THE PROMULGATION OF LAW IN QIN AND WESTERN HAN CHINA

Early China ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Li Jingrong ◽  
Chen Songchang
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Common People ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Past Action ◽  
Ex Post Facto ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Common ◽  
Local Courts ◽  
And Function

Abstract This article studies the promulgation of law in Qin and Western Han China (221 b.c.e.–9 c.e.) based primarily on excavated legal and administrative texts. It shows that a new law was handed down from the emperor to the relevant offices on the day of enactment. The article argues that, to an extent, the subject matter and function of a law determined for whom it was passed and promulgated. Depending upon the location, rank, and official duties of the offices, the laws known and used could be quite different. Although it was required that documents of imperial decisions be forwarded swiftly and safely by courier at the prescribed speed, delays in forwarding such documents to distant local offices were probably common in Qin and Western Han China. Evidence indicates that district- and prefecture-level officials publicized laws that needed to be made known by the common people, by reading them aloud in local gatherings, for example, or posting them in conspicuous places. The article further argues that a law came into effect in offices on the day it arrived at local courts or on the day it was enacted in the central court, depending on the existence of related extant laws. It concludes that a new law in Qin and Western Han China was ex post facto, as it reached backwards to a past action and retroactively attached liabilities to the action at the point when it was performed.

The Trade Mark, Other Product Designations, and Goodwill

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justine Pila
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Trade Mark ◽  
Geographical Indication ◽  
Passing Off ◽  
Rights Protection ◽  
Essential Properties ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter considers the meaning of the terms that appropriately denote the subject matter protectable by registered trade mark and allied rights, including the common law action of passing off. Drawing on the earlier analyses of the objects protectable by patent and copyright, it defines the trade mark, designation of origin, and geographical indication in their current European and UK conception as hybrid inventions/works in the form of purpose-limited expressive objects. It also considers the relationship between the different requirements for trade mark and allied rights protection, and related principles of entitlement. In its conclusion, the legal understandings of trade mark and allied rights subject matter are presented as answers to the questions identified in Chapter 3 concerning the categories and essential properties of the subject matter in question, their method of individuation, and the relationship between and method of establishing their and their tokens’ existence.

scholarly journals The Artistry and Creative Process in the Making of Malang Masks in East Java | Kesenian dan Proses Kreatif dalam Penciptaan Topeng Malang di Jawa Timur

SPAFA Journal ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guntur [n/a]
Keyword(s):  
Creative Process ◽  
Cultural Background ◽  
Qualitative Description ◽  
Facial Appearance ◽  
Unique Form ◽  
Common People ◽  
The Common ◽  
Visual Characteristics ◽  
Unique Style ◽  
And Function

The creative process in Malang mask making has a strong tradition of creation which has produced a unique form. The Malang mask art has been popularized based on the Panji story. Despite being properties of an art performance, the masks are works of art. The visual characteristics of the faces and their carved ornaments are the main elements that determine the typology of the mask’s facial appearance. The characteristics of form, color, expression, and function create a unique style or identity of the group of traditional mask artists in Malang. Masks can be classified according to four general types of character: the figure of Panji, antagonistic characters, servants, and animals. In terms of the traditionality of creation, including aspects of material, technique, and function in the community of craftsmen, the style of the masks refers to previously existing forms. This essay is a qualitative description of the artistry of Malang masks, through the formation of the Panji story – based on kidung as indigenous stories in the practice of adaptive Hinduism – and leaning on a dichotomy with the Kakawin form. Malang masks are used by the wayang topeng community in art performances to present the narration of the Panji story – against the spiritual cultural background of the common people. Process kreatif dalam pembuatan topeng Malang memiliki tradisi penciptaan yang kuat, dan telah menghasilkan bentuk yang khas. Topeng Malang dipopulerkan berdasarkan kisah Panji. Meskipun menjadi properti seni pertunjukan, topeng adalah karya seni. Karakteristik visual wajah dan ornamen ukir merupakan elemen utama yang membentuk tipologi perwajahan topeng. Karakteristik pada bentuk, warna, ekspresi, serta fungsi, menghasilkan gaya atau identitas unik dari kelompok seniman topeng tradisional di Malang. Klasifikasi topeng ada pada empat tipologi umum karakter tokoh: sosok Panji, tokoh antagonis, tokoh abdi, dan tokoh binatang. Dari sisi tradisionalitas penciptaan, yaitu aspek materialitas, teknik, dan fungsinya di komunitas perajin, gaya topeng mengacu kepada bentuk topeng yang ada sebelumnya. Esai ini mendeskripsikan secara kualitatif perwujudan artistik topeng Malang, melalui formasi kisah Panji - berdasarkan kidung sebagai cerita asli dalam praktek Hinduisme adaptif - dan bersandar pada dikotomi dengan bentuk Kakawin. Topeng Malang digunakan oleh masyarakat topeng wayang dalam pertunjukan seni untuk menampilkan narasi kisah Panji - dengan latar belakang kultural spiritual orang biasa.

Between Guess Work and Certainty in Psychiatry

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1958 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 949-949
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Scientific Method ◽  
Individual Animal ◽  
Fundamental Distinction ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Rational Inquiry

"The safeguards contained in the scientific method are repugnant to some who devote themselves to psychotherapy, and their argument against it always harks back to the uniqueness of the individual." The author points out that this is an obscurantist argument and it does not follow that because an individual is a unique reality, he cannot be compared with anyone else. On this basis there would be no science of zoology as every individual animal is also a unique reality, but this has not been an obstacle to comparison and collective study in this science. The argument is reminiscent of claims prevalent during the controversies about evolution when the opponents asserted that man was an improper subject for comparitive study because of his fundamental distinction from all other creatures. Only insofar as the common denominators between individuals can be ascertained may the subject matter of psychiatry become the object of scientific and rational inquiry and without this it could not be taught. We would be in the position of having to accept the pronouncements of supposedly singularly gifted individuals on faith, and continuity in the field would presumably depend entirely upon apprenticeship.

ʿAbd Allāh ibn al-Zubayr and the Mahdī: Between propaganda and historical memory in the Second Civil War

2017 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdy Shaddel
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Lost Cause ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Ex Post Facto ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Prophetic Tradition ◽  
Scholarly Attention

AbstractThe subject of the present paper is a prophetic tradition found in some compendia of eschatologicalaḥādīthwhich has received considerable scholarly attention since Wilferd Madelung dedicated an article to it in 1981. Whereas Madelung shares the opinion of earlier scholars that only some of the incidents “prophesied” by this tradition are historical, this study aims to show that it is a whollyex post factocomposition which, in its various strata, remarkably captures episodes from the Zubayrid war of propaganda against their rivals as well as their later attempts to redeem the memory of their lost cause as a just one. The discussion closes by producing a highly singular Syrian tradition most certainly put into circulation with the intent of countering these Zubayrid propaganda efforts.

scholarly journals Profil Tingkat Penguasaan Keterampilan Dasar Mengajar Mahasiswa Pendidikan Matematika Universitas Pasir Pengaraian

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hera Deswita
Keyword(s):  
Classroom Management ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Teaching Skill ◽  
Study Program ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Good Ability ◽  
Ex Post Facto ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Opening And Closing

Salah satu modal menjadi guru yang profesional adalah menguasai keterampilan dasar mengajar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat penguasan keterampilan dasar mengajar mahasiswa pendidikan matematika Universitas pasir pengaraian pada praktek micro teaching. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kuantitatif dengan pendekatan ex post facto yaitu mengungkapkan fakta yang terjadi tanpa ada manipulasi variabel atau menciptakan kondisi tertentu. Subjek penelitian adalah mahasiswa program studi pendidikan matematika yang mengambil mata kuliah micro teaching pada tahun akademik 2015/2016 sebanyak 23 orang. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan metode dokumentasi dan observasi. Instrument penelitian adalah angket yang telah divalidasi oleh pakar yaitu dosen pengampu micro teaching. Analisis data menggunakan teknik deskriptif untuk menggambarkan tingkat penguasaan keterampilan dasar mengajar mahasiswa berdasarkan tabel kecenderungan dengan kriteria yang telah ditentukan. Melalui Penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa keterampilan membimbing diskusi berada pada kategori sangat terampil. Keterampilan menjelaskan, keterampilan bertanya, keterampilan memberi penguatan dan keterampilan membuat variasi dalam pembelajaran berada pada kategori terampil. Keterampilan mengelola kelas berada pada kategori cukup terampil sedangkan keterampilan membuka dan menutup pembelajaran termasuk ke dalam kriteria tidak terampil. Kata Kunci: keterampilan dasar mengajar, micro teaching, ex post facto One of basic skills to be a professional teacher is how to be a master in basic teaching skill. This research aimed to have valid information about basic teaching skill of Educational Mathematics Study Program at University of Pasir Pengaraian by practicing it in micro teaching subject. This is description quantitative research by using ex post facto method that revelaled the fact in the field without any manipulation of variable or making a good condition. The subject of this research is the student of Educational Mathematics Study Program who took a micro teaching subject in academic years 2015/2016 those were 23 sudents. The data were collected by documentation and observation. The instrument of research is questionnaire which was validated by expert of micro teachings. The data were analized by description technique that can describe level basic of teaching skill of the students that can be seen in willingness table that has been decided. The result of this research concluced that guiding discussion skill was at exellence category, the explaning skill, question skill, reinforcement skill and make the variation stimulus skill were all in good ability category. Classroom management skill was categorized low ability. The opening and closing class skills were catgeorized poor ability. Keywords: basic teaching skill, micro teaching

scholarly journals RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ATTITUDES LEARNING AND ACHIEVEMENT OF INTEREST LEARNING WITH LEARNING THE BASICS OF COST OF DISCUSSION AUTOMOTIVE AUTOMOTIVE DEPARTMENT OF CLASS X SMK PIRI SLEMAN EVEN SEMESTER OF STUDY 2013/2014

TAMAN VOKASI ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deril Gusa Wijaya ◽  
Isis Rachmadi
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Learning Achievement ◽  
School Year ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Ex Post Facto ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Year 2013

The purpose of the study is (1) determine whether there is a relationship between attitude and academic achievement of learning the basics of the subject of automotive grade students majoring in automotive x semester SMK PIRI SLEMAN; (2) to determine whether there is a relationship between interest in learning the subject learning achievement basics of automotive grade students majoring in automotive x SMK PIRI SLEMAN semester; (3) the attitude of learning and interest in learning the subject learning achievement basics of automotive grade students majoring in automotive x SMK PIRI SLEMAN second semester of the school year 2013/2014.       The research hypothesis (1) There is a positive and significant relationship between attitude and academic achievement of learning the basics of the subject of automotive grade students majoring in automotive x SMK PIRI SLEMAN semester; (2) There is a positive and significant relationship between interest in learning the subject learning achievement basics of automotive grade students majoring in automotive x SMK PIRI SLEMAN semester; (3) There is a positive and significant relationship between learning attitude and interest in learning the subject learning achievement basics of automotive grade students majoring in automotive x SMK PIRI SLEMAN second semester of the school year 2013/2014.       This research was conducted at SMK PIRI SLEMAN the second semester of academic year 2013/2014 population in this study were all students of class X automotive majors are numbered 105 students and this study using simple random sampling with Isaac and Michael computation techniques to obtain 2 as a sample. This research is correlational and ex post facto categorized. Data collection techniques with a questionnaire and a test of learning achievement. The validity of the items obtained from the product moment correlation. About the reliability obtained with the formula stated alpha and reliable. Before the data were analyzed first tested the prerequisite analysis of the normality test, linearity, and multicollinearity test. Analysis using partial correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis.Based on the analysis of the results obtained the following results: (1) There is a positive and significant relationship between the attitude of Learning (X1) with Achievement Automotive Basics (Y); (2) There is a positive and significant relationship between Interests Learning (X2) with Achievement Automotive Basics (Y); (3) There is a positive and significant relationship Attitude Study (X1) and Interest in Learning (X2) with Achievement Automotive Basics (Y).

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF READING HABIT ON STUDENTS’ WRITING SKILL

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Endar Rachmawaty Linuwih
Keyword(s):  
Reading Habit ◽  
Efl Learners ◽  
Writing Test ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Writing Skill ◽  
Ex Post Facto ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Ex Post Facto Study

This research aims to investigate the reading habit quality of EFL learners at Widya Kartika University, Surabaya and to find out the influence of reading habit towards students’ writing skill. This is a quantitative ex-post facto study since it examines how the independent variable (reading habit) that has existed affects the dependent variable (writing skill) and the result is in the form of numbers. Sixty two students of Widya Kartika University were selected as the subject of this study. The instruments used in this study were (1) a reading habit questionnaire, to measure the quality of students’ reading habit and (2) a writing test, to examine the students’ writing skill and how it is influenced by reading habit. The results showed that the students’ reading habit quality was fair. Meanwhile, the analysis of Simple Linear Regression concluded that reading habit influences students’ writing skill.  Moreover, one of the writing components that was mostly influenced by the reading habit was the content.

scholarly journals A Critical Analytic Discussion of Massive Curriculum Pedagogy Comparable to Holly Books-Towards ICTs Strategies

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 449
Author(s):  
M. Ziad Hamdan
Keyword(s):  
Research Problem ◽  
Teaching Methodology ◽  
Developmental Approach ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Global Age ◽  
Ex Post Facto ◽  
Pragmatic Principle ◽  
The Common ◽  
Large Groups ◽  
Common Era

Massive curriculum pedagogies (MCPs) represent an everlasting methodological problem of schooling throughout the Common. Era. Descriptive causal-comparative/ ex-post facto research techniques and Action Developmental Approach were used to objectively comprehend the problem's realities, trace the cause-effect relations between MCPs' factors, and build effective solutions to the MCPs’ research problem. The semantic logical reasoning of results showed strong linkages among the MCPs, the Holly Books' (H.B.s) teaching and the Factory Educational Model 1800+ in sharing extensive large groups learning and instruction. Even curriculum pedagogies took from H.Bs the compulsory learning besides the massive teaching methodology. What is disturbing here is these negative pedagogies are against the welfare of learners in the Info Global Age and the wide diversity of ICTs’ sources available to schooling. Learners have by nature no identical aptitudes, priority knowledge needs, thinking and achievement speeds, timelines, and live spaces for learning and schooling. Considering the research results and the pragmatic principle of ‘nothing can respond to diversity except diversity’, the Author offered a countering strategy (“Schools without Flunking”) merited with personalized, ICTs’ based, and collaborative peers, enabling 97% of learners to achieve the studied "blend-digit" curricula.

scholarly journals Mitologizmy frazeologiczne w najnowszych ujęciach lingwistycznych

2021 ◽  
pp. 150-161
Author(s):  
Magdalena Puda-Blokesz ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Common Denominator ◽  
Greco Roman ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Common ◽  
Linguistic Approaches ◽  
Cultural Linguistics

Mythology-based phraseological expressions in the latest linguistic approaches Summary The present study represents an overview and a synthesis of the latest linguistic findings regarding phraseology with provenance in (Greco-Roman) mythology. The text refers to the most recent works, mostly published after 2000, which explore – solely or largely – mythology-based phraseological expressions. The issue of defining this term is discussed, its content and the breadth of its meaning are delineated, various classification and description criteria for such expressions are pointed out. The research standpoints put forward in the studies discussed may be described as having a comparative, etymological, statistical-theoretical, didactic, discursive-material or lexicographic inclination. By virtue of the subject matter along with its cultural and identity-related importance, the common denominator of the viewpoints presented is the domain of cultural linguistics.

scholarly journals Influence of Spiritual Characteristics of Intelligence, Emotional Intelligence And Personality Type Towards The Attitude of The Post-Transformation of Stain Jurai Siwo Metro Become Iain Metro

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-190
Author(s):  
Buyung Syukron ◽  
Dwi Vita Lestari Soehardi
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Hypothesis Test ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Numerical Data ◽  
Transformation Process ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Ex Post Facto ◽  
And Function

One of the important dimensions and aspects that are the key to addressing the needs of the role and function of democracy is to seek change or transformation of forms, systems and institutional structures. The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of the respondent (lecturer) which correlated with the type of Spiritual Intelligence, Emotional Intelligence and the type of personality possessed by perceptual lecturers in the transformation process of STAIN Jurai Siwo Metro into IAIN Metro. This type of research is quantitative. The nature of the research emphasizes numerical data (numbers) processed by statistical methods. While the research approach is carried out by describing the ex post facto. For data processing techniques using validity and reliability tests using the product-moment formula. The data analysis used in this research is the univariate analysis test, multivariate analysis test, classical assumption test, hypothesis test, and direct and indirect effect test. The results showed that the attitude of the lecturers influenced the transformation of STAIN Jurai Siwo Metro into IAIN Metro. The attitude of the lecturer towards the post-transformation process of STAIN Jurai Siwo Metro into IAIN Metro is a conflicting dysfunctional behaviour, covering several interconnected aspects, namely cognitive, affection, and behaviour which are influenced by various factors.

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