Christian Heresy and Jewish Polemic in the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries

1975 ◽  
Vol 68 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 287-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Berger
Keyword(s):  
Jewish Community ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
The Status ◽  
Jewish Liturgy ◽  
The Middle Ages

The suggestion that there was meaningful contact between Christian heretics and Jews during the middle ages is entirely plausible, quite significant, and generally unproved. That the existence of heresy had some impact upon the status of medieval Jews is, of course, beyond question. Inquisitorial proceedings aimed at heretics affected not only crypto-Jews (whether real or alleged) but members of the established Jewish community as well. Jews were accused of harboring heretics, encouraging them, and even of leading orthodox Christians into heresy. On several important occasions, procedures usually directed against heretical works were turned against the Talmud, the works of Maimonides, and certain sections of the Jewish liturgy. By the end of the middle ages, Jews were very well aware of the Church's lack of affection for heretics.

Conclusion

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian D. Liddy
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Political Thought ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Urban Citizenship ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Middle Ages

This chapter underlines the deep continuities in urban political thought between the thirteenth and sixteenth centuries. It emphasizes the status of English towns as relatively autonomous, self-governing entities, and places them within a continental urban landscape. While debate about citizenship was persistent, it was at its most intense between the later fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries. The reasons lay primarily in the changed economic conditions of English towns. Civic elites tried to redefine citizenship. However, citizens spoke back, and they did so aggressively. Town officials helped to provoke the very antagonism that they feared. Urban citizenship remained the battleground of town politics at the end of the Middle Ages, and beyond.

scholarly journals The status of chanting codices in the Serbian chant tradition

Muzikologija ◽  
2011 ◽  
pp. 39-52
Author(s):  
Vesna Peno
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Objective Evaluation ◽  
The Status ◽  
Liturgical Practice ◽  
Musical Literacy ◽  
The Middle Ages

The status of chanting codices, which is directly associated with the phenomenon of musical literacy, is examined in this paper by means of the examples of a few scarce neumed manuscripts that represent a primary source for the reconstruction of the Serbian music past. The following reasons have been stated in the Serbian musicological literature as an explanation for the lack of a larger number of preserved neumed books: 1) melodies were transmitted orally, 2) an intensive liturgical practice, in which chanting had a primary place and 3) historical circumstances due to which manuscripts were exposed to decay. For the sake of an objective evaluation of the probable level of chanting skill in the Middle ages in Serbia, the aforementioned reasons have been reconsidered and revised.

Jewish Liturgical Memory and the Non-Jew

2012 ◽  
pp. 167-186
Author(s):  
Ruth Langer
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Jewish Identity ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Biblical Narratives ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
Religious Other ◽  
Jewish Liturgy ◽  
The Temple ◽  
The Middle Ages

This chapter examines the power and construction of Jewish memory as well as the image of the religious Other in Jewish liturgy, which has been so heavily conditioned by adversarial biblical narratives and the experience of historical persecution. In the memory shaped by Jewish liturgy — be it the daily Amidah, the High Holiday prayers, Passover and Purim texts, or the Ninth of Av piyutim (liturgical poems) memorializing the destruction of the Temple, the tragedies of the Middle Ages, and the Holocaust — the religious or political Other is portrayed as almost universally negative. The non-Jew — usually considered in the impersonal abstract, rather than the particular other — is a threat to Jewish uniqueness. It disrupts God's covenantal plan for Israel. The chapter then looks at the ongoing tension between making historical memory part of Jewish identity and an openness to allowing history to unfold into a future that may move beyond tragedy.

English Books of Martyrs and Saints of the Late Sixteenth and Early Seventeenth Centuries

1994 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. T. Rhodes
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
The Status ◽  
Special Case ◽  
The Middle Ages

Martyrs were the first saints and some were among the most popular saints of the Middle Ages. Because it was the manner of theirdeaththat won them their place in heaven, martyrs were a special case; unlike other saints, evidence of heroic virtue in life and miracles were not required. Like the early martyrs, many sixteenth-century English martyrs were immediately recognized as saints by their co-religionists, without reference to judicial processes. But the status of martyr was not popularly accorded automatically to Catholics who died on account of their faith. Despite Southwell's ‘Epitaph’: ‘A Queen I liu'd, now dead I am a Saint/Once MARIE calde; my name now Martir is’, Mary, Queen of Scots, was not generally acclaimed as a martyr, even by Catholics.

scholarly journals Speleotourism in Slovenia: balancing between mass tourism and geoheritage protection

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 344-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Tičar ◽  
N. Tomić ◽  
M. Breg Valjavec ◽  
M. Zorn ◽  
S. B. Marković ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Mass Tourism ◽  
The Status ◽  
Geosite Assessment ◽  
Future Management ◽  
The Middle Ages

Abstract Slovenia is considered as the cradle of karst geotourism as cave tourism started there as early as the Middle Ages. To date more than 12,000 caves were discovered from which 22 have the status of tourist caves. From these, 10 were assessed using the M-GAM model (Modified Geosite Assessment Model) to gain information for better future management strategies. The results show that visitors of Slovenian tourist caves mostly appreciate their natural values, as they prefer caves without major tourism infrastructure and they pay attention to their protection status. The model also confirmed that the two most important tourist caves (Postojna Cave and Škocjan Caves) have the leading geotourism role and that the management of tourist caves via a regional park as is the case of Škocjan Caves is an example of good practice.

Voices and Bodies: The Afterlife of the Unborn

Numen ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 56 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 326-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danuta Shanzer
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Human Embryo ◽  
Late Antiquity ◽  
Special Class ◽  
Late Antique ◽  
Pelagian Controversy ◽  
The Status ◽  
Visible Body ◽  
The Middle Ages ◽  
Mizuko Kuyo

This article discuses the fate of a special class of child, the unborn, in the afterlife, as well as the gradual criminalization of abortion in Antiquity. Particular attention is paid to a possible prohibition of abortion in Orphism that may underpin the nekyiai in P. Bon. 4. and Vergil Aen . 6. Then it turns to depictions of the aborted in the Apocalypse of Peter and its late antique off spring to show how the aborted fetus gradually acquires a visible body and an articulate voice. At the same time, the theology of sentiment works out its solutions to mitigate the problem of the innocent in hell. The fate of the almost bodiless fetus in the Resurrection became a bone of contention by the early 5th C. The satirical questions posed Christians about the resurrection of the unborn may first have been raised by Porphyry. His interest in the embryo and its ensoulment in the Pros Gauron are adduced as evidence. Attention is drawn to Augustine's doubts about the status and fate of the human embryo, and some reasons are suggested about why he hesitated to adopt an unambiguous “human from conception” position. In the 5th C., after the Pelagian controversy, attention began to shift from the unborn to the unbaptized, who dominate the nekyiai of the Middle Ages. The rise of the Mizuko kuyō cult in Japan shows astonishing parallels to what happened in Late Antiquity.

scholarly journals Sustained UK marine observations. Where have we been? Where are we now? Where are we going?

2014 ◽  
Vol 372 (2025) ◽  
pp. 20130332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas J. P. Owens
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Marine Science ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Future Needs ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Status ◽  
Modern Era ◽  
The Middle Ages ◽  
Observation Networks

This introduction traces the earliest interaction of ancient humans with their marine environment, through marine explorations in the Middle Ages and Renaissance, to the development of early marine science in the Enlightenment. This sets the scene for how marine observations developed in the modern era and explains the status of today's marine observation networks. The paper concludes with an assessment of the future needs and constraints of sustained marine observation networks and suggests the lessons from a long history might be the key to the future.

Antagonistic Figures

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Tolan ◽  
Gilles Veinstein ◽  
Henry Laurens
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
The Status ◽  
Do So ◽  
Mortal Danger ◽  
The Middle Ages

This chapter delineates all the forms of antagonism that, at the ideological level, irremediably pitted the Christians and Muslims against each other. The Christians had rejected Islam from its first appearance and continued to do so throughout the Middle Ages. Initially, they even denied it the status of religion, seeing it only as a heresy or a form of paganism or idolatry. When they had to consider Islam a religion, they could only denounce it, given that Christianity alone was true. In addition to being false, Islam was also a mortal danger: as a universal religion, it claimed to be superior to Christianity and intended to take its place. It was thus imperative to stand up to Islam and combat it by every means. The very survival of Christianity was at stake, and therefore humanity's salvation.

scholarly journals Irish merchants and seamen in late medieval England

2000 ◽  
Vol 32 (125) ◽  
pp. 22-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy R. Childs
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Opposite Direction ◽  
General Context ◽  
Medieval England ◽  
The West ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
The Status ◽  
Late Medieval England ◽  
The Middle Ages

Most studies of Anglo-Irish relations in the middle ages understandably concentrate on the activity of the English in Ireland, and unintentionally but inevitably this can leave the impression that the movement of people was all one way. But this was not so, and one group who travelled in the opposite direction were some of the merchants and seamen involved in the Anglo-Irish trade of the period. Irish merchants and seamen travelled widely and could be found in Iceland, Lisbon, Bordeaux, Brittany and Flanders, but probably their most regular trade remained with their closest neighbour and political overlord: England. They visited most western and southern English ports, but inevitably were found most frequently in the west, especially at Chester and Bristol. The majority of them stayed for a few days or weeks, as long as their business demanded. Others settled permanently in England, or, perhaps more accurately, re-settled in England, for those who came to England both as settlers and visitors were mainly the Anglo-Irish of the English towns in Ireland and not the Gaelic Irish. This makes it difficult to estimate accurately the numbers of both visitors and settlers, because the status of the Anglo-Irish was legally that of denizen, and record-keepers normally had no reason to identify them separately. They may, therefore, be hard to distinguish from native Englishmen of similar name outside the short periods when governments (central or urban) temporarily sought to restrict their activities. However, the general context within which they worked is quite clear, and this article considers three main aspects of that context: first, the pattern of the trade which attracted Irish merchants to England; second, the role of the Irish merchants and seamen in the trade; and third, examples of individual careers of merchants and seamen who settled in England.

Tumultus Et Rumor in Sinagoga: An Aspect of Social Life of Provençal Jews in the Middle Ages

AJS Review ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 227-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Shatzmiller
Keyword(s):  
Jewish Community ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Special Kind ◽  
Southern France ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Town ◽  
The Middle Ages

It is impossible to discuss the social life or the organization of the Jewish community in the Middle Ages without noting the fact that the synagogue was its center. In many cases the synagogue was the only building owned by the community as such, the only institution that actually was at everyone's disposal. It did not always happen to be a special kind of building constructed or dedicated to the worship of God: sometimes one of the city's houses, or an apartment, or a room, would serve as a synagogue. Thus we hear that in the town of Manosque in Southern France—the location of our episodes—there was in the year 1311 a synagogue located at what had formerly been the house of Macip, one of the community's members.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document