CUPPA-TEA: A SIMULATION MODEL DESCRIBING SEASONAL YIELD VARIATION AND POTENTIAL PRODUCTION OF TEA. 1. SHOOT DEVELOPMENT AND EXTENSION

1998 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 345-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. MATTHEWS ◽  
W. STEPHENS
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
Developmental State ◽  
Shoot Development ◽  
Bud Dormancy ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Bud Burst ◽  
Main Determinant ◽  
Yield Variation ◽  
Temperate Trees ◽  
Critical Photoperiod

A simulation model describing the growth and yield of tea (Camellia sinensis L.) is described. The model simulates the behaviour of a population of shoots which develop and extend independently at different rates to simulate the variation observed in natural conditions. The development of each shoot is divided into three phases corresponding to the resting, quiescent and bud-burst phases in temperate trees, with the rate of development in each phase being influenced by temperature, photoperiod and saturation deficit. Photoperiod also influences the onset and release of bud dormancy, and therefore the numbers of actively growing shoots at any one time. As shoots are generally harvested at a specific developmental state or size, the number of shoots plucked at each harvest is the main determinant of yield variation. Sensitivity analysis using annual yields as the output indicated that the model was most sensitive to the values of the two critical photoperiod parameters controlling bud dormancy and shoot development. Good agreement was found between model predictions and observed yields for an experiment in well-irrigated tea in the Southern Highlands of Tanzania, but further testing is necessary before it can be used with confidence in a wider range of environments.

scholarly journals Grapevine Latent Bud Dormancy and Shoot Development

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Pellegrino ◽  
Suzy Rogiers ◽  
Alain Deloire
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Shoot Development ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Bud Dormancy ◽  
Bud Break ◽  
Bud Burst ◽  
Dormancy Release ◽  
Phenological Stages ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Berry Maturation

Grapevine development comprises different phenological stages from bud break to berry maturation which are mainly temperature and water dependent. Pre bud break, there is a crucial stage called dormancy which can be divided in two periods: endodormancy and ecodormancy. Climate change (increase in average temperatures and drought) may accelerate the onset of bud burst, however with greater heterogeneity, thus increasing the risk of shoot exposure to abiotic and biotic constraints. Obviously, this could lead to yield and quality issues. In this regard, the ability to assess when climatic conditions are suitable for dormancy release and to predict the date of bud break is important.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF TRINEXAPAC-ETHYL ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF SUGARCANE

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 491-497
Author(s):  
A. T. FARIA ◽  
E. A. FERREIRA ◽  
P. R. R. ROCHA ◽  
D. V. SILVA ◽  
A. A. SILVA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Plant Growth Regulator ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Bud Burst ◽  
Root Volume ◽  
Factor B ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Sugarcane Yield

ABSTRACT Growth regulators can be used to further retard or inhibit vegetative growth. In this sense, the objective of this study was to determine the effects of age and number of trinexapac-ethyl applications on the growth and yield of sugarcane. The experiment was in a randomized complete block design with four replications. The treatments were in a 3 x 2 + 2 factorial arrangement, where factor A corresponded to the application times of the plant growth regulator (120, 200 and 240 days after bud burst (DAB) of sugarcane) and factor B to the number of applications (one or two applications). In addition, two controls (one with three applications and another application without the regulator) were added. The application of trinexapac-ethyl decreased the number and the distance between buds, height, root volume and sugarcane yield. The sequential application (2 or 3 times) induced an increase in stem diameter and three applications of the product increased the number of plant tillers. The use of growth regulators applied at 240 DAB has reduced plant height, however without changing the number of buds. It can be concluded that trinexapac-ethyl changes sugarcane growth and yield, regardless of season and number of applications.

scholarly journals Torsion of canes and hydrogenated cyanamide in bud bursting and production of grapevine cv. Itália muscat in the São Francisco valley

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tales Gonçalves Rodrigues ◽  
Pedro Igor Rodrigues Modesto ◽  
Jackson Teixeira Lobo ◽  
Jenilton Gomes da Cunha ◽  
Ítalo Herbert Lucena Cavalcante
Keyword(s):  
Apical Dominance ◽  
Bud Dormancy ◽  
Bud Burst ◽  
Dormancy Breaking ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Production Cycles ◽  
Different Doses

Abstract The grapevine cultivated in tropical regions, such as the Sub-medium of the São Francisco Valley, exhibits a strong bud dormancy and high apical dominance, thus presenting the need for the utilization of products that promote the dormancy breaking of the buds. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the efficiency of the application of hydrogenated cyanamide and the practice of cane torsion over the breaking of bud dormancy, bud burst and yield of grapevine cv. Italia Muscat in the conditions of the Sub-medium of the São Francisco Valley. The experiment was conducted in Petrolina, PE state, during two production cycles (2015-2016). The adopted design was in randomized blocks, with treatments distributed in a 2 x 2 factorial scheme, referring to the torsion of canes (with and without) and the different doses [D1: hydrogenated cyanamide (H2CN2) 2.45%; D2: hydrogenated cyanamide (H2CN2) 2.94%], with four replicates. The use of the hydrogenated cyanamide associated to the torsion of canes influences in a distinct manner the studied variables, in the different production cycles, although increments in production and yield occur in both. Therefore, the use of 2.94% of H2CN2 along with the torsion of canes is a recommended practice for the increase in the bud burst rate and yield of grapevine cv. Italia Muscat, cultivated in the region of the Sub-medium of the São Francisco Valley.

Using a penetrometer to predict the effects of soil compaction on the growth and yield of wheat on uniform, sandy soils

1989 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 497 ◽  
Author(s):  
CWL Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Penetration Resistance ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Single Index ◽  
Yield Variation ◽  
Soil Penetration Resistance ◽  
Good Potential ◽  
The Impact

The relationships between soil penetration resistance and the growth and yield of wheat were examined for a range of tillage and compaction experiments conducted on earthy sands near Geraldton, W.A. Overall, a single index of penetration resistance explained around 50% of the growth and yield variation, across sites and seasons. Equations using this index showed good potential for predicting the impact of various tillage and traffic practices on wheat yield.

Promotion of flowering in western hemlock by gibberellin A4/7 applied at different stages of bud and shoot development

1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 1051-1058 ◽  
Author(s):  
John N. Owens ◽  
Anna M. Colangeli
Keyword(s):  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Shoot Development ◽  
Western Hemlock ◽  
Bud Burst ◽  
Cone Production ◽  
Seed Cone ◽  
Pollen Cone ◽  
Vegetative Bud

Cone buds were induced on container-grown and field-grown western hemlock (Tsugaheterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) clones during a 3-year period to study the effects of time and duration of gibberellin A4/7 treatment on cone induction, sexuality of cones, and to relate these results to bud and shoot development. The most effective treatment times preceded anatomical differentiation. The most abundant pollen cones and seed cones were produced when trees were sprayed with gibberellin A4/7 before vegetative bud burst and early shoot elongation. Two to three weekly gibberellin A4/7 applications starting at preswollen and swollen-bud stages were adequate for pollen-cone production. Pollen-cone production decreased when the applications were started at vegetative bud burst or during early shoot elongation. A minimum of three weekly applications were required for seed-cone production, and applications were equally effective when started at preswollen, swollen, and vegetative bud burst stages. Seed-cone production decreased when three weekly applications were started during early shoot elongation; however, this was overcome by increasing the number of applications.

scholarly journals Initial growth and yield structure of selected cultivars of cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.) cultivated on mineral soils

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-86
Author(s):  
Eugeniusz Szwonek ◽  
Robert Maciorowski ◽  
Bohdan Koziński ◽  
Kazimierz Smolarz ◽  
Lidia Sas-Paszt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Floral Induction ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Yield Variation ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Mineral Soils ◽  
Chemical Conditions

AbstractA study was conducted to evaluate the possibility of cranberry cultivation on mineral soils and to assess the influence of vegetative biomass development, generative growth and yield components on the yielding of three cranberry cultivars originating in the USA (Stevens, Pilgrim and Ben Lear) at two locations in Poland. The key biometrical traits involved in yield formation were taken into account, and the soil and plant chemical conditions were evaluated. All of the measured biometrical characteristics were strongly influenced by the location and the year of cultivation, and varietal differences were also noted. The most important determinants that explained yield variation were: the number of uprights per square meter, floral induction and berry set. However, the participation of each component in yield variation was strongly affected by the location, age of plantation and to a minor extent by the cultivar. The study confirmed the possibility of cranberry cultivation on mineral soils with a low pH. The biggest average yield of the three years was collected from cv. Stevens as cultivated on sandy soil in contrast to the same cultivar grown on sandy loam soil. In the case of sandy loam soil after acidification, cv. Pilgrim appeared to be a relatively better yielding cultivar.

scholarly journals The seasonal dynamics of bud dormancy in grapevine suggest a regulated checkpoint prior to acclimation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yazhini Velappan ◽  
Tinashe G Chabikwa ◽  
John A Considine ◽  
Patricia Agudelo-Romero ◽  
Christine H Foyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Growth ◽  
Bud Dormancy ◽  
Bud Burst ◽  
Transcriptome Data ◽  
Seasonal Plasticity ◽  
Bud Set ◽  
Cellular Quiescence ◽  
Approaches To Study ◽  
Bud Respiration ◽  
Transcription Data

ABSTRACTGrapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) displays wide plasticity to climate and seasonality, ranging from strongly deciduous to evergreen. Understanding the physiology of decisions to grow or quiesce is critical for improved crop management, prediction, and the adaptability of production to alternative climate scenarios. The perenniating bud (N+2) is a major economic unit and focus of study. Here we investigated the physiology and transcriptome of cv. Merlot buds grown in a temperate maritime climate from summer to spring in two consecutive years. The changes in bud respiration, hydration and internal tissue oxygen data were consistent with the transcriptome data. ABA-responsive gene processes prevailed upon the transition to a deep metabolic and cellular quiescence in the bud during autumn. Light, together with hypoxia and redox signalling presided over the resumption of nuclear and cellular growth in the transition to spring. Comparisons with transcriptome data from bud burst studies revealed a number of regulatory candidates for the orderly resumption of growth in spring, including components that may integrate light and temperature signalling. Importantly however, the bud burst forcing data, which is widely used as a measure of bud dormancy, were not consistent with the physiological and transcription data. We hypothesise the existence of a physiological checkpoint following bud set in summer, which if not met results in extreme quiescence. Collectively this is the most integrated developmental dataset of the latent bud of cultivated grapevine, and establishes a platform for systems approaches to study seasonal plasticity.One sentence summaryPhysiology and transcriptome data provide strong evidence of a regulatory checkpoint prior to acclimation and dormancy in latent grapevine buds.

scholarly journals Responses of Maize and Tomato Crops to Fertilization with Three Agroforestry Litter Species (Annona senegalensis, Terminalia macroptera and Parkia biglobosa)

2020 ◽  
pp. 80-92
Author(s):  
T. J. Massai ◽  
A. Ngakou ◽  
A. Ibrahima
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Parkia Biglobosa ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Yield Variation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Maize Plants ◽  
The University ◽  
Significant Production

The objective of this study was to assess the effect of Annona senegalensis, Parkia biglobosa and Terminalia macroptera litters amended to soil in order to improve growth and yield of tomato and maize plants. Trials were conducted at the University of Ngaoundere in a complete randomised block design for each of the two crops. Treatments consisted for each crop of a control (T) and three litters-based fertilizers of A. senegalensis (AS), P. biglobosa (PB) and T. macroptera (TM). The analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare means between treatments. The results obtained indicate that the chemical characteristics of litters varied from one plant species to another. The pH of the three litters AS, PB and TM (6.06; 6.02; 6.07) was acid, while nitrogen content ranged from 2.43% (PB) to 1.40% (TM). A significant difference was observed between treatments for plant height of tomato (p = 0.0016) and maize (p = 0.039). The litters of  A. senegalensis (80.33 g) and P. biglobosa (70.60 g) stimulated a significant production of more maize biomass compared to that of the control (37.26 g). The tomato biomass produced under soil amended with litter of A. senegalensis (27.33 g) and T. macroptera (31.27 g) was significantly more abundant (p = 0.035) than that of control (17.31 g). For tomato plants, the highest yield was observed for the treatment litter of A. senegalensis (7.35 t/ha), while the lowest yield accounted for the control (3.48 t/ha). The yield variation between treatments was in the following order: AS> PB>TM>T. As for maize, the yield varied from 4.15 t/ha (litter of T. macroptera) to 1.66 t/ha (control), and was classified between different treatments as: TM> PB > AS> T. Among the three tested litters, Annona senegalensis litter was the best for tomato, whereas Terminalia macroptera litter was better for maize production.

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