scholarly journals V.—Theoretical Remarks on the Gravel and Drift of the Fenlands

1866 ◽  
Vol 3 (29) ◽  
pp. 495-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry G. Seeley
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Vegetable Growth ◽  
Boulder Clay ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Shell Bed ◽  
The Hill ◽  
Fine Gravel ◽  
Coarse Gravel ◽  
Brown Clay

Summary1. The brown Boulder-clay corresponds with the brown Clay of the Eastern counties, and is oldest.2. Then the hill gravel, the blue Boulder-clay, and perhaps the shell bed of March corresponds to the contorted drift.3. As elevation progressed, the Fenlands would become one great fiord, ramifying at the Cambridge end up the southern valleys in the Chalk. First the coarse gravels of low levels were formed, and finally, during a long period—for the flints are wonderfully worn—the fine gravel of the plains. After which the country was elevated, and the sea denuded the superficial beds and retired. This corresponds to the Upper Boulder-clay and coarse gravel of the Norfolk section.4. Now rivers cut their channels, and there commenced luxuriant vegetable growth, which corresponds with the excavation of the Mundesley river and the Mundesley peat.5. Then a depression, during which was formed the Buttery-clay the Fens. This corresponds with the Upper Sands and Gravel of Mundesley.6. And, finally, comes the second peat and the present state of nature.I believe this succession is true for a far larger area than the Fenlands, perhaps for all Great Britain.

2. On the Superficial Deposits of Gravel, Clay, Sand, &c., which cover the Rock Formations of the Lothians, and south coast of Fife

1845 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 214-216
Author(s):  
David Milne
Keyword(s):  
South Coast ◽  
Rock Formations ◽  
Boulder Clay ◽  
Fine Gravel ◽  
Brown Clay

The author enumerated seven different deposits, overlying the rocks of the district, and subjacent to the existing soil which supports vegetation. These he described in the following order, beginning with the lowest.(1.) Sand and fine gravel, which in some places form beds twelve feet thick.(2.) Boulder-clay—being a stiff black or dark brown clay, characterised by enormous boulders imbedded in it, and which is occasionally forty feet thick.

The Early Minoan Occupation of Knossos: A Note on some new Evidence.

1972 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 115-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Evans
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Major Obstacle ◽  
Early Bronze Age ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Hill ◽  
New Evidence

Following their discovery of the “Burnt Palace” at Beycesultan in the mid 1950's, Seton Lloyd and James Mellaart drew attention to a number of features of its architecture which seemed to indicate links with the palace architecture of Minoan Crete, and discussed the possible significance of these similarities (Lloyd and Mellaart, 1956 118–123, 1965 61, 62). Whatever this may be in terms of relationships between the two areas in the second millennium B.C., however, it seems clear that they cannot throw any light on the first appearance of palaces in Crete. The problems of the origin and development of the Cretan Bronze Age palaces are complex, and though they have been much discussed since the first excavations in the early years of the century, a major obstacle to progress has always been the lack of precise evidence, or even of any evidence at all, for the early stages of the process. As they stand, most of the palaces are the product of a series of rebuildings and remodellings over a long period, and it is not always clear just what they were like when first erected. Most frustrating of all, however, is the lack of evidence bearing on the question of whether they were preceded, during the Early Bronze Age, by buildings which were in any respect analogous in form and function. It has long been clear that the sites of some of the major Middle and Late Minoan palaces were occupied during the Early Minoan period, but at Phaistos and Knossos at any rate extensive clearing and levelling in preparation for the erection of the Middle Minoan palaces has obliterated practically all traces of the Early Minoan buildings. At Phaistos Branigan has hinted that the fragments of walls found by Pernier (1935, pl. VI) on the highest point of the hill might have belonged to a building of some consequence, possibly similar to the Early Minoan II mansion known as the House on the Hill at Vasiliki (Branigan 1970, p. 41). Branigan thinks that in addition to the rooms mentioned by Pernier, there may be traces of a corridor similar to that in the Vasiliki building. Only the bottom two courses of the walls survive, so that it is difficult to say much about their construction, though it seems to be poorer than that of the walls of some Early Minoan private houses later found by Levi on another part of the site.

scholarly journals VI. On the Physical Features of the Coal-basin South of Wales

1865 ◽  
Vol 2 (10) ◽  
pp. 158-163
Author(s):  
G. Philips Bevan
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Physical Geography ◽  
General Notion ◽  
Coal Field ◽  
Coal Basin ◽  
Outward Appearance ◽  
South West ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Physical Features ◽  
The Hill

There is not in Great Britain any coal-field so characeristic as that of South Wales; nor one which in outward appearance so little agrees with the general notion as to what a coal-field should be like. Instead of the barren and monotonous surface that we usually find in Durham, Staffordshire, Lancashire, or Scotland, we find scenery of a high order,—lofty hills, romantic dales, broken scaurs, and woods feathering down to the banks of the streams that run brawling to the Bristol Channel. It is a wonder indeed that tourists do not oftener explore these gems of South-West landscape, particularly as every valley is now accessible by railway. Nor is it merely in scenic interest that the basin is peculiar; for the very physical arrangement which gives the hill and dale enables much of the coal to be won by level, instead of pit, thus forming a marked feature in the economy of the working. It is with regard to this physical geography that I would say a few words, as viewed in relation to the geology of the basin.

scholarly journals Hill Problem Analytical Theory to the Order Four: Application to the Computation of Frozen Orbits around Planetary Satellites

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Lara ◽  
Jesús F. Palacián
Keyword(s):  
Fourth Order ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Analytical Theory ◽  
Hill Problem ◽  
Frozen Orbits ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Lie Transforms ◽  
Planetary Satellites ◽  
The Hill ◽  
Order Four

Frozen orbits of the Hill problem are determined in the double-averaged problem, where short and long-period terms are removed by means of Lie transforms. Due to the perturbation method we use, the initial conditions of corresponding quasi-periodic solutions in the nonaveraged problem are computed straightforwardly. Moreover, the method provides the explicit equations of the transformation that connects the averaged and nonaveraged models. A fourth-order analytical theory is necessary for the accurate computation of quasi-periodic frozen orbits.

scholarly journals A survey for variable young stars with small telescopes: II – mapping a protoplanetary disc with stable structures at 0.15 au

2020 ◽  
Vol 493 (1) ◽  
pp. 184-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack J Evitts ◽  
Dirk Froebrich ◽  
Aleks Scholz ◽  
Jochen Eislöffel ◽  
Justyn Campbell-White ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Scales ◽  
Broad Band ◽  
T Tauri ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Citizen Science Project ◽  
The Hill ◽  
Colour Terms ◽  
High Cadence

ABSTRACT The HOYS citizen science project conducts long-term, multifilter, high-cadence monitoring of large YSO samples with a wide variety of professional and amateur telescopes. We present the analysis of the light curve of V1490 Cyg in the Pelican Nebula. We show that colour terms in the diverse photometric data can be calibrated out to achieve a median photometric accuracy of 0.02 mag in broad-band filters, allowing detailed investigations into a variety of variability amplitudes over time-scales from hours to several years. Using Gaia DR2, we estimate the distance to the Pelican Nebula to be 870 $^{+70}_{-55}$ pc. V1490 Cyg is a quasi-periodic dipper with a period of 31.447 ± 0.011 d. The obscuring dust has homogeneous properties, and grains larger than those typical in the ISM. Larger variability on short time-scales is observed in U and Rc−H α, with U amplitudes reaching 3 mag on time-scales of hours, indicating that the source is accreting. The H α equivalent width and NIR/MIR colours place V1490 Cyg between CTTS/WTTS and transition disc objects. The material responsible for the dipping is located in a warped inner disc, about 0.15 au from the star. This mass reservoir can be filled and emptied on time-scales shorter than the period at a rate of up to 10−10 M⊙ yr−1, consistent with low levels of accretion in other T Tauri stars. Most likely, the warp at this separation from the star is induced by a protoplanet in the inner accretion disc. However, we cannot fully rule out the possibility of an AA Tau-like warp, or occultations by the Hill sphere around a forming planet.

Influence of some soil properties on Wimmera wheat yields

Soil Research ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
GW Ford ◽  
RS Jessop ◽  
JJ Martin
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Grain Protein Content ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Mineralizable Nitrogen ◽  
Brown Clay

In two experiments the growth and grain yield of wheat were compared on calcareous grey and brown clay soils, and related to seasonal changes in soil water, mineral nitrogen and labile (mineralizable) nitrogen. The soils occurred at the sites either as a mosaic (experiment 1) or as topographically distinct areas in the same paddock (experiment 2). Soil type did not affect grain yield in either experiment, although the more favourable seasonal conditions in 1971 (experiment 2) resulted in substantially higher yields. In experiment 2, grain protein content was highest on the grey clay, and was associated with a lower lability of organic nitrogen in the brown clay. In both experiments mineral nitrogen was predominantly nitrate. It declined during crop growth to very low levels by flowering; increases during grain ripening were small. The net decline in mineral nitrogen closely approximated plant uptake in both experiments. Losses due to leaching and denitrification appear to be small. Labile nitrogen increased during crop growth, probably as a result of the 'rhizosphere effect'. Soil type affected the depletion of soil water by the crop; consumption was higher in both grey clays, partly due to lower depletion from the subsoils of the brown clays. In experiment 2 this was associated with restricted root development in this zone. In both experiments the crops had depleted soil water to below the - 15 bar level by flowering; stress during grain filling was greatest in experiment 1, and higher on the brown clays.

Analysis of Groundwater Qualitative Parameters in the Hill and Plain Sector of Dambovita County – Romania

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-52
Author(s):  
Iulia Nitu ◽  
Ovidiu Murarescu ◽  
George Muratoreanu ◽  
Madalina Frinculeasa ◽  
Aurelia Corina Cosac
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Area ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Maximum Allowable Concentration ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Treatment Techniques ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
High Plain ◽  
The Hill ◽  
Health Impairments

Abstract Water intended for human consumption (whether natural or after applying appropriate treatment techniques) must comply with the values of quality parameters according to the laws and regulations in force. The geographical area analysed in this study covers part of Dambovita County and lies at the contact between the Outer Subcarpathian Hills at the Curvature and Candesti Piedmont, the High Plain of Targoviste and Titu Subsidence Plain. Considering that the population in this area is also supplied with water from individual wells, which capture surface aquifers, changes in some potability parameters may appear punctually, inducing a number of health impairments if consumed over a long period of time. 12 sample points have been chosen in localities considered to be vulnerable and a number of parameters (pH, Ca2+, Cl-) have been analysed in the laboratory. Analyses have revealed excessive MAC (Maximum Allowable Concentration) in some locations such as Glodeni and Gheboaia.

A consideration of Some retrospective data on breast-feeding in Great Britain

1978 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 389-400
Author(s):  
C. M. Langford
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Retrospective Data ◽  
Breast Feed ◽  
The Social ◽  
Large Families ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Breast Fed

SummarySome retrospective data collected in a survey carried out in 1967–68 show that the practice of breast-feeding declined markedly in Great Britain between the 1930s and the 1960s. Throughout, women higher up the social-educational scale breast-fed more than those lower down. Women marrying before the age of 20 (as well as those marrying at age 30 or older) tended to breast-feed less than those marrying in their twenties; for the former, the explanation was probably ‘social’. Needing, or choosing, to return to work soon after confinement was not, in general, an important inhibiting factor so far as breast-feeding was concerned. From the 1967–68 data, there seemed to be a negative association between the level of breast-feeding and birth order, but this may not have been ‘genuine’ since other data did not agree. There was a positive association between level of breast-feeding and family size, for family sizes up to four, but a drop for those with five or more children. This latter feature could be the result of a tendency for those with large families to arrive at this situation by way of short interbirth intervals, this in turn being associated with low levels of breast-feeding; the former might possibly reflect a positive link between women' capacity to breast-feed and their capacity to bear children.

scholarly journals IV.—The age of Floating Ice in North Wales

1872 ◽  
Vol 9 (91) ◽  
pp. 15-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Mackintosh
Keyword(s):  
Brick Clay ◽  
Red Clay ◽  
Railway Station ◽  
The Road ◽  
North Wales ◽  
Gravel Pits ◽  
Sand And Gravel ◽  
Fine Gravel ◽  
Brown Clay

Without occupying valuable space with introductory remarks, I would begin with a description and attempted explanation of the drifts along the coast of Rhos Bay, or what is now generally called Colwyn Bay. Well-sinkings, clay and gravel pits, and coast sections, very clearly reveal a quadripartite arrangement of drifts similar to what may be seen in Cumberland. A recent well-boring at Old Colwyn went through loose gravel 9 feet; brown clay, 33 feet; and was stopped in blue clay. In Mr. Pender's brickfield, west of the Station, the pit-section and a well-boring have revealed red brick clay nearly 20 feet; sand and a little fine gravel, 16 feet; boring drill stuck fast under 60 feet of blue clay. In the ballast-pit close to the Railway Station, 30 or 40 feet of sand and gravel lie under a thin covering of red clay, the former (according to Mr. Darbishire, though this I overlooked) being underlaid by brown clay; and the sand rises up from beneath the red clay at a spot south of the road between New Colwyn and Mr. Pender's brickfield.

scholarly journals On the Denudation of Arthur's Seat

The Geologist ◽  
1864 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 93-99
Author(s):  
James Haswell
Keyword(s):  
Physical Geography ◽  
Great Change ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Coal Beds ◽  
History Of ◽  
Boulder Clay ◽  
East And West

“Quid magis est saxo durum ? quid mollius unda ?Dura tamen molli saxa cavantur aqua.”The condition of Central Scotland during the long period represented by the Secondary formations is involved in darkness. On the east and west coasts of Scotland rocks of Secondary age occur north of the Grampians, but of the physical history of Central Scotland during the time these rocks were deposited, we know nothing. From the time of the deposition of our Upper Coal-beds, or, it may be, of some Permian Sandstones, up till the time when the whole island was locked fast in one immense mantle of ice, we are almost entirely ignorant of what was going on in that part of the country which lies between the Grampians and the Forth. And the man who shall decipher for us the physical geography of that period, and reveal to us the old surface of that district, with its vegetation and animal productions, prior to the time of the Boulder Clay, will have rendered no small service to the cause of Scottish geology.But although we have not as yet been able to trace the old surface of the land, we are not altogether without data to guide us in our researches. One thing is clear and certain,—a great change was taking place over the whole face of this region.

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