Gezahegn Girma ◽  
Michael Abberton ◽  
Melaku Gedil ◽  
Nnanna Unachukwu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Core Subset ◽  
The World

scholarly journals Bazı Üzüm Çeşitlerinde ve Asma Anaçlarında Yaprak Alanının Belirlenmesi

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 1261-1265
Author(s):  
Adem Yağcı ◽  
Seda Sucu ◽  
Namık Yıldız
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Node Number ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Blade Width ◽  
Actual Field ◽  
Photosynthesis Capacity ◽  
Stem Leaf ◽  
Real Area

The amount and area of the leaves should be at an optimum level in order to maintain the product quality and not to adversely affect the vine growth. Because carbohydrates, which are essential for omca and are mostly stored in fruit and wood, are formed by leaves after photosynthesis. Leaf area can be used in many areas. Among these, photosynthesis capacity and plant growth rate may. Various tools and methods (planimetry, leaf area meter, width-product, weight-area calculation, image processing programs, etc.) are used in determining leaf area. In this study, 3 American grape rootstocks (5BB, 110 R, 1103 P) and 5 grapes (Alphonse Lavallée, Italıa, Mıchele Palierı and Narince, Yalova İncisi) were used as material. 20 shoots with 15-25 nodules were taken from the rootstocks and varieties of the omca and the leaves were photocopied according to the order of the node. The actual field values of the leaves were measured with a planimeter. Leaf stem and leaf width and length of the leaves were also measured. Regression analysis was performed between leaf stem, leaf blade width and length, leaf blade × length values and real area. The maximum leaf area on one shoot was 5 BB (2484 cm2) from rootstocks and Narince (2126 cm2) from varieties. All three rootstocks gave the average value of the leaf found in 9th node. In terms of node number, which gives an average value according to the varieties, Alphonse Lavallée, Mıchele Palierı and Yalova İncisi varieties came to the forefront in 11th node. The 13th in Narince cultivar and the 12th in Italia cultivar gave the closest value to the average.

scholarly journals Estimation of leaf area of Erythroxylum citrifolium from linear leaf dimensions

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
João Everthon da Silva Ribeiro ◽  
Ester dos Santos Coêlho ◽  
Francisco Romário Andrade Figueiredo ◽  
Sérgio de Faria Lopes ◽  
Manoel Bandeira de Albuquerque
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Information Criterion ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Concordance Index ◽  
R And D ◽  
Linear Dimensions ◽  
Bias Index ◽  
Linear Leaf ◽  
Leaf Dimensions

Erythroxylum citrifolium is a neotropical plant species recorded in all regions of Brazil. Determining leaf area is of fundamental importance to studies related to plant propagation and growth. The objective was to obtain an equation to estimate the leaf area of E. citrifolium from linear dimensions of the leaf blade (length and width). A total of 200 leaf blades were collected in Parque Estadual Mata do Pau-Ferro in the municipality of Areia, state of Paraíba, Northeast Brazil. The models evaluated were: linear, linear without intercept, quadratic, cubic, power and exponential. The best model was determined by the criteria of: high coefficient of determination (R²), low root mean square error (RMSE), low Akaike information criterion (AIC), high Willmott concordance index (d) and a BIAS index close to zero. All of the models constructed satisfactorily estimated the leaf area of E. citrifolium, with coefficients of determination above 0.9050, but the power model using the product between length and width (L*W) ŷ = 0.5966 * LW1.0181 was the best, with the highest values of R² and d, low values of RMSE and AIC, and a BIAS index closest to zero.

scholarly journals Review of Oliveirania santa catharinae (sic) Maury 1927 and associated ichnofossils (Itararé Group, Late Carboniferous of Paraná Basin, Brazil)

Terr Plural ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. e2117741
Author(s):  
Rafael Costa da Silva ◽  
◽  
Antonio Carlos Sequeira Fernandes ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Late Carboniferous ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
The World ◽  
First Occurrence ◽  
Paraná Basin ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Parana Basin

The sedimentary layers of Anitápolis, Santa Catarina, were the subject of relevant discussions about age and paleoenvironment in the first half of the 20th century. Today they are correlated to the ritmites from Itararé Group, but some of the fossils that are part of these studies were not subsequently revised. This is the case of Oliveirania santa catharinae (sic) Maury 1927, a species originally attributed to annelids, and the ichnofossils attributed to it by association. The Annelida fossils were considered here as pseudofossils of inorganic origin. The ichnofossils attributed to Oliveirania were redescribed as a new ichnospecies, Pterichnus mauryae isp. nov., possibly related to the activity of crustaceans. This is the first occurrence of Pterichnus in Brazil and the oldest in the world.

scholarly journals New record of Insuetophrynus acarpicus Barrio, 1970 (Anura: Rhinodermatidae) in Chile: implications for its conservation

Check List ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 2046
Author(s):  
Bernardo Segura Silva
Keyword(s):  
Protected Area ◽  
New Record ◽  
Altitudinal Range ◽  
The World ◽  
First Occurrence ◽  
A Site

A new record of the Critically frog Insuetophrynus acarpicus was discovered in Chile from a site lying 66 km southwest from the southernmost locality reported for the species. This new population is the first occurrence of the species in a protected area, and considerably extends the geographical and altitudinal range of I. acarpicus, one of the most endangered frogs in the world.

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