Bazı Üzüm Çeşitlerinde ve Asma Anaçlarında Yaprak Alanının Belirlenmesi

The amount and area of the leaves should be at an optimum level in order to maintain the product quality and not to adversely affect the vine growth. Because carbohydrates, which are essential for omca and are mostly stored in fruit and wood, are formed by leaves after photosynthesis. Leaf area can be used in many areas. Among these, photosynthesis capacity and plant growth rate may. Various tools and methods (planimetry, leaf area meter, width-product, weight-area calculation, image processing programs, etc.) are used in determining leaf area. In this study, 3 American grape rootstocks (5BB, 110 R, 1103 P) and 5 grapes (Alphonse Lavallée, Italıa, Mıchele Palierı and Narince, Yalova İncisi) were used as material. 20 shoots with 15-25 nodules were taken from the rootstocks and varieties of the omca and the leaves were photocopied according to the order of the node. The actual field values of the leaves were measured with a planimeter. Leaf stem and leaf width and length of the leaves were also measured. Regression analysis was performed between leaf stem, leaf blade width and length, leaf blade × length values and real area. The maximum leaf area on one shoot was 5 BB (2484 cm2) from rootstocks and Narince (2126 cm2) from varieties. All three rootstocks gave the average value of the leaf found in 9th node. In terms of node number, which gives an average value according to the varieties, Alphonse Lavallée, Mıchele Palierı and Yalova İncisi varieties came to the forefront in 11th node. The 13th in Narince cultivar and the 12th in Italia cultivar gave the closest value to the average.

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Accuracy of using leaf blade length and leaf blade width measurements to calculate the leaf area of Solanum aethiopicum Shum group

Heliyon ◽

10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e01093 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (12) ◽

pp. e01093

Author(s):

Mildred Julian Nakanwagi ◽

Godfrey Sseremba ◽

Nahamya Pamela Kabod ◽

Michael Masanza ◽

Elizabeth Balyejusa Kizito

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Leaf Blade ◽

Blade Length ◽

Solanum Aethiopicum ◽

Blade Width ◽

Width Measurements

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Interactive Effects of Nitrogen and Sulfur Nutrition on Growth, Development, and Physiology of Brassica carinata A. Braun and Brassica napus L.

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13137355 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (13) ◽

pp. 7355

Author(s):

Shivendra Kumar ◽

Ramdeo Seepaul ◽

Ian M. Small ◽

Sheeja George ◽

George Kelly O’Brien ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Transport ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Photosynthetic Pigments ◽

Net Photosynthesis ◽

Brassica Carinata ◽

Internode Length ◽

Erucic Acid Content ◽

Total Biomass ◽

Node Number ◽

S 100

Brassica carinata (carinata) has emerged as a potential biofuel source due to its high erucic acid content, making it desirable for various industrial applications. Nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) are required as primary sources of nutrition for growth and development in different oilseed crops and their utilization is interdependent. The purpose of the study was to analyze the interactive effect of N and S nutrition on the growth and other physiological activities of carinata and B. napus (napus). Four treatments, i.e., optimum NS (+N+S, 100% N and 100% S); N limited (−N+S, 0% N, 100% S); S limited (+N−S, 100% N, 0% S), and NS limited (−N−S, 0% N and 0% S) of N and S in full-strength Hoagland solution were imposed in the current study. Effect of different NS treatments was observed on vegetative traits such as number of primary and secondary branches, total leaf area, total biomass production and allocation, and physiological traits such as production of photosynthetic pigments, net photosynthesis, electron transport, and other aspects for both carinata and napus. The traits of stem elongation, number of nodes, node addition rate, internode length, number of primary and secondary branches were 60%, 36%, 50%, 35%, 56%, and 83% lower, respectively, in napus in comparison to carinata. Different NS treatments also positively influenced the production of photosynthetic pigments such as chlorophyll (Chl) a and b and carotenoids in carinata and napus. The concentration of Chla was 11% higher in napus in comparison to carinata. The rate of net photosynthesis, electron transport, and fluorescence was 12%, 8%, and 5% higher based on overall value, respectively, in napus compared to carinata. On the other hand, the overall value for stomatal conductance decreased by 5% in napus when compared to carinata. Different growth-related traits such as vegetative (plant height, node number, internode length, leaf area, number of primary and secondary branches), reproductive (pod number, pod length, seeds per pod), and photosynthetic capacity in oilseed brassicas are correlated with the final seed and oil yield and chemical composition which are of economic importance for the adoption of the crop. Thus, the analysis of these traits will help to determine the effect of NS interaction on crop productivity of carinata and napus.

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Heterosis dan Heterobeltiosis Hasil Gabah Serta Korelasinya Terhadap Pertumbuhan Padi Hibrida

JURNAL BUDIDAYA PERTANIAN ◽

10.30598/jbdp.2019.15.2.92 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 92-100

Author(s):

Nurwulan Agustiani ◽

Sujinah Sujinah ◽

Bayu P Wibowo ◽

Satoto Satoto

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Plant Height ◽

Block Design ◽

Tiller Number ◽

F1 Hybrids ◽

Grain Number ◽

Average Value ◽

Positive Heterosis ◽

Growth Characters ◽

Grain Number Per Panicle

Heterosis in F1-hybrids is very closely related to processes during plant growth. The purpose of this study was to obtain information on some growth characters that supported positive heterosis for yield. The experiment was carried out at KP. Sukamandi on the rainy season in 2016, used a Randomized Block Design with three replications. The material used in this study were four superior hybrid varieties (Hipa 9, Hipa 18, Hipa 19, and Hipa East Java 2) and their parents (maintainer and restorer strains). The results showed that the four materials tested had positive heterosis values with an average value of 4.23-25.03% for the characters of plant height, tiller number, grain number per panicle, weight of 1000 grains, and yield. Heterobeltiosis values ranged from 2.06% to 13.62% for the characters of plant height, tiller number, grain number per panicle, and yield. Growth characters that were positively correlated to yield increase were plant height, leaf area in the primordia phase, and weight of 1000 grains. The four hybrid materials tested had similar leaf area per clump in the primordia phase, but only Hipa Jatim 2 still had the highest leaf area in the physiological cooking phase. All four hybrids had better leaf thickness characteristics than their parents. F1 average showed increased number of grain per panicle compared to the two parents, especially in Hipa 18 and Hipa 19, which had a higher weight per 1000 grains than the two parents. Keywords: hybrids, rice, heterosis, heterobeltiosis ABSTRAK Heterosis pada F1-hibrida sangat berkaitan erat dengan proses-proses selama pertumbuhan tanaman. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkaninformasibeberapa karakter pertumbuhan yang mendukung heterosis positif terhadap hasil. Percobaan dilaksanakan di KP. Sukamandi pada musim hujan 2016, menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan tiga ulangan. Materi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah empat varietas unggul hibrida (Hipa 9, Hipa 18, Hipa 19, dan Hipa Jatim 2) dan tetuanya (galur maintainer dan restorer). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keempat materi yang diuji mempunyai nilai heterosis positif dengan nilai rata-rata 4,23-25,03% pada karakter tinggi tanaman, jumlah anakan, jumlah gabah per malai, bobot 1000 butir, dan hasil. Nilai heterobeltiosis berkisar antara 2,06% sampai 13,62% pada karakter tinggi tanaman, jumlah anakan, jumlah gabah per malai, dan hasil. Karakter-karakter pertumbuhan yang berkorelasi positif terhadap peningkatan hasil yaitu tinggi tanaman, luas daun pada fase primordia, dan bobot 1000 butir. Keempat materi hibrida yang diuji mempunyai luas daun per rumpun yang setara pada fase primordia, namun hanya Hipa Jatim 2 yang masih mempunyai luas daun tertinggi pada fase masak fisiologis,. Keempatnya mempunyai karakter ketebalan daun yang lebih baik dibanding tetuanya. Rata-rata F1 menunjukkan perbaikan jumlah gabah per malai dibanding kedua tetuanya, terlebih pada Hipa 18 dan Hipa 19 yang juga mempunyai bobot 1000 butir lebih tinggi dibandingkan kedua tetuanya. Kata kunci: hibrida, pada, heterosis, heterobeltiosis

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Estimation of leaf area of Erythroxylum citrifolium from linear leaf dimensions

Bioscience Journal ◽

10.14393/bj-v35n6a2019-41743 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 35 (6) ◽

Author(s):

João Everthon da Silva Ribeiro ◽

Ester dos Santos Coêlho ◽

Francisco Romário Andrade Figueiredo ◽

Sérgio de Faria Lopes ◽

Manoel Bandeira de Albuquerque

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Leaf Blade ◽

Information Criterion ◽

Coefficient Of Determination ◽

Concordance Index ◽

R And D ◽

Linear Dimensions ◽

Bias Index ◽

Linear Leaf ◽

Leaf Dimensions

Erythroxylum citrifolium is a neotropical plant species recorded in all regions of Brazil. Determining leaf area is of fundamental importance to studies related to plant propagation and growth. The objective was to obtain an equation to estimate the leaf area of E. citrifolium from linear dimensions of the leaf blade (length and width). A total of 200 leaf blades were collected in Parque Estadual Mata do Pau-Ferro in the municipality of Areia, state of Paraíba, Northeast Brazil. The models evaluated were: linear, linear without intercept, quadratic, cubic, power and exponential. The best model was determined by the criteria of: high coefficient of determination (R²), low root mean square error (RMSE), low Akaike information criterion (AIC), high Willmott concordance index (d) and a BIAS index close to zero. All of the models constructed satisfactorily estimated the leaf area of E. citrifolium, with coefficients of determination above 0.9050, but the power model using the product between length and width (L*W) ŷ = 0.5966 * LW1.0181 was the best, with the highest values of R² and d, low values of RMSE and AIC, and a BIAS index closest to zero.

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Controlled-temperature effects on cotton growth and development

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859698005401 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 130 (4) ◽

pp. 451-462 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

D. ROUSSOPOULOS ◽

A. LIAKATAS ◽

W. J. WHITTINGTON

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Temperature Variation ◽

Vegetative Growth ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Maximum Temperature ◽

Node Number ◽

Mean Temperature ◽

Fruiting Branch ◽

Threshold Temperatures

The growth and development of cotton was studied on cotton plants grown in pots in growth rooms under constant day/night temperature (C) and varying temperature regimes throughout the day and/or night (V) The V-treatments had a common mean temperature of 22°C. The objectives were to determine the thermal requirements of three cultivars and to observe the extent of genotype×thermal environment interactions throughout the entire growth period.Vegetative growth was found to be almost exclusively time and temperature dependent, varietal differences being largely insignificant. Plant material was found to accumulate four times faster under the warmest C-regime, which was 7°C warmer than the coolest. The C-treatments caused variation in the number and size of lateral shoots and leaves, causing leaf area to be larger at the squaring stage in cool environments but at maturity in warm regimes. Relatively cool nights lowered the position of the first floral or fruiting branch, whereas warm days shortened flowering intervals and thus promoted earliness. However, the effect of temperature in altering the position of the first floral branch seems to be less important than its effect on the shedding of early squares.The effects of fluctuating temperature (V) on vegetative growth and earliness were similar to those from constant temperature environments. Growth and development rates were low in the low minimum V-regimes, especially when the maximum temperature was also low. Temperature variation affected vegetative growth to a greater extent in the early than in the later stages of development. At squaring, leaf area and dry weight were lowest under the regime with the highest minimum and maximum temperatures. Later on, only leaf area at flowering and total dry weight at maturity significantly differed between treatments. High maximum or minimum temperatures produced effects similar to a higher or lower mean temperature, respectively. The low minimum raised the node number of the first floral or fruiting branch, whereas in the case of boll dry weight it acted in the same way as a further drop in temperature, decreasing the weight, regardless of the maximum temperature. Boll period was affected mainly by the temperature variation itself rather by than the type of variation.The inverse of time to a certain stage and the corresponding mean temperature were linearly related and allowed threshold temperatures (T0) and thermal time requirements to be estimated. T0=12°C, except for the initial stage, when it was lower. A cotton growing season cooler on average by only 1°C will considerably delay maturity.

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Rapid Measurement of Potato Canopy Coverage and Leaf Area Index Inversion

Applied Engineering in Agriculture ◽

10.13031/aea.13875 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 36 (4) ◽

pp. 557-564

Author(s):

LingHan Cai ◽

Yuan Zhao ◽

Zhuojue Huang ◽

Yang Gao ◽

Han Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area Index ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Color Space ◽

List Type ◽

Area Index ◽

Average Value ◽

Rapid Measurement ◽

Canopy Coverage ◽

Lab Color Space ◽

Extraction Model

Highlights This article calculates the canopy coverage (Cc) and inverts it to the leaf area index (LAI) of the collected images through a portable device such as a mobile phone, which is convenient for researchers. The Lab color model has been used for plant area extraction, which has achieved good results. Steps such as weed removal make the algorithm more universal. The inversion results of LAI based on canopy coverage has high accuracy, which indicates that it can be used for LAI calculation. Abstract . Canopy coverage (Cc) and leaf area index (LAI) are important parameters for qualitative and quantitative descriptions of plant growth trends. Meanwhile, LAI can be reflected by Cc. Therefore, it is of great significance to observe Cc and establish the relationship between Cc and LAI for monitoring the growth of plants. In July 2019, in Shang Zhuang experimental field of China Agricultural University, 30 potato canopy images were taken vertically by camera, and the actual LAI data of the corresponding images were measured and recorded by LAI-2200C. Image extraction algorithms of different models, such as ExG, ExGR, NDIGR, and Lab color space extraction model are evaluated and compared. After that, estimating the parameters of the logarithmic model of LAI-Cc by minimizing errors, evaluating the inversion model by Hold-Out. Besides, the result shows Cc can be calculated efficiently by using Lab color space extraction model. In the training set, the average value of R2 between the predicted LAI and the actual LAI reaches 0.940, and the RMSE reaches 0.144. In the test set, the average value of R2 reaches 0.937, the RMSE reaches 0.197. And the average time consumption of the entire process is 2.989 s on an image. It suggests that the study can provide a basis for dynamic monitoring of potato and other crops. Keywords: Canopy coverage (Cc), Leaf area index (LAI), Image processing, Potato, Rapid measurement.

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Plastochron and yield of Physalis peruviana L. grown in different environments and transplanting dates

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2020v41n4p1151 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 41 (4) ◽

pp. 1151

Author(s):

André Ricardo Zeist ◽

Juliano Tadeu Vilela de Resende ◽

Daniel Suek Zanin ◽

Israel Felipe Lustosa da Silva ◽

Daniel Fernandes da Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Temperature Data ◽

Node Number ◽

Physalis Peruviana ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Crop Cycle ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Reproductive Phases

This study aimed to estimate plastochron, leaf area, and yield of Physalis peruviana seedlings grown in different environments and transplanted on different dates. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design, arranged in a 2 x 3 factorial scheme, namely: two cultivation environments (protected and field) and three transplanting dates (10/27/2013, 12/15/2013, and 02/11/2014). Four replicates of eight plants were used per plot, and the four central plants composed the useful area. Based on mathematical models and temperature data, plastochron was estimated for the entire crop cycle and vegetative and reproductive phases separately. Leaf area and node number were measured, and their relationship established at the end of the study. Other variables assessed were fruit number, mass, and yield per plant. Our results showed that the higher temperatures in the protected environment anticipated phenological timings. Plastochron values of 60.0 and 16.5 °C day-1 can be used during vegetative and reproductive stages, respectively. The protected environment increased vegetative growth and development, as well as yield of P. peruviana seedlings. In the Guarapuava-PR region, P. peruviana seedlings should be transplanted during the spring so that higher fruit yield and quality could be achieved.

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Rapid Measurement of Potato Canopy Coverage and Leaf Area Index Inversion

Applied Engineering in Agriculture ◽

10.13031/aea13875 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 36 (4) ◽

pp. 557-564

Author(s):

LingHan Cai ◽

Yuan Zhao ◽

Zhuojue Huang ◽

Yang Gao ◽

Han Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area Index ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Color Space ◽

List Type ◽

Area Index ◽

Average Value ◽

Rapid Measurement ◽

Canopy Coverage ◽

Lab Color Space ◽

Extraction Model

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Biomass components of Pennisetum purpureum cv. Roxo managed at different growth ages and seasons

Revista Brasileira de Saúde e Produção Animal ◽

10.1590/s1519-99402018000100002 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 11-22 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Theyson Duarte MARANHÃO ◽

Magno José Duarte CÂNDIDO ◽

Marcos Neves LOPES ◽

Roberto Cláudio Fernandes Franco POMPEU ◽

Maria Socorro de Souza CARNEIRO ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Linear Response ◽

Leaf Blade ◽

Pennisetum Purpureum ◽

Maximum Point ◽

Area Index ◽

Average Value ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Dead Material ◽

Biomass Components ◽

Dry Seasons

SUMMARY This study was carried out aiming to evaluate the biomass components of elephant grass cv. Roxo at seven growth ages, during rainy, transition and dry seasons. A completely randomized design was adopted with a split plot arrangement over time. The treatments consisted of seven growth ages (9, 18, 27, 36, 45, 54 and 63) and three seasons (rainy, transition and dry). The variables green forage biomass, dead forage biomass, green stem biomass and green leaf blade biomass showed positive linear responses to age and had their magnitude influenced by the evaluated seasons. The live/dead material ratio showed a decreasing linear response as a function of age. The leaf blade/stem ratio showed a negative linear adjustment in the rainy season, reaching a critical value of 1.0 at 59 days, and it showed a quadratic adjustment in the transition season, with the maximum point at 27.53 days; however, this ratio was not influenced by age in the dry season, revealing an average value of 2.22 ± 0.27. The canopy height and leaf area index showed a positive linear response to age in the three seasons. Tiller population density showed quadratic behaviour for age, with maximum estimated values of 134 and 110 til. m-2 at 31.24 and 37.40 days in the rainy and dry seasons, respectively. Rainfall seasonality influences the magnitude of the daily increase of the distinct biomass components of Pennisetum purpureum cv. Roxo.

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MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF COFFEE (Coffea arabica L.) LANDRACES AT SEEDLING STAGE COLLECTED FROM GUJI ZONES

Bangladesh Journal of Plant Breeding and Genetics ◽

10.3329/bjpbg.v30i2.34540 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 30 (2) ◽

pp. 09-18

Author(s):

I. D. Alemu ◽

D. S. Boke

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Coffea Arabica ◽

Block Design ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Morphological Characterization ◽

Seedling Stage ◽

Leaf Width ◽

Seedling Height ◽

Node Number ◽

Randomized Block Design

The present study was aimed to determine genetic diversity of Coffea arabica landraces based on morphological characteristics at seedling stage in Guji zones. Three kebeles and twenty-five farmers’ coffee landraces were selected based on availability of Coffea arabica landraces from each district by the guidance of Developmental Agency in the kebele. Coffea arabica seeds were collected and planted at kercha nursery sub-site in plastic pots arranged on randomized block design. Seedling characteristics were collected from one year old randomly selected four coffee seedlings from each plot. The results showed that there were significant variations (p<0.05) between and within Coffea arabica landraces of the district. The seedling height of Coffea arabica collected from Didiba local was highest (11.25) followed by Sorile local (11.17) whereas Ebala local was the least. Coffea arabica from Diqisa local (5.25) was the highest for leaf height followed by Didiba local (5.13), Harobora (5.00) and Wacufora local (5.00). Similarly, Wacufora local (2.05) and Didiba local (2.53) were the highest in leaf width. The Coffea arabica landrace of Qaqali local (6.25) and Harobora local (5.75) were the highest in number of paired leaves. Correlation between the characteristics of coffee seedling showed that seedling height was high and significantly correlated with leaf width (0.62**), number of paired leaves (0.58**), node number (0.57**) and leaf area (0.64**). Similarly, leaf height was high and significantly correlated with leaf width (0.72**) and leaf area (0.77**). Generally, the increase of leaf height increases the leaf width and leaf area. Existence of morphological variation of Coffea arabica at seedling stage was used to determine Coffea arabica diversity in this study area. Therefore, Coffea arabica landraces having high seedling height, leaf height, number of paired leaves and leaf area should get attention during selection for plantation. Additionally, farmers, conservationists and other concerned bodies should take action to conserve and keep the gene pool of these coffees. As a result, it opens the door for biotechnologists to characterize coffee at molecular level and breeder scan take action on it to release superior coffee varieties.

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