Three-point linkage analysis in crosses of allogamous plant species

Ritter & Salamini (1996) presented a systematic account of two-point linkage analysis in allogamous diploid plant species. Vowden et al. (1995) described an alternative approach that is implemented in a computer program LINKEM. This paper describes how the latter approach has been extended to three-point linkage analysis, and implemented in a new program LINK3EM that is available from the authors. The essence of the approach is for the computer program to derive the appropriate form of analysis for a specific cross from its ‘knowledge’ of the most general type of cross that can arise. This avoids the need for programming specific codes for the many different types of cross that can arise. The program allows different locus orderings and parental phases to be compared. The Haldane or Kosambi map functions can be specified, although it is also possible to estimate all three pairwise recombination fractions without any assumed map function.

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Book Reviews

Journal of Economic Literature ◽

10.1257/jel.54.1.240.r3 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 54 (1) ◽

pp. 243-246

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Real World ◽

Value Added ◽

The United States ◽

University Of California ◽

Value Added Tax ◽

Alternative Approach ◽

Different Types ◽

The Many

Roger H. Gordon of University of California, San Diego reviews “The Rise of the Value-Added Tax”, by Kathryn James. The Econlit abstract of this book begins: “Explores the evolution of the value-added tax (VAT) from relative obscurity to one of the world's most dominant revenue systems, why countries have adopted the VAT, and why different countries adopt different types of VAT. Discusses the rise of the value-added tax; an introduction to the good VAT; an introduction to the many real VATs in existence; the conventional approach to explaining the rise of the VAT; moving toward an alternative approach to explaining the rise of the VAT; case studies on the real-world challenges of VAT reform in Australia and the United States; and conclusions on the rise of the value-added tax.”

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Sam Domains in Multiple Diseases

Current Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/0929867325666181009114445 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 27 (3) ◽

pp. 450-476 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Marian Vincenzi ◽

Flavia Anna Mercurio ◽

Marilisa Leone

Keyword(s):

Disease Onset ◽

Protein Domain ◽

Sam Domain ◽

Different Types ◽

Protein Functions ◽

Helical Protein ◽

The Many ◽

Novel Therapeutic Strategies ◽

Novel Drug ◽

Pathological Event

Background: The sterile alpha motif (Sam) domain is a small helical protein module, able to undergo homo- and hetero-oligomerization, as well as polymerization, thus forming different types of protein architectures. A few Sam domains are involved in pathological processes and consequently, they represent valuable targets for the development of new potential therapeutic routes. This study intends to collect state-of-the-art knowledge on the different modes by which Sam domains can favor disease onset and progression. Methods: This review was build up by searching throughout the literature, for: a) the structural properties of Sam domains, b) interactions mediated by a Sam module, c) presence of a Sam domain in proteins relevant for a specific disease. Results: Sam domains appear crucial in many diseases including cancer, renal disorders, cataracts. Often pathologies are linked to mutations directly positioned in the Sam domains that alter their stability and/or affect interactions that are crucial for proper protein functions. In only a few diseases, the Sam motif plays a kind of "side role" and cooperates to the pathological event by enhancing the action of a different protein domain. Conclusion: Considering the many roles of the Sam domain into a significant variety of diseases, more efforts and novel drug discovery campaigns need to be engaged to find out small molecules and/or peptides targeting Sam domains. Such compounds may represent the pillars on which to build novel therapeutic strategies to cure different pathologies.

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The Nanosystems Involved in Treating Lung Cancer

Life ◽

10.3390/life11070682 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 682

Author(s):

Andreea Crintea ◽

Alina Gabriela Dutu ◽

Gabriel Samasca ◽

Ioan Alexandru Florian ◽

Iulia Lupan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Side Effects ◽

Chromosomal Rearrangements ◽

Sirna Delivery ◽

Delivery Systems ◽

Inorganic Nanoparticles ◽

New Methods ◽

Different Types ◽

Or Gene ◽

The Many

Even though there are various types of cancer, this pathology as a whole is considered the principal cause of death worldwide. Lung cancer is known as a heterogeneous condition, and it is apparent that genome modification presents a significant role in the occurrence of this disorder. There are conventional procedures that can be utilized against diverse cancer types, such as chemotherapy or radiotherapy, but they are hampered by the numerous side effects. Owing to the many adverse events observed in these therapies, it is imperative to continuously develop new and improved strategies for managing individuals with cancer. Nanomedicine plays an important role in establishing new methods for detecting chromosomal rearrangements and mutations for targeted chemotherapeutics or the local delivery of drugs via different types of nano-particle carriers to the lungs or other organs or areas of interest. Because of the complex signaling pathways involved in developing different types of cancer, the need to discover new methods for prevention and detection is crucial in producing gene delivery materials that exhibit the desired roles. Scientists have confirmed that nanotechnology-based procedures are more effective than conventional chemotherapy or radiotherapy, with minor side effects. Several nanoparticles, nanomaterials, and nanosystems have been studied, including liposomes, dendrimers, polymers, micelles, inorganic nanoparticles, such as gold nanoparticles or carbon nanotubes, and even siRNA delivery systems. The cytotoxicity of such nanosystems is a debatable concern, and nanotechnology-based delivery systems must be improved to increase the bioavailability, biocompatibility, and safety profiles, since these nanosystems boast a remarkable potential in many biomedical applications, including anti-tumor activity or gene therapy. In this review, the nanosystems involved in treating lung cancer and its associated challenges are discussed.

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Wall Boundary Layers in Turbomachines

Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science ◽

10.1243/jmes_jour_1972_014_052_02 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 14 (6) ◽

pp. 411-423 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

H. Marsh ◽

J. H. Horlock

Keyword(s):

Boundary Layer ◽

Integral Equations ◽

Cross Flow ◽

Inlet Guide Vanes ◽

Wall Boundary Layer ◽

Wall Boundary ◽

Alternative Approach ◽

Flow Through ◽

The Many ◽

Momentum Integral

Equations for the passage-averaged flow in a cascade are used to derive the momentum integral equations governing the development of the wall boundary layer in turbomachines. Several existing methods of analysis are discussed and an alternative approach is given which is based on the passage-averaged momentum integral equations. The analysis leads to an anomaly in the prediction of the cross flow and to avoid this it is suggested that for the many-bladed cascade there should be a variation of the blade force through the boundary layer. This variation of the blade force can be included in the analysis as a force deficit integral. The growth of the wall boundary layer has been calculated by four methods and the predictions are compared with two sets of published experimental results for flow through inlet guide vanes.

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Object recognition using hybrid boosting method

10.7287/peerj.preprints.2220v1 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Osama Ashfaq

Keyword(s):

Object Recognition ◽

Covariance Matrix ◽

Local Region ◽

Computational Time ◽

Local Descriptor ◽

Alternative Approach ◽

Different Types ◽

Boosting Method ◽

Mixture Of Gaussian ◽

Diagonal Covariance Matrix

Li (ICCV, 2005) proposed a novel generative/discriminative way to combine features with different types and use them to learn labels in the images. However, the mixture of Gaussian used in Li’s paper suffers greatly from the curse of dimensionality. Here I propose an alternative approach to generate local region descriptor. I treat GMM with diagonal covariance matrix and PCA as separate features, and combine them as the local descriptor. In this way, we could reduce the computational time for mixture model greatly while score greater 90% accuracies for caltech-4 image sets.

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Rhizophora stylosa as a protector against overwhelming copper (Cu) and lead (Pb) metal substances and how they affect on Belawan’s water quality

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/912/1/012060 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 912 (1) ◽

pp. 012060

Author(s):

Yunasfi ◽

R Leidonald ◽

A Dalimunthe ◽

A S Siregar

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Water Quality ◽

Biological System ◽

Coastal Environment ◽

Coastal Areas ◽

Mangrove Species ◽

Rhizophora Stylosa ◽

Different Types ◽

The Many ◽

North Sumatra

Abstract Rhizopohora stylosa, Rhizopohora mucronata, Rhizopohora apiculata, and Bruguiera gymnorhyza are among the rare types of mangrove found in coastal areas. The presence of these mangrove species in the coastal environment could be a boon to the environment. R. stylosa is one of the many species, and it can be used as a plant that collects heavy metals present in coastal areas. As a result of out-of-collection metals from various mechanical exercises that exist surrounding waterways and estuaries. From May to August 2021, researchers studied the capacity of R. stylosa to withstand the heavy metals copper (Cu) and lead (Pb) and their impact on water quality. This investigation took place at the Belawan Stream Estuary in Baristan Medan, as well as the Office of Timberland Development’s research center at the College of North Sumatra. Different types of mengrove plants found in coastal areas have unique strategies for dealing with contaminaton caused by heavy metals. Constructing various types of overpowering netal at various portions of the tree is one of the few methodologies used by mangroves. R. stylosa is a type of mangrove that may collect a lot of metal in its roots and stem before clearing it out. Overwhelming metals will degrade water quality, which will, in turn, degrade the condition of the biological system as a whole. The overpowering metal substance of Cu and Pb in the R. stylosa mangrove was found to be higher than that of Pb. The Cu component was found to be more notable than Pb in the water contained within the developing put of R. stylosa. Meanwhile, the mud material in which the R. stylosa mangrove grows creates an abundance of metal substance that is less than that of Pb.

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LOADS ON WIND TURBINES ACCESS PLATFORMS WITH GRATINGS

Coastal Engineering Proceedings ◽

10.9753/icce.v32.structures.65 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 1 (32) ◽

pp. 65

Author(s):

Thomas Lykke Andersen ◽

Peter Frigaard ◽

Michael R Rasmussen ◽

Luca Martinelli

Keyword(s):

Drag Coefficient ◽

Wind Turbine ◽

Wind Turbines ◽

Large Scale ◽

Peak Load ◽

Multiplication Factor ◽

Preliminary Results ◽

Different Types ◽

The Many ◽

Large Scale Tests

The present paper deals with loads on wind turbine access platforms. The many planned new wind turbine parks together with the observed damages on platforms in several existing parks make the topic very important. The paper gives an overview of recently developed design formulae for different types of entrance platforms. Moreover, the paper present new results on loads on grates based on both drag coefficient measurements and preliminary results on slamming from large scale tests. As expected both investigations show that platforms with grates give a significant reduction in the loads compared to closed plate platforms. The grate multiplication factor, defined as the peak load on the grate platform relative to the peak load on a closed plate platform was found approximately equal to the solidity of the grate.

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Multivocity in Topics 1.15

Peitho Examina Antiqua ◽

10.14746/pea.2016.1.4 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 69-86

Author(s):

Mikołaj Domaradzki

Keyword(s):

Different Types ◽

Adequate Definition ◽

The Many ◽

Definition Of

This paper discusses Aristotle’s account of multivocity (πολλαχῶς/ πλεοναχῶς λέγεται) as expounded in Topics 1.15. This article argues that an inquiry into how many ways (ποσαχῶς) something is said becomes for Aristotle a tool of dialectical examination that he employs throughout his entire philosophical career: investigating the many/multiple ways (πολλαχῶς/πλεοναχῶς) something is said allows one to recognize the ambiguity of the term in question and, consequently, to construct an adequate definition of its referent. The present study reconstructs the various strategies for detecting ambiguity and discusses its different types. Subsequently, the paper accounts for why Aristotle moves so easily from words and their meanings to things and their essences. Finally, the article presents an analysis of the connection between the many ways something is said and the various categories it is predicated in. The considerations are supported by a new translation of Topics 1.15.

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Handling the Theme of Hands in early Modern Cross-over Contexts

Early Modern Culture Online ◽

10.15845/emco.v5i0.1291 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 ◽

pp. 31

Author(s):

Anne Sophie Haar Refskou ◽

Laura Søvsø Thomasen

Keyword(s):

Early Modern ◽

Human Perception ◽

Human Hand ◽

Complex Phenomenon ◽

Comparative Analyses ◽

Different Types ◽

Textual Culture ◽

The Many ◽

Frequent Presence

The human hand is a complex phenomenon within the contexts of early modern visual and textual culture. Its frequent presence in early modern texts and illustrations - as well as the many different types of described and depicted hands - raises a number of questions as to its functions and significances. In this article, we examine the role of the hand and two of its familiar functions –pointing and touching – against diverse and diverging understandings of human perception and cognition in the period focussing particularly on relations between bodies and minds. Through comparative analyses of cross-over examples from both medicine, manuals and drama – primarily John Bulwer’sChirologia and Chironomia, William Harvey’s de Motu Cordis and extracts from Shakespeare’s plays – we explore the questions implied by hands and their contributions to the knowledge probed and proposed by these texts and illustrations.

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