Jewish Identities in the Arab Middle East: The Case of Egypt in Retrospect

2014 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 593-596
Author(s):  
Rami Ginat
Keyword(s):  
Culturally Diverse ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
National Identities ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Jewish Communities ◽  
Anti Semitism ◽  
Arabic Speaking ◽  
Historical Past ◽  
Generation Offspring

Much work has been done in recent decades on the histories of the Jews of Arab lands across a variety of time periods, reflecting an increasing interest in the historical past of the Jews of the “Orient.” While diverse, this literature may be divided into several general groups. The first comprises studies written by Western and Israeli scholars and encompasses a broad spectrum of Arabic-speaking countries. This literature has explored, among other things, issues relating to the way of life and administration of ethnically and culturally diverse Jewish communities, their approaches to Zionism and the question of their national identities, their positions regarding the Zionist–Israeli–Arab conflict in its various phases, and the phenomena of anti-Semitism, particularly in light of the increasing escalation of the conflict. It includes works by Israeli intellectuals of Mizrahi heritage, some of whom came together in the late 1990s in a sociopolitical dissident movement known as the Mizrahi Democratic Rainbow Coalition. The target audience of this movement was Mizrahi Jews: refugees and emigrants from Arab countries as well as their second- and third-generation offspring. The movement, which was not ideologically homogeneous (particularly regarding approaches to the resolution of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict), took a postcolonialist approach to the Zionist narrative and enterprise, and was critical of the entrenchment of the Ashkenazi (European-extraction) Jews among the elites of the emerging Israeli society. The movement had scant success in reaching its target population: the majority of Mizrahi/Sephardi Jews living in Israel. Nevertheless, it brought to the fore the historical socioeconomic injustices that many Jews from Arab countries had experienced since arriving in Israel, whether reluctantly or acquiescently.

The Sephardic Voice of Elias Canetti

2000 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-117
Author(s):  
Maria Esformes
Keyword(s):  
Nobel Prize ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Creative Development ◽  
Jewish Communities ◽  
Social Critic ◽  
Elias Canetti ◽  
Intellectual Autobiography ◽  
The Way

One of the most fascinating memoirs to appear in recent years is that of Elias Canetti, recipient of the 1981 Nobel Prize in Literature. his three-volume spiritual and intellectual autobiography is a complex and insightful rendering of his personal background and his creative development as a novelist, philosopher, and social critic. However, Canetti's autobiography is much more than a compelling account of the development of a great artist – it is a portrait of the tragic character of an entire era that witnessed the destruction of cultures and the way of life o many Jewish communities throughout Europe.

The Tropes of Jewish/Muslim Difference

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yulia Egorova
Keyword(s):  
Reference Point ◽  
Jewish Communities ◽  
Communal Violence ◽  
Anti Semitism ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Way

The chapter explores how notions of Jewish and Muslim difference play out in the history of communal violence in independent India. In doing so it will first interrogate the way in which trajectories of anti-Muslim ideologies intersect in India with Nazi rhetoric that harks back to Hitler’s Germany, and the (lack of) the memory of the Holocaust on the subcontinent. It will then discuss how the experiences of contemporary Indian Jewish communities both mirror and contrast those of Indian Muslims and how Indian Jews and the alleged absence of anti-Semitism in India have become a reference point in the discourse of the Hindu right deployed to mask anti-Muslim and other forms of intolerance.

scholarly journals ETHICAL CONCERNS REGARDING MALE CIRCUMCISION CULTURE: A SELECTED ETHNICAL GROUP

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 737-740
Author(s):  
Cabangile N. Ngwane
Keyword(s):  
Male Circumcision ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Community Culture ◽  
Ethical Concerns ◽  
Indigenous Group ◽  
Values And Beliefs ◽  
Hiv Aids

: Traditional cultural practices reflect values and beliefs of members of a community. Culture is an umbrella term, which explains common things people share such as language, customs, beliefs and the way of life. This paper seeks to look at male circumcision culture of a certain indigenous group in South Africa. Male circumcision is associated with ethnic marks, virility, masculinity, rite of passage to manhood however, there are many ethical concerns centering on male circumcision. Hence, this paper seeks to explore the ethical concerns surrounding male circumcision culture of a selected ethnical group in order to contribute to ethical execution of the practice. Little has been done on ethical issues surrounding male circumcision. The fallacy surrounding this phenomenon needs further investigation. The paper intends to contribute to the debate on male circumcision as a way of mitigating HIV/AIDS infections. The Social Norm Theory has been used to explain the phenomenon under study. The constructivist research paradigm enabled the interviewing of participants from the target population, as the study is inductive in nature. The key finding was that they do male circumcision mostly in an unethical way that it also affects women and children. They also do it based on the misconception and the fallacy that they will not get HIV/AIDS.

JUSTICE FOR JEWS FROM ARAB COUNTRIES AND THE REBRANDING OF THE JEWISH REFUGEE

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 511-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shayna Zamkanei
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
The United States ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Jewish Communities ◽  
Israeli Government ◽  
Jewish Refugee ◽  
The World ◽  
World Organization

AbstractSince its founding in 2002, the group Justice for Jews from Arab Countries (JJAC) has appealed to governments, international organizations, and Jewish communities worldwide to recognize post-1948 Jewish emigrants from Arab countries as refugees. Yet prominent scholars, Israeli government officials, and Jewish political activists in Israel and the United States have traditionally opposed this designation. Why, then, have JJAC's efforts met with success? This article draws on the experiences of JJAC and its predecessor, the World Organization of Jews from Arab Countries, as well as the claims of their critics, to argue that JJAC's accomplishments are due to the organization's ability to extricate the term “refugee” from a Zionist discursive context and to apply it within the framework of international law and human rights.

The Challenges of Peace

Worldview ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 22 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 4-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry A. Kissinger
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Jewish Population ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
Jewish Communities ◽  
Spiritual Change ◽  
The World ◽  
The Many ◽  
Near Future

We face a series of issues in the Middle East, some of them new and quite unprecedented. The first is how to bring to a conclusion the negotiating process that has been started. With respect to the negotiations between Egypt and Israel I do not think much needs to be said. They will be concluded within the very near future. They will create their own reality. They will mark both a political and a spiritual change, in the sense that two peoples who have thought of each other only in terms of hostility will now at least have an opportunity to address together some tasks of construction.I would, however, say two things. It is perhaps not totally unfair to state that many Israelis, and Jews, operate on the principle that anything worth doing is worth overdoing. But I see no overwhelming political necessity that, for example, every Israeli busline establish a terminal in Cairo. I think, of course, it is important that contact starts with Egypt and Israel. I think it is important also that these contacts be developed in a manner that is compatible with Egypt's perception of itself, still a Moslem country and still related to other Arab countries. And I would strongly urge that within Israel aitd within the Jewish communities around the world some mechanism be established that vets the many brilliant approaches that are being generated by every original Jewish thinker, a number that exceeds the total Jewish population.

Americanism and Anti-Americanism of Mexican Immigrants in Los Angeles

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Mexican Immigrants ◽  
National Identities ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
The People ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Multicultural Identities ◽  
The U.S

This essay argues that U.S.-Mexico relations are so paradoxical, unstable, and sensitive that it is difficult to determine whether or not Mexican people have anti-American sentiments. A randomized survey conducted by Ibarra and his research team in 2004 with foreign-born Mexicans from Sinaloa in Los Angeles County included questions about their attitudes and values. The answers revealed a growing adhesion of these immigrants to an American way of life but in a transformed fashion, keeping their ethno-national identities and forming transnational multicultural identities that cannot be labeled as anti-American. The essay points out that 60 percent of people in Mexico have a relative living in the U.S., and contemplates some of the likely implications of this fact. Ibarra contrasts this with the March 2006 CIDAC-Zogby International survey on perceptions of Mexico and the U.S., which showed that only 47 percent of the people in Mexico have a favorable opinion of Americans, that 66 percent have a negative opinion of the U.S. government, and that 73 percent consider Americans racist. Ibarra asks if it is possible to imagine poor Mexican people with low levels of English proficiency, limited schooling, and undocumented legal status in the U.S. experimenting with, and producing, a new form of Americanism. After all, he argues, they are the new Americans and, in the process, they are redefining what it means to be American.

Jüdisches Leben zwischen Toleranz, Integration und Antisemitismus

2021 ◽  
pp. 523-553
Author(s):  
Christoph Lind
Keyword(s):  
Rule Of Law ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Jewish Communities ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
Anti Semitism ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Revolution Of 1848 ◽  
First World

Jewish Life between Tolerance, Integration, and Anti-Semitism. In the 18th century, Jews were strictly forbidden to settle in Lower Austria, with the exception of Vienna. Only the Toleranzpatent of 1782 made this possible, again under certain conditions. Free movement in the wake of the revolution of 1848 led to the immigration of Jews, mainly from Bohemia, Moravia and Hungary. By 1908, they had founded 15 Kultusgemeinden (Jewish communities), with the associated religious infrastructure, throughout the country. The constitution of 1867 finally made them citizens with the same rights as the majority society. However, anti-Semitism fundamentally questioned their successful integration and physical existence in Lower Austria. Jews, however, did not accept these attacks without resistance, but defended themselves with the means available under the rule of law. During the First World War, they contributed to the ultimately futile war efforts of the Monarchy. They welcomed peace in 1918, but had to look to the future with concern, faced with an anti-Semitism that was more aggressive than ever.

Cross-cultural realist interviews: An integration of the realist interview and cross-cultural qualitative research methods

2021 ◽  
pp. 1035719X2110552
Author(s):  
Kerryn O’Rourke ◽  
Nawal Abdulghani ◽  
Jane Yelland ◽  
Michelle Newton ◽  
Touran Shafiei
Keyword(s):  
Culturally Diverse ◽  
Language Translation ◽  
Realist Evaluation ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Support Program ◽  
Coherent Integration ◽  
Why Questions ◽  
Arabic Speaking ◽  
Realist Methodology ◽  
Diverse Groups

Realist interviews are a data collection method used in realist evaluations. There is little available guidance for realist interviewing in cross-cultural contexts. Few published realist evaluations have included cross-cultural interviews, providing limited analyses of the cross-cultural application of realist methodology. This study integrated realist and cross-cultural qualitative methods in a realist evaluation of an Australian doula support program. The interviews were conducted with Arabic speaking clients of the program. The process included collaboration with a bicultural researcher, philosophically situating the study for methodologically coherent integration, bicultural review of the appropriateness of realist ‘how’ and ‘why’ questions, decisions about language translation and interpretation, pilot interviews, and co-facilitation of the interviews. Integration of the methods was feasible and valuable. This study may support other realist evaluators to give voice to people from culturally diverse groups, in a manner that is culturally safe, methodologically coherent and rigorous, and that produces trustworthy results.

The Importance of Connections: The Rise of Jewish Business Elites in Galicia

2019 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 473-496
Author(s):  
Vladyslava Moskalets
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Culturally Diverse ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
Business Elites ◽  
Jewish Communities ◽  
Kin Relations ◽  
Economic Elites

Abstract The article explores relations within the milieu of Jewish elites involved in the oil industry of two towns in Eastern Galicia – Drohobych and Boryslav – in the second half of 19th century. The oil industry, one of the unique examples of early industrialization in Galicia, attracted numerous Jewish participants, especially in the initial stages. They became workers, overseers and entrepreneurs, less or more successful. The Jewish communities of both cities were socially and culturally diverse. This article examines the formation and structure of Jewish economic elites, arguing that kin relations and connections with elites in a non-Jewish environment helped a group of oil entrepreneurs to distinguish themselves from others and sustain business. Though 19th-century industry in Galicia inspired writers with the idea of the oil magnate gaining wealth overnight, the formation of Jewish elites in Drohobych and Boryslav was a long process, which required the ability to connect with different networks.

scholarly journals Stillbirth Among Arab Women in Canada, 1981-2015

2020 ◽  
Vol 135 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-252
Author(s):  
Nathalie Auger ◽  
Judith Racape ◽  
Marie-France Raynault ◽  
Marianne Bilodeau-Bertrand ◽  
Ga Eun Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
Arab Women ◽  
Maternal Characteristics ◽  
Adjusted Risk ◽  
Arabic Speakers ◽  
French And English ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Disproportionate Number ◽  
Arabic Speaking

Objectives: The Arabic-speaking population is increasing in Europe and North America. Evidence suggests that Arab migrants have a greater risk of adverse birth outcomes than nonmigrants, but the risk of stillbirth is largely understudied. We examined inequality in stillbirth rates between Arab women and the French and English majority of women in Quebec, Canada. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of all births in Quebec from 1981 through 2015. We computed stillbirth rates by period and cause of death, and we used log binomial regression to estimate the association between Arabic mother tongue and stillbirth, adjusted for maternal characteristics. Results: Stillbirth rates per 1000 births overall were lower among women with Arabic mother tongue (3.89) than among women with French or English mother tongue (4.52), and rates changed little over time. However, Arabic-speaking women from Arab countries had a higher adjusted risk of stillbirth than French- or English-speaking women (risk ratio = 1.23; 95% confidence interval, 1.07-1.42). Congenital anomalies, termination of pregnancy, and undetermined causes contributed to a disproportionate number of stillbirths among women with Arabic mother tongue compared with the French- and English-speaking majority. Conclusions: Arabic-speaking women from Arab countries have higher risks of stillbirth compared with the French and English majority in Quebec. Strategies to reduce stillbirth risk among Arabic speakers should focus on improving identification of causes of death.

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