THE IDEOLOGY OF CHARITY, THE IMAGE OF THE ENGLISH POOR LAW, AND DEBATES OVER THE RIGHT TO ASSISTANCE IN FRANCE, 1830–1905

1997 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 997-1032 ◽  
Author(s):  
TIMOTHY B. SMITH
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
Public Assistance ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Poor Law ◽  
Negative Image ◽  
Social Question ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Right ◽  
Public Relations Campaign

In France during the period 1830–1905, the very boundaries of the debate on the social question were dictated by a foreign example, the English Poor Law. French fears of national public assistance programmes were grounded in a widespread disdain for the Poor Law. In this article I examine many of the major French works on charity and assistance written between the 1830s and 1900s and the debates surrounding reform proposals. I argue that the opponents of compulsory, tax-financed public assistance created a negative image of the English Poor Law in order to discredit attempts to introduce, first, the ‘right to assistance’ in 1848–1851, and later, bills providing for free medical assistance for the poor and aid to the elderly indigent in the 1890s and 1900s. I conclude with a discussion of how the proponents of mandatory, national assistance programmes defeated a carefully orchestrated and misleading public relations campaign led by some of the opponents of social welfare during the 1890s and 1900s.

Broken Promises and the Rise of a Stereotype

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koji Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Public Service ◽  
Political History ◽  
Negative Image ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
Balance Of Trade

Projects began to emerge during the sixteenth century en masse by promising to relieve the poor, improve the balance of trade, raise money for the Crown, and thereby push England’s imperial ambitions abroad. Yet such promises were often too good to be true. This chapter explores how the ‘reformation of abuses’—a fateful slogan associated with England’s break from Rome—came to be used widely in economic contexts, and undermined promised public service under Elizabeth and the early Stuarts. The negative image of the projector soon emerged in response, reaching both upper and lower echelons of society. The chapter reconstructs the social circulation of distrust under Charles, and considers its repercussions. To do this it brings conceptual tools developed in social psychology and sociology to bear upon sources conventionally studied in literary and political history.

scholarly journals PROCLAMATIONS AS A SOURCE OF HETMANATE’S CITY LAW OF THE SECOND HALF OF XVII – XVIII CENTURIES

2019 ◽  
pp. 7-13
Author(s):  
O. Y. Vovk
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
Urban Communities ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Municipal Government ◽  
City Government ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Right

The article contains a historical and legal analysis of proclamations as a cumulative source of Hetmanate’s city law of the second half of 17th – 18th centuries, and their characteristic by origin and purpose. It was established that Hetmanate (a state official name was – Zaporizhian Host) was under the rule of Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth during this period with all the lands and cities, and then as a part of the Russian monarchy. It is studied that in the field of municipal government, public relations in Ukrainian cities were governed by the norms of urban law, including the provisions of local proclamations (locations) of the autonomous government ofHetmanate, which should be divided into separate specific groups. The most significant of them were those that confirmed the granting of the right to self-government of the Magdeburg sample to Ukrainian cities. The proclamations of Ukrainian hetmans of a defensive, prohibited or protective nature, which were granted to the cities of Hetmanate since the reign of B. Khmelnytskyi and including K. Rozumovskyi, protected the rights of urban communities from abuse bythe local administration and representatives of other classes. The cities were given the right to leave a significant part of the income to the city government bodies and burghers by Hetman permitting proclamations. The electoral proclamations of hetmans to certain individuals controlled the order of elections in cities and prevented abuse duringtheir conduct. The regulation proclamations, issued to the cities by hetmans and colonels, clarified the social and economic power ofmagistrates or town halls and established the economic relations of the urban inhabitants. A separate group of local proclamations consisted of those relating to the proper economic activity of urban craft workshops anddefended the social rights of burghers-artisans. It is proved that the norms of proclamations of all groups provided legal regulationof social relations in the sphere of municipal government of Left-Bank Ukraine primarily till the first city reform in Ukrainian citiesconducted by Russian Empire and the introduction of the Charter to Cities of 1785.

US Welfare Reform: Rewriting the Social Contract

2009 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
NEIL GILBERT
Keyword(s):  
Social Contract ◽  
Public Assistance ◽  
Welfare Policy ◽  
Social Forces ◽  
Deficit Reduction ◽  
The Social ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
The Right ◽  
Temporary Assistance ◽  
Welfare Reforms

AbstractThis paper analyses recent developments in US welfare policy and their implications for future reforms. The analysis begins by examining how the enactment of the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) programme in 1996 changed the essential character of public assistance and the major social forces that accounted for this fundamental shift in US welfare policy. It then shows how the most recent welfare reforms under the Deficit Reduction Act of 2005 broadened and intensified the TANF requirements, leaving four avenues along which issues of conditionality and entitlement are likely to be played out in future welfare reforms. Finally, the discussion highlights how a new social contract is being forged through progressive and conservative proposals, which shift the focus of public assistance from the right to financial support to the right to work and earn a living wage.

“The Idea of Rights”: Tocqueville on The Social Question

2017 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 649-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianna Englert
Keyword(s):  
Political Rights ◽  
Class Division ◽  
Social Question ◽  
Poor Laws ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Private Charity ◽  
The Social ◽  
Novel Theory ◽  
Policy Solutions

AbstractTocqueville's writings on pauperism have gained renewed attention in the last decade. Scholars study hisMemoir on Pauperism(1835) to contextualize his thought in the nineteenth century, to question the extent of his liberalism, or to locate his policy solutions on a spectrum from private charity to state welfare. Yet Tocqueville's response to pauperism must be interpreted in light of “the social question,” or the problem of how to alleviate not only the material ills of poverty, but also the phenomenon of social exclusion that accompanied it. His discussion of the social question, I argue, illuminates his particular theory of rights and their possibilities. His thoughts on the poor laws culminate in a novel theory of the educative potential of property rights. This theory of rights prompts us to revisit his position on extending political rights and on the role of political participation in overcoming class division.

scholarly journals Perlindungan Hukum dari Negara Terhadap Masyarakat Fakir Miskin Menurut Konsep Welfare State (Studi Pengentasan Kemiskinan Masyarakat di Kota Palembang)

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 269
Author(s):  
Muhammad Zainul Arifin ◽  
Muhammad Syahri Ramadhan ◽  
Happy Warsito ◽  
Ardian Nugraha
Keyword(s):  
Welfare State ◽  
Social Service ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Poor People ◽  
The South ◽  
Indonesian Government ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Right ◽  
The City

The process of implementing the concept of a welfare state by the Indonesian government towards its people is a problem of poverty. The number of needy people in Indonesia is enormous. This is what underlies poverty to be considered a serious problem so that the Indonesian government provides specific regulations related to poverty handling through the issuance of Law no. 13 of 2001 concerning Management of the Poor. In the South Sumatra region, particularly the city of Palembang itself, the problem of poverty is a big task that must be faced by regional officials and other related agencies. The Social Service of South Sumatra Province stated that Palembang City was the city with the highest number of poor people compared to other districts / cities in South Sumatra. This of course requires the right policies in handling it, one of which is through the issuance of the Regional Regulation of South Sumatra Province Number 7 of 2017 concerning poverty reduction in South Sumatra

scholarly journals Parsimony and Pauperism: Poor Relief in England, Scotland and Wales in the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Harris
Keyword(s):  
The Elderly ◽  
Royal Commission ◽  
Poor Relief ◽  
Poor Law ◽  
Welfare Spending ◽  
Poor Laws ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Different Levels

As the Royal Commission on the Poor Laws noted in 1909, the Poor Law Amendment Act of 1834 and the Poor Law (Scotland) Act of 1845 sprang from rather different motives. Whereas the first Act aimed to restrict the provision of poor relief, the second was designed to enhance it. However, despite these aims, it is generally accepted that Scotland's Poor Law continued to relieve a smaller proportion of its population and to spend less money on them. This paper revisits the evidence on which these claims are based. Although the gap between the two Poor Laws was less than previously supposed, it was nevertheless substantial. The paper also explores the links between the size of Scottish parishes and welfare spending, and demonstrates that the main reasons for the persistence of the spending gap were related to different levels of investment in poorhouses and workhouses, and support for the elderly.

scholarly journals Filantropía secular. La ayuda interesada de los fundadores del Asilo de Mendigos en la Ciudad de México, 1879-1902.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Dolores Lorenzo Río
Keyword(s):  
Mexico City ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Social Question ◽  
Social Actions ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Social Composition ◽  
The Social ◽  
Siglo Xix ◽  
The Many ◽  
The City

En este artículo exploramos las “buenas intenciones” de un grupo de filántropos, empresarios liberales, seculares y reformistas que, con el argumento de impulsar la modernización urbana, propusieron desplazar a los limosneros de las calles centrales de la Ciudad de México para contenerlos en el Asilo Particular para Mendigos, fundado en 1879 y ubicado en la periferia urbana. Si bien las obras de la filantropía suelen estudiarse como formas de financiamiento del arte y la cultura o bien como respuesta para la educación y la higiene de los pobres, en este artículo nos centramos en el interés de los filántropos por fomentar el comercio y el ordenamiento urbano, a través de un proyecto asistencial. Asimismo, proponemos una definición acotada de la filantropía secular y sus características que pueden estudiarse a partir del caso específico del Asilo Particular de Mendigos y de las prácticas filantrópicas que le dieron sentido al interés público a finales del siglo XIX. Para sustentar este trabajo consultamos los informes de la Junta de Beneficencia Pública y los informes de las Actas del Consejo del Asilo, prensa periódica y otras fuentes, destacamos de éstas un documento peculiar sobre un estudio de las rutas que los mendigos recorrieron por la ciudad y que le dieron el sustento razonado a esta forma de filantropía en la Ciudad de México. Modern philanthropy used public interest as an argument for intervention in “social question”. The critical point of this text argue how "disinterested" were the "good intentions" of a group of philanthropists, liberals, secularists and reformists who, under the argument of urban modernization, sought to displace beggars from the streets to contain them in the Asilo Particular para Mendigos, founded in Mexico City in 1879. We show the social composition of the founding group and the many meanings on their social actions. We explore a peculiar research elaborated on the routes the beggars traveled through the city, that gave the reasoned support to the foundation. Using the “well-intentioned” argument of helping the poor, philanthropists exerted their influence on urban planning provisions, in addition to mitigating social tensions.

The social question and the urgency of care

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iain Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Health Conditions ◽  
Shared Understanding ◽  
Worth Living ◽  
Social Suffering ◽  
Housing Conditions ◽  
Social Question ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Social ◽  
Material Conditions ◽  
Social Causes

This chapter examines ‘the social question’, a term denoting the misery of the poor, downtrodden, and underprivileged members of society. Those asking ‘the social question’ were morally and politically concerned with alleviating the social suffering experienced by people forced to live on low wages and in poor housing conditions. It was further understood to signal a commitment to combat the social causes of people's poor health conditions. ‘The social question’ was taken to express a shared understanding that there was something deeply wrong with the material conditions under which many people were made to exist; and further, that there was an urgent need to set social arrangements in place to make their lives worth living.

How Do We Prevent Families From “Closing the Door” When Caring for Patients With Alzheimer's Disease?

1996 ◽  
Vol 8 (S1) ◽  
pp. 137-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margareta Grafström
Keyword(s):  
Public Service ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Care Environment ◽  
Housing Service ◽  
Care For The Elderly ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Good Standard

The general aims for the care of the elderly in Sweden are to ensure financial security, good housing, service, and care for the elderly. In this regard, two pieces of recent legislation apply: the Social Service Act of 1982 and the Health and Medical Services Act of 1983. The 1982 act emphasizes the right of the individual to receive public service and help at all stages of life; the 1983 act is intended to maintain a good standard of health and to provide care on equal terms for all. In summary, both laws emphasize that help is to be given to everyone who needs help to support himself or herself in everyday needs. Further, this help should be given in as normal a setting as possible. This means that society should help the elderly to remain in their homes for as long as possible, and that the integrity and autonomy of the elderly should be preserved in the home-care environment.

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