Columnar-jointed bentonite below a Doleritic Sill, Tideswell Dale, Derbyshire, UK: formation during prograde contact metamorphism

2020 ◽  
Vol 157 (7) ◽  
pp. 1181-1198 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Mullineux ◽  
RSJ Sparks ◽  
MD Murphy ◽  
C MacNiocaill ◽  
D Barfod ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fractured Rock ◽  
Explosive Volcanism ◽  
Contact Metamorphism ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Palaeomagnetic Data ◽  
High K ◽  
Column Formation ◽  
Prismatic Joints ◽  
Felsic Volcanic ◽  
High Level

AbstractColumnar-jointed tuffs (bentonites) are located below the Lower Carboniferous Tideswell Dale Sill, Derbyshire, in an abandoned quarry. There are three zones of prismatic joints, columnar joints (∼60 cm thick and mean column width of 4.1 cm) and massive, conchoidally fractured rock sequentially from the dolerite contact downwards. The rocks are very fine-grained (1–10 µm) and consist mainly of sanidine, interlayered illite/smectite, and hematite, with minor quartz, apatite, montmorillonite, anatase and detrital minerals. High K2O and Fe2O3, low Na2O and low MgO are interpreted as due to alteration of felsic volcanic ash. The bentonite was contact-metamorphosed by the sill to temperatures of c. 300 °C. The progression of fracture geometries, thermal considerations and application of theories of column formation indicate that columns formed downwards away from the sill, due to prograde contact metamorphism of the originally clay-rich bentonite. The formation of columnar fracture networks by shrinkage due to igneous heating may have implications for the effectiveness of bentonite as a barrier for disposal of high-level radioactive waste. Regional dimensions include documenting widespread felsic explosive volcanism and inferring a Triassic oxidation event from palaeomagnetic data.

A challenge for historical research: Making data FAIR using a collaborative ontology management environment (OntoME)

Semantic Web ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Francesco Beretta
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Data Modelling ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Fair Principles ◽  
Active Research ◽  
New Research ◽  
High Level ◽  
Conceptual Data ◽  
Ontology Management

This paper addresses the issue of interoperability of data generated by historical research and heritage institutions in order to make them re-usable for new research agendas according to the FAIR principles. After introducing the symogih.org project’s ontology, it proposes a description of the essential aspects of the process of historical knowledge production. It then develops an epistemological and semantic analysis of conceptual data modelling applied to factual historical information, based on the foundational ontologies Constructive Descriptions and Situations and DOLCE, and discusses the reasons for adopting the CIDOC CRM as a core ontology for the field of historical research, but extending it with some relevant, missing high-level classes. Finally, it shows how collaborative data modelling carried out in the ontology management environment OntoME makes it possible to elaborate a communal fine-grained and adaptive ontology of the domain, provided an active research community engages in this process. With this in mind, the Data for history consortium was founded in 2017 and promotes the adoption of a shared conceptualization in the field of historical research.

One-IPC high-level simulation of microthreaded many-core architectures

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irfan Uddin
Keyword(s):  
Design Space Exploration ◽  
Instruction Set ◽  
Efficient Design ◽  
Simulation Framework ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Detailed Simulation ◽  
High Level ◽  
Many Core ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Multiple Clusters

The microthreaded many-core architecture is comprised of multiple clusters of fine-grained multi-threaded cores. The management of concurrency is supported in the instruction set architecture of the cores and the computational work in application is asynchronously delegated to different clusters of cores, where the cluster is allocated dynamically. Computer architects are always interested in analyzing the complex interaction amongst the dynamically allocated resources. Generally a detailed simulation with a cycle-accurate simulation of the execution time is used. However, the cycle-accurate simulator for the microthreaded architecture executes at the rate of 100,000 instructions per second, divided over the number of simulated cores. This means that the evaluation of a complex application executing on a contemporary multi-core machine can be very slow. To perform efficient design space exploration we present a co-simulation environment, where the detailed execution of instructions in the pipeline of microthreaded cores and the interactions amongst the hardware components are abstracted. We present the evaluation of the high-level simulation framework against the cycle-accurate simulation framework. The results show that the high-level simulator is faster and less complicated than the cycle-accurate simulator but with the cost of losing accuracy.

Migration of Solutes in Unsaturated, Fractured Rock at Yucca Mountain: Measurements, Mechanisms, and Models

1995 ◽  
Vol 412 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Wolfsberg ◽  
B. A. Robinson ◽  
J. T. Fabryka-Martin
Keyword(s):  
Solute Transport ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Alternative Hypothesis ◽  
Fractured Rock ◽  
Yucca Mountain ◽  
Nuclear Waste Repository ◽  
Transport Studies ◽  
And Performance ◽  
High Level ◽  
A Site

AbstractCharacterization and performance assessment (PA) studies for the potential high-level nuclear waste repository at Yucca Mountain require an understanding of migration mechanisms and pathways of radioactive solutes. Measurements of 36C1 in samples extracted from boreholes at the site are being used in conjunction with recent infiltration estimates to calibrate a site-scale flow and solute transport model. This exercise using the flow and solute transport model, FEHM, involves testing different model formulations and two different hypotheses to explain the occurrence of elevated 36Cl in the Calico Hills unit (CHn) which indicates younger water than in the overlying Topopah Spring unit (TSw). One hypothesis suggests fast vertical transport from the surface via fractures in the TSw to the CHn. An alternative hypothesis is that the elevated 36C1 concentrations reflect rapid horizontal flow in the CHn or at the interface between the CHn and the TSw with the source being vertical percolation under spatially isolated regions of high infiltration or at outcrops of those units. Arguments in favor of and against the hypotheses are described in conjunction with the site-scale transport studies.

Stories as Technology: Past, Present, and Future

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger’s Bacon ◽  
Sergey Samsonau ◽  
Dario Krpan ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Good Story ◽  
High Level ◽  
Future Technologies

What is it about a good story that causes it to have life-changing effects on one person and not another? I wonder if future technologies will enable us to develop the type of truly deep and fine-grained understanding of stories as social, cognitive, and emotional technologies that might allow us to answer this question with a high-level of precision.

scholarly journals Thermo-hydro-mechanical processes in fractured rock formations during a glacial advance

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 2167-2185 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. S. Selvadurai ◽  
A. P. Suvorov ◽  
P. A. Selvadurai
Keyword(s):  
Rock Mass ◽  
Fractured Rock ◽  
Fluid Pressure ◽  
Computational Modelling ◽  
Fracture Zones ◽  
Saturated Rock ◽  
Rock Formations ◽  
Geological Formation ◽  
High Level Nuclear Waste ◽  
High Level

Abstract. The paper examines the coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical (THM) processes that develop in a fractured rock region within a fluid-saturated rock mass due to loads imposed by an advancing glacier. This scenario needs to be examined in order to assess the suitability of potential sites for the location of deep geologic repositories for the storage of high-level nuclear waste. The THM processes are examined using a computational multiphysics approach that takes into account thermo-poroelasticity of the intact geological formation and the presence of a system of sessile but hydraulically interacting fractures (fracture zones). The modelling considers coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical effects in both the intact rock and the fracture zones due to contact normal stresses and fluid pressure at the base of the advancing glacier. Computational modelling provides an assessment of the role of fractures in modifying the pore pressure generation within the entire rock mass.

scholarly journals Entity Type Recognition for Heterogeneous Semantic Graphs

AI Magazine ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Sleeman ◽  
Tim Finin ◽  
Anupam Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Background Knowledge ◽  
Knowledge Bases ◽  
Heterogeneous Data ◽  
Unstructured Data ◽  
Supervised Machine Learning ◽  
Coreference Resolution ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
High Level

We describe an approach for identifying fine-grained entity types in heterogeneous data graphs that is effective for unstructured data or when the underlying ontologies or semantic schemas are unknown. Identifying fine-grained entity types, rather than a few high-level types, supports coreference resolution in heterogeneous graphs by reducing the number of possible coreference relations that must be considered. Big data problems that involve integrating data from multiple sources can benefit from our approach when the datas ontologies are unknown, inaccessible or semantically trivial. For such cases, we use supervised machine learning to map entity attributes and relations to a known set of attributes and relations from appropriate background knowledge bases to predict instance entity types. We evaluated this approach in experiments on data from DBpedia, Freebase, and Arnetminer using DBpedia as the background knowledge base.

Chapter 3.1b Antarctic Peninsula and South Shetland Islands: petrology

2021 ◽  
pp. M55-2018-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip T. Leat ◽  
Teal R. Riley
Keyword(s):  
Antarctic Peninsula ◽  
Continental Margin ◽  
Volcanic Rocks ◽  
Oceanic Lithosphere ◽  
Contact Metamorphism ◽  
South Shetland Islands ◽  
Calc Alkaline ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
High K ◽  
The Antarctic

AbstractThe Antarctic Peninsula contains a record of continental-margin volcanism extending from Jurassic to Recent times. Subduction of the Pacific oceanic lithosphere beneath the continental margin developed after Late Jurassic volcanism in Alexander Island that was related to extension of the continental margin. Mesozoic ocean-floor basalts emplaced within the Alexander Island accretionary complex have compositions derived from Pacific mantle. The Antarctic Peninsula volcanic arc was active from about Early Cretaceous times until the Early Miocene. It was affected by hydrothermal alteration, and by regional and contact metamorphism generally of zeolite to prehnite–pumpellyite facies. Distinct geochemical groups recognized within the volcanic rocks suggest varied magma generation processes related to changes in subduction dynamics. The four groups are: calc-alkaline, high-Mg andesitic, adakitic and high-Zr, the last two being described in this arc for the first time. The dominant calc-alkaline group ranges from primitive mafic magmas to rhyolite, and from low- to high-K in composition, and was generated from a mantle wedge with variable depletion. The high-Mg and adakitic rocks indicate periods of melting of the subducting slab and variable equilibration of the melts with mantle. The high-Zr group is interpreted as peralkaline and may have been related to extension of the arc.

Hoxd10 induction and regionalization in the developing lumbosacral spinal cord

Development ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 128 (12) ◽  
pp. 2255-2268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia Lance-Jones ◽  
Natalia Omelchenko ◽  
Anya Bailis ◽  
Stephen Lynch ◽  
Kamal Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Neural Tube ◽  
Neural Tube Closure ◽  
Paraxial Mesoderm ◽  
Lumbosacral Region ◽  
Environmental Signals ◽  
Lumbosacral Spinal Cord ◽  
Column Formation ◽  
Lim Proteins ◽  
High Level

We have used Hoxd10 expression as a primary marker of the lumbosacral region to examine the early programming of regional characteristics within the posterior spinal cord of the chick embryo. Hoxd10 is uniquely expressed at a high level in the lumbosacral cord, from the earliest stages of motor column formation through stages of motoneuron axon outgrowth. To define the time period when this gene pattern is determined, we assessed Hoxd10 expression after transposition of lumbosacral and thoracic segments at early neural tube stages. We present evidence that there is an early prepattern for Hoxd10 expression in the lumbosacral neural tube; a prepattern that is established at or before stages of neural tube closure. Cells within more posterior lumbosacral segments have a greater ability to develop high level Hoxd10 expression than the most anterior lumbosacral segments or thoracic segments. During subsequent neural tube stages, this prepattern is amplified and stabilized by environmental signals such that all lumbosacral segments acquire the ability to develop high levels of Hoxd10, independent of their axial environment. Results from experiments in which posterior neural segments and/or paraxial mesoderm segments were placed at different axial levels suggest that signals setting Hoxd10 expression form a decreasing posterior-to-anterior gradient. Our experiments do not, however, implicate adjacent paraxial mesoderm as the only source of graded signals. We suggest, instead, that signals from more posterior embryonic regions influence Hoxd10 expression after the early establishment of a regional prepattern. Concurrent analyses of patterns of LIM proteins and motor column organization after experimental surgeries suggest that the programming of these characteristics follows similar rules.

Explaining continuous improvement

2021 ◽  
pp. 197-210
Author(s):  
John Toner ◽  
Barbara Gail Montero ◽  
Aidan Moran
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Improvement ◽  
Focused Attention ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Skill Maintenance ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Situational Demands ◽  
High Level ◽  
Conscious Processes ◽  
Automated Procedures

The final chapter synthesizes the arguments presented over the course of the book by suggesting that skill execution continues to be governed by conscious processes even after performers have attained a high level of expertise. It argues that skill-focused attention is necessary if experts are to eschew proceduralization and react flexibly to ‘crises’ and fine-grained changes in situational demands. In doing so, it discusses the role played by conscious control, reflection, and bodily awareness in maintaining performance proficiency. It suggests that skill maintenance and continuous improvement are underpinned by the use of both automated procedures (acknowledging that these are inherently active and flexible) and metacognitive knowledge. The chapter concludes by briefly considering how skill-focused attention needs to be applied in both training and performance contexts in order to facilitate continuous improvement.

scholarly journals An SDN-Based Connectivity Control System for Wi-Fi Devices

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duc-Thang Nguyen ◽  
Taehong Kim
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Connection Management ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Connectivity Information ◽  
Wireless Environment ◽  
Remote Services ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
And Performance ◽  
High Level

In recent years, the prevalence of Wi-Fi-enabled devices such as smartphones, smart appliances, and various sensors has increased. As most IoT devices lack a display or a keypad owing to their tiny size, it is difficult to set connectivity information such as service set identifier (SSID) and password without any help from external devices such as smartphones. Moreover, it is much more complex to apply advanced connectivity options such as SSID hiding, MAC ID filtering, and Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) to these devices. Thus, we need a new Wi-Fi network management system which not only facilitates client access operations but also provides a high-level authentication procedure. In this paper, we introduce a remote connectivity control system for Wi-Fi devices based on software-defined networking (SDN) in a wireless environment. The main contributions of the proposed system are twofold: (i) it enables network owner/administrator to manage and approve connection request from Wi-Fi devices through remote services, which is essential for easy connection management across diverse IoT devices; (ii) it also allows fine-grained access control at the device level through remote control. We describe the architecture of SDN-based remote connectivity control of Wi-Fi devices. While verifying the feasibility and performance of the proposed system, we discuss how the proposed system can benefit both service providers and users.

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