scholarly journals New geological data (Middle Triassic, Rhaetian-Liassic and Oligocene) of the Winterswijk quarry, the eastern Netherlands

2005 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 409-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.F.W. Herngreen ◽  
J.H.A. van Konijnenburg - van Cittert ◽  
H.W. Oosterink
Keyword(s):  
Middle Triassic ◽  
Geological Data ◽  
Small Interval ◽  
Marine Clay ◽  
Black Clay ◽  
Lower Oligocene ◽  
Clay Deposits ◽  
Shale Formation ◽  
First Time ◽  
Lower Muschelkalk

AbstractThe present publication deals with recent palynological results of a relatively small interval of Muschelkalk and exposures of the overlying clay deposits in the Winterswijk quarries. For the first time the Lower Muschelkalk Member in the Netherlands could be independently dated as Bithynian (Anisian, Middle Triassic). Contrary to widely accepted opinions the overlying almost black clay deposit is not Liassic but Rhaetian in age and it is assigned to the Sleen Shale Formation. This marginal marine clay which pinches out to the south, is in turn overlain by a light gray, full-marine Lower-Oligocene clay of the Rupel Formation. An anomalous occurrence of Liassic clay is now attributed to subrosion of Röt salt followed by collapse of the overlying Muschelkalk, Rhaetian and Lias strata.

scholarly journals Triple-Binder-Stabilized Marine Deposit Clay for Better Sustainability

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 4633
Author(s):  
Mohamad Hanafi ◽  
Abdullah Ekinci ◽  
Ertug Aydin
Keyword(s):  
Mass Loss ◽  
Embodied Energy ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Environmental Concerns ◽  
Marine Clay ◽  
The Third ◽  
Clay Deposits ◽  
Electron Microscopy Analysis ◽  
Microscopy Analysis ◽  
The Cost

Marine clay deposits are commonly found worldwide. Considering the cost of dumping and related environmental concerns, an alternative solution involving the reuse of soils that have poor conditions is crucial. In this research, the authors examined the strength, microstructure, and wet–dry resistance of triple-binder composites of marine-deposited clays and compiled a corresponding database. In order to evaluate the wetting–drying resistance of the laboratory-produced samples, the accumulated mass loss (ALM) was calculated. The use of slag alone as a binder, at any percentage, increased the ALM up to 2%. However, the use of lime as the third binder seemed to accelerate the chemical reactions associated with the hydration of clay and cementitious material and to enhance the chemical stability, i.e., specimens that included both lime and slag experienced the same ALM as specimens treated with cement only. Scanning electron microscopy analysis confirmed the durability improvements of these clays. The proposed unconfined compressive strength–porosity and accumulated mass loss relationship yielded practical approximation for the fine- and coarse-grained soils blended with up to three binders until 60 days of curing. The laboratory-produced mixes showed reduction of embodied energy and embodied carbon dioxide (eCO2) emissions for the proposed models.

scholarly journals Cranial anatomy and taxonomy of the erythrosuchid archosauriform ‘Vjushkovia triplicostata’ Huene, 1960, from the Early Triassic of European Russia

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 191289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Butler ◽  
Andrey G. Sennikov ◽  
Emma M. Dunne ◽  
Martin D. Ezcurra ◽  
Brandon P. Hedrick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Triassic ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Extensive Study ◽  
European Russia ◽  
Early Triassic ◽  
Apex Predators ◽  
Comprehensive Description ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
First Time ◽  
Globally Distributed

Erythrosuchidae are a globally distributed and important group of apex predators that occupied Early and Middle Triassic terrestrial ecosystems following the Permo-Triassic mass extinction. The stratigraphically oldest known genus of Erythrosuchidae is Garjainia Ochev, 1958, which is known from the late Early Triassic (late Olenekian) of European Russia and South Africa. Two species of Garjainia have been reported from Russia: the type species, Garjainia prima Ochev, 1958, and ‘ Vjushkovia triplicostata ’ von Huene, 1960, which has been referred to Garjainia as either congeneric ( Garjainia triplicostata ) or conspecific ( G. prima ). The holotype of G. prima has received relatively extensive study, but little work has been conducted on type or referred material attributed to ‘ V. triplicostata ’. However, this material includes well-preserved fossils representing all parts of the skeleton and comprises seven individuals. Here, we provide a comprehensive description and review of the cranial anatomy of material attributed to ‘ V. triplicostata ’, and draw comparisons with G. prima . We conclude that the two Russian taxa are indeed conspecific, and that minor differences between them result from a combination of preservation or intraspecific variation. Our reassessment therefore provides additional information on the cranial anatomy of G. prima . Moreover, we quantify relative head size in erythrosuchids and other early archosauromorphs in an explicit phylogenetic context for the first time. Our results show that erythrosuchids do indeed appear to have disproportionately large skulls, but that this is also true for other early archosauriforms (i.e. proterosuchids), and may reflect the invasion of hypercarnivorous niches by these groups following the Permo-Triassic extinction.

Upper Ordovician graptolites from the top Lower Hartfell Shale Formation (D. clingani and P. linearis zones) near Moffat, southern Scotland

1982 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 229-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Henry Williams
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
North America ◽  
Upper Ordovician ◽  
The North ◽  
Continuous Sequence ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Shale Formation ◽  
First Time

ABSTRACTThe top 9 m of Lower Hartfell Shale has been collected in 10 cm samples through a continuous sequence on the North Cliff at Dob's Linn. The boundary between the Dicranograptus clingani and Pleurograptus linearis zones is denned for the first time in a measured section, 5.0 m below the top of the Lower Hartfell Shale, with the excavation of the North Cliff proposed as stratotype. The late D. clingani Zone is characterised by Dicranograptus ramosus?, Dicellograptus moffatensis, D. flexuosus [= D. forchhammeri], Climacograptus dorotheus, Glyptograptus daviesi sp. nov., Diplograptus? pilatus sp. nov., Neurograptus margaritatus and Corynoides calicularis. The P. linearis Zone is characterised by Pleurograptus linearis linearis, Amphigraptus divergens divergens, Leptograptus capillaris, Dicellograptus elegans elegans, D. pumilis, D. carruthersi and Climacograptus tubuliferus. A range chart is provided and an attempt is made at a revised correlation of the Scottish succession with coeval zonal sequences in North America and Australia. Twenty-one taxa are described including the two new species noted above.

Arachnoxylon from the Middle Devonian of southwestern Virginia

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 1283-1299 ◽  
Author(s):  
William E. Stein Jr. ◽  
David C. Wight ◽  
Charles B. Beck
Keyword(s):  
Middle Devonian ◽  
Main Axis ◽  
Supplementary Information ◽  
Monotypic Genus ◽  
Primary Xylem ◽  
New Material ◽  
Shale Formation ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
A Minor ◽  
First Time

Eight specimens from the Middle Devonian Purcell Member of the Millboro Shale Formation in southwestern Virginia conform to a recent definition of the previously monotypic genus Arachnoxylon. The new material provides supplementary information on several tissue regions of the main axis, including evidence on variability in the structure of the protoxylem, and on departure of the large, or "major" traces. In addition, evidence is provided here for the first time on a discrete region, immediately adjacent to the primary xylem, containing probable conducting elements of the primary phloem, on the structure of the epidermis, and on the presence of multicellular superficial emergences. Although clearly assignable to Arachnoxylon, all but one of our specimens vary significantly from previous specimens in the genus in several features which may be interpreted as relating directly or indirectly to size. It is possible that all specimens in Arachnoxylon represent portions of a single kind of plant. However, organic connection between the large and small forms has not been demonstrated. We elect, therefore, to establish A. minor sp. n. for the smaller specimens.

A trilobite fauna from the highest Shineton Shales in Shropshire, and the correlation of the latest Tremadoc

1991 ◽  
Vol 128 (5) ◽  
pp. 437-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Fortey ◽  
R. M. Owens
Keyword(s):  
New Taxa ◽  
Type Species ◽  
British Isles ◽  
New Information ◽  
Shale Formation ◽  
First Time ◽  
Rich Fauna

AbstractA rich fauna dominated by trilobites and calcified chordates has been collected in Shropshire from the Arenaceous Beds, the highest member of the Tremadoc Shineton Shale Formation, and hitherto regarded as poorly fossiliferous. This fauna shows that shelf conditions persisted longer in Shropshire than has been supposed. It is likely that even younger Tremadoc is cut out at the unconformity below the Caradoc in the Shineton Inlier. The correlation of the later Tremadoc is reviewed, and the nomenclature of British Tremadoc biozones is revised. The trilobites described here are a mixture of previously known and new forms. The name Shumardia (Conophrys) salopiensis Callaway is revived for British material traditionally assigned to the Scandinavian species Shumardia pusilla (Sars), from which it is distinct. The new taxa Litagnostus meniscus sp.nov., Apatokephalus sarculum sp.nov. and Skljarella cracens sp.nov. are described. The type species of Asaphellus, A. homfrayi and Leptoplastides, L. salteri, are redescribed, and Geragnostus callavei, Pseudokainella impar, and Parapilekia sp. are recorded. New information on the ontogeny of S. (C.) salopiensis and A. homfrayi is given. Litagnostus and Skljarella are recorded from the British Isles for the first time.

Probable remains of jellyfish (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa) from the lower Middle Triassic (Anisian) of Winterswijk, eastern Netherlands

2013 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.W. Oosterink ◽  
H. Winkelhorst
Keyword(s):  
Middle Triassic ◽  
Lower Muschelkalk

AbstractDuring recent years, regular round structures have been collected from the top of Bed 12 of the Vossenveld Formation (Lower Muschelkalk, lower Middle Triassic, Anisian) in the Winterswijk area, eastern Netherlands. These are here illustrated and described as probable remains of jellyfish.

scholarly journals The Papua New Guinea tsunami of 17 July 1998: anatomy of a catastrophic event

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Tappin ◽  
P. Watts ◽  
S. T. Grilli
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Geological Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Comprehensive Data ◽  
International Programme ◽  
Submarine Slump ◽  
High Degree ◽  
First Time

Abstract. The Papua New Guinea (PNG) tsunami of July 1998 was a seminal event because it demonstrated that relatively small and relatively deepwater Submarine Mass Failures (SMFs) can cause devastating local tsunamis that strike without warning. There is a comprehensive data set that proves this event was caused by a submarine slump. Yet, the source of the tsunami has remained controversial. This controversy is attributed to several causes. Before the PNG event, it was questionable as to whether SMFs could cause devastating tsunamis. As a result, only limited modelling of SMFs as tsunami sources had been undertaken, and these excluded slumps. The results of these models were that SMFs in general were not considered to be a potential source of catastrophic tsunamis. To effectively model a SMF requires fairly detailed geological data, and these too had been lacking. In addition, qualitative data, such as evidence from survivors, tended to be disregarded in assessing alternative tsunami sources. The use of marine geological data to identify areas of recent submarine failure was not widely applied. The disastrous loss of life caused by the PNG tsunami resulted in a major investigation into the area offshore of the devastated coastline, with five marine expeditions taking place. This was the first time that a focussed, large-scale, international programme of marine surveying had taken place so soon after a major tsunami. It was also the first time that such a comprehensive data set became the basis for tsunami simulations. The use of marine mapping subsequently led to a larger involvement of marine geologists in the study of tsunamis, expanding the knowledge base of those studying the threat from SMF hazards. This paper provides an overview of the PNG tsunami and its impact on tsunami science. It presents revised interpretations of the slump architecture based on new seabed relief images and, using these, the most comprehensive tsunami simulation of the PNG event to date. Simulation results explain the measured runups to a high degree. The PNG tsunami has made a major impact on tsunami science. It is one of the most studied SMF tsunamis, yet it remains the only one known of its type: a slump.

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