The Unity Of The Aramaic Acts

1918 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 322-335
Author(s):  
William Jerome Wilson
Keyword(s):  
New Testament ◽  
Present Writer ◽  
Common People ◽  
Interesting Contribution ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Common ◽  
Book Of Acts

The most interesting contribution to New Testament criticism in recent times has come from a scholar in another field. Professor Torrey, a student of Semitics and particularly of the Aramaic, the language of the common people in Palestine before and after the Christian era, has propounded a new theory regarding the Book of Acts. Chapters 1 1b —15 35 are thought by him to have comprised an Aramaic book written about 49 or 50 A.D., which Luke later procured in Palestine and translated as faithfully as he was able, at the same time adding the remaining chapters himself in Greek on the basis of his own knowledge and investigation. The two parts of the book are accordingly designated I and II Acts, respectively. The evidence for the hypothesis is primarily linguistic. A striking series of Aramaisms and of mistranslations which can be plausibly corrected on the basis of the Aramaic, is found in I Acts, while in II Acts the reflections of Aramaic idiom are rare and instances of mistranslation are wholly lacking. The literature of the subject is not yet large, but a careful résumé and discussion of the new theory has appeared from the pen of Professor Foakes-Jackson. Since he questions the validity of Professor Torrey's more important deductions—conclusions whose correctness had been accepted almost without qualification by the present writer—a further consideration of their claims to credence may be permissible.

The Johannine ‘Jews’: A Critical Survey

1982 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Urban C. Von Wahlde
Keyword(s):  
New Testament ◽  
Fourth Gospel ◽  
Critical Survey ◽  
Common People ◽  
The Common ◽  
Scholarly Attention

The use of Ioudaioi in the Fourth Gospel (hereafter, FG) has attracted much scholarly attention. It is a consistent conclusion of such investigation that the term Ioudaioi in the gospel has a variety of meanings. It is also noted and generally agreed upon that one of the ways in which the term is used is unique to John among New Testament authors and indeed among ancient authors in general; it is this unique usage of Ioudaioi which has been the focus of the investigation. However if we look only at this peculiarly Johannine use of Ioudaioi we find that scholars have disagreed both about which texts within the gospel constitute this usage and also about the identity of the persons referred to by the term. Some authors have seen this usage as referring to the entire Jewish nation composed of both the common people and the narrower circle of religious authorities. Other scholars have considered the term to refer exclusively to religious authorities.

The Significance of the Ascension of Jesus Christ in the New Testament

1977 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 555-568
Author(s):  
B. K. Donne
Keyword(s):  
New Testament ◽  
Jesus Christ ◽  
Present Writer ◽  
The Third ◽  
German Scholar ◽  
Contemporary Christian ◽  
The New Testament ◽  
The Subject ◽  
To Come ◽  
Ascent To Heaven

The theme of the Ascension of Jesus Christ is one of the most JL important in the New Testament, yet during the present century, very little theological attention has been given to it. Most of the published work has been in the form of articles in theological journals and commentaries, though J. G. Davies' Bampton Lectures entitled He Ascended into Heaven, published in 1958, were devoted to the subject, and later, there appeared, also in English, U. Simon's The Ascent to Heaven in 1961. Even H. B. Swete's The Ascended Christ, which first appeared in 1910 and was subsequently published in several editions until 1916, expresses the hope that the work might awaken a response to a renewed sense of the importance of this great Christian festival. His earlier writing, The Apostles' Creed in 1894, contains a chapter on the Ascension which was a spirited reply to the German scholar Harnack, who asserted that the Ascension had no separate place in the primitive tradition, and whose views considerably influenced the thought of New Testament scholarship for many years to come. This article seeks to make an assessment of what the present writer considers to be a subject of the utmost importance, both in regard to its theological significance in the New Testament, and in its relevance for contemporary Christian experience. The Scriptures declare that Jesus of Nazareth was crucified, buried, and raised again the third day.

Some ‘Western’ Variants in the Text of Acts

1928 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-145
Author(s):  
Benjamin W. Bacon
Keyword(s):  
New Testament ◽  
Present Writer ◽  
Higher Criticism ◽  
Outstanding Problem ◽  
Present Essay ◽  
The Common

In his article published in the issues of the American Journal of Theology for January and April 1919 (Vol. XXIII), under the title ‘Fact and Fancy in Theories Concerning Acts,’ my respected colleague Professor Charles C. Torrey appears to resent my characterization as “philological” of the type of criticism displayed in his able articles. The term, however, bears no disparaging connotation, and was not so intended. It was, and will be, employed by the present writer simply to distinguish a particular mode of approach to this outstanding problem of New Testament criticism. The mode chosen by Torrey to the exclusion of all others is ‘philological,’ as distinguished from the mode exemplified in the ‘historical’ (or, as Torrey prefers to call it, the “theologico-conjectural”) type represented by such scholars as Harnack, Schürer, Windisch, Preuschen, Loisy, and others. The present reply to his strictures has been long delayed, awaiting Ropes's “Text of Acts” in Volume III of “The Beginnings of Christianity,” in which the long-debated question of the ‘Western’ Text is discussed with what may be hoped to be advance toward its settlement, If in the present essay the type of criticism which Torrey brings to the common problem is still designated ‘philological,’ it must be understood that the term implies no minimizing of Torrey's great attainments in the fields both of textual and higher criticism.

Anti-Imperial Rhetoric in the New Testament

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judy Diehl
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
New Testament ◽  
First Century ◽  
Christian Communities ◽  
Biblical Scholarship ◽  
Interpretive Methods ◽  
The New Testament ◽  
The Common ◽  
Book Of Acts ◽  
Common Era

The first of a series of three articles, this essay introduces current scholarship concerned with the use of anti-imperial rhetoric in the New Testament Gospels and the book of Acts. In the first century of the Common Era, if the powerful Roman Emperor was considered a god, what did that mean for the earliest Christians who committed loyalty to ‘another’ God? Was it necessary for the NT authors to employ subversive language, words and symbols, to conceal their true meanings from the imperial authorities in their communications to the first Christian communities? The answers to such key questions can give us a clearer picture of the culture, society and setting in which the NT was written. The purpose of this complex study is to observe how current biblical scholarship views anti-imperial rhetoric and anti-emperor implications found in the NT, assuming such rhetoric exists at all. This initial article reviews recent scholarship with respect to the background of the Roman Empire, current interpretive methods and research concerning anti-imperial rhetoric found in the NT Gospels and Acts.

scholarly journals Kewenangan Lembaga Pengkajian Pangan, Obat-obatan, dan Kosmetika - Majelis Ulama Indonesia Pasca Berlakunya UU No. 33 tahun 2014 Tentang Jaminan Produk Halal

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-196
Author(s):  
Ade Septiawan ◽  
Ahmad Mukri Aji
Keyword(s):  
Food Products ◽  
Muslim Community ◽  
Common People ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Halal Food ◽  
The Common ◽  
Harmful Substances

Abstract: This study aims to determine the authority of LPPOM in establishing halal products after the enactment of Law no. 33 Year 2014. Based on the research results, it is concluded that there has been a change of authority of LPPOM MUI before and after the coming into effect of Law no. 33 year 2014. For 23 years since its establishment, LPPOM MUI has full authority over the establishment of halal certification, but post-birth and enactment of Law no. 33 of 2014, it no longer has full rights to the expenditure and certification of the guarantee of halal products, but only as partners. The need for halal certification or halal label is very needed in Indonesia. Especially the common people and especially the Muslim community in Indonesia, because with the availability of guaranteed halal food products, at least Muslim consumers no longer worry about the existence of a mixture of materials containing harmful substances are prohibited, both legally and religiously.Keywords: Authority, LPPOM MUI, and halal certification. Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui wewenang LPPOM dalam penetapan produk halal pasca berlakunya UU No.33 Tahun 2014.Berdasakan hasil penelitian maka diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa terjadi perubahan wewenang LPPOM MUI sebelum dan sesudah berlakunya UU No.33 Tahun 2014. Selama 23 tahunsemenjak berdirinya, LPPOM MUI berwenang penuh atas penetapan sertifikasi halal, namun pasca lahir dan berlakunya Undang-Undang No.33 Tahun 2014, ia tidak lagi memiliki hak penuh atas pengeluaran dan penetapan sertifikasi jaminan produk halal, melainkan hanya sebagai mitra. Kebutuhan sertifikasi halal atau label halal memang sangat dibutuhkan di Indonesia. Terlebih masyarakat awam dan khususnya masyarakat muslim di Indonesia, karena dengan tersedianya jaminan produk makanan halal, setidaknya konsumen muslim tidak lagi khawatir akan adanya campuran bahan-bahan yang mengandung zat berbahaya yang dilarang, baik secara hukum negara maupun agama. Kata kunci:Kewenangan, LPPOM MUI, dan sertifikasi halal.

THE PROMULGATION OF LAW IN QIN AND WESTERN HAN CHINA

Early China ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Li Jingrong ◽  
Chen Songchang
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Common People ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Past Action ◽  
Ex Post Facto ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Common ◽  
Local Courts ◽  
And Function

Abstract This article studies the promulgation of law in Qin and Western Han China (221 b.c.e.–9 c.e.) based primarily on excavated legal and administrative texts. It shows that a new law was handed down from the emperor to the relevant offices on the day of enactment. The article argues that, to an extent, the subject matter and function of a law determined for whom it was passed and promulgated. Depending upon the location, rank, and official duties of the offices, the laws known and used could be quite different. Although it was required that documents of imperial decisions be forwarded swiftly and safely by courier at the prescribed speed, delays in forwarding such documents to distant local offices were probably common in Qin and Western Han China. Evidence indicates that district- and prefecture-level officials publicized laws that needed to be made known by the common people, by reading them aloud in local gatherings, for example, or posting them in conspicuous places. The article further argues that a law came into effect in offices on the day it arrived at local courts or on the day it was enacted in the central court, depending on the existence of related extant laws. It concludes that a new law in Qin and Western Han China was ex post facto, as it reached backwards to a past action and retroactively attached liabilities to the action at the point when it was performed.

scholarly journals IX. An Account of a Distemper, by the common People in England vulgarly called the MUMPS

1790 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Epidemic Disease ◽  
Common People ◽  
General Account ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Common

The mumps, or what I beg leave to call angina maxillaris, is an epidemic disease of a very singular nature. It has appeared sometimes to be pretty general; but this has not been the case for many years in this place. It seems to be analogous to, if not the same distemper with that called the branks, by the common people in Scotland. In the general account of epidemics, in the first volume of the Medical Essays of Edinburgh, a disorder is mentioned which seems to have been a flight degree of that which is the subject of the following paper. I have had much practice in this disease, and indeed was once reduced to the utmost danger by it myself.

Coins and the New Testament: From Ancient Palestine to the Modern Pulpit

2009 ◽  
Vol 106 (3) ◽  
pp. 467-489
Author(s):  
Lawrence E. McKinney
Keyword(s):  
Religious Education ◽  
New Testament ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Cultural Milieu ◽  
Relative Dating ◽  
Roman Provinces ◽  
The New Testament ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Era

Ancient coins are ubiquitous items used by archaeologists, along with several types of artifacts, for purposes of relative dating when excavating at ancient sites. Furthermore, coins play an important role in gaining a better understanding the cultural milieu of the first centuries of the Common Era, the period into which events and writing of the New Testament fit. Some archaeologists are also numismatists, that is, specialists in ancient coins. In writing this article the author has drawn upon his own years of work as a field archaeologist and numismatist in Israel. This survey introduces the reader to the subject of ancient Roman Imperial coins, Roman Provincial coins and coins minted in ancient Palestine specifically for use by the Jewish populace. Examples of the importance of the coins as both official, and unofficial, propaganda (as is the case with Jewish coins of the First Revolt of the Jews against Rome, 66–70 CE) are discussed. There is an analysis of the coins that circulated in Palestine and the eastern Roman provinces into which early Christianity spread. Special attention is given to those coins specifically mentioned in the New Testament. Ethical issues concerning the removal of coins from ancient sites and the collecting of them by individuals are also introduced. Finally, possibilities for presenting numismatic information via the pulpit and religious education are addressed. To this end the reader will find some resources for starting out in the field of ancient and Biblical numismatics, and creatively applying that information for the edification of others.

scholarly journals The Pure and Powerful

1999 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-150
Author(s):  
Heba Raouf Ezzat
Keyword(s):  
Political Movements ◽  
Common People ◽  
Beliefs And Practices ◽  
Islamic Tradition ◽  
The People ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Islamic Resurgence ◽  
The Common ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

While most of the literature on Islam over the past two decades has concentratedon the issue of Islamic resurgence, focusing mainly on the nature andworkings of political movements and militant Islamic groups, this book examinesinstead the beliefs and practices of ordinary Muslim, exploring an intricateweb of social relationships involving the 'ulama, government, Islamic institutions,Sufis, and the people Jiving in the rural and city areas of the country.The analysis demonstrates how in order to further our understanding ofMuslim society, we must gather fieldwork data on the relationship of the commonperson's Islamic practices to those of the Islamic tradition and apply therelevant analytical concepts to examine them. It further challenges the existingethnography of Muslim society which is not only based mainly on limitedempirical data but also conceals issues worthy of study and is, moreover, fullof assumptions oversimplifying the nature of the complex social relationshipsinvolved. For instance, anthropology implicitly assumes that the "native" is anaive and ignorant person who, as a corollary of this, is ignorant of his ownreligion. The consequence of this supposition has been that anthropologistswho have written on the subject have not found it necessary to examine howthe Islamic practices of the common people have been related to the Islamictradition.It was also often assumed that the Islamic knowledge of the 'ulama, and theirstatus as the learned ones, somehow separated them from the lives of the commonpeople. Only recently have researchers started studying the effect of theirfa tawa on society and people, little work having been done before on their livesand influence. This work refutes the assumption that the Islamic text is outsidesociety and that the 'ulama are an entity separate from the people.The author re-examines the view that different societies contain differentversions of Islam and points out that this type of thinking does not of itselfadvance our knowledge of the subject, nor does it offer a viable criteria for ...

scholarly journals French proper nouns in the Czech press of the XVIIIth century

XLinguae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 65-76
Author(s):  
Zdenka Schejbalova
Keyword(s):  
French Revolution ◽  
Place Names ◽  
Vowel Length ◽  
Common People ◽  
Proper Nouns ◽  
Phonetic Transcription ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Common

Václav Matěj Kramerius (1753-1808) was a Czech publisher, writer, playwright and journalist, founder of modern Czech journalism. His newspaper, named Krameriusovy c. k. vlastenecké noviny (Kramerius' ImperialRoyal Patriotic Newspaper), published since 1789, focused mainly on enlightenment of the common people, on national emancipation. Their main sections included official notices, announcements, foreign and domestic news, literature and theater news. One of the most important news were reports of revolutionary events in France at the end of the XVIIIth century (Great French Revolution). The subject of this article is an analysis of the transcription method of French proper nouns in this Czech newspaper published by Kramerius. In order to simplify the reading of foreign names and place names, Kramerius tried to approximate their pronunciation as much as possible using the spelling system of the Czech language of his time. He used different ways such as phonetic transcription using Czech letters, changing or omitting French diacritics, using Czech diacritics (e.g., vowel length), changing the order of letters, omitting letters. Some proper nouns remain indeclinable, others are declinated according to their classification into declination types. Kramer's transcription also informs us about the pronunciation of French at that time, e.g., soft l /λ/ is still in use, /wɛ/ is already pronounced as /wa/. Kramerius' newspaper is not only an important historical testimony of its time, but also provides valuable insights into the development of the Czech language.

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