The Challenges of Peace

Worldview ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 22 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 4-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry A. Kissinger
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Jewish Population ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
Jewish Communities ◽  
Spiritual Change ◽  
The World ◽  
The Many ◽  
Near Future

We face a series of issues in the Middle East, some of them new and quite unprecedented. The first is how to bring to a conclusion the negotiating process that has been started. With respect to the negotiations between Egypt and Israel I do not think much needs to be said. They will be concluded within the very near future. They will create their own reality. They will mark both a political and a spiritual change, in the sense that two peoples who have thought of each other only in terms of hostility will now at least have an opportunity to address together some tasks of construction.I would, however, say two things. It is perhaps not totally unfair to state that many Israelis, and Jews, operate on the principle that anything worth doing is worth overdoing. But I see no overwhelming political necessity that, for example, every Israeli busline establish a terminal in Cairo. I think, of course, it is important that contact starts with Egypt and Israel. I think it is important also that these contacts be developed in a manner that is compatible with Egypt's perception of itself, still a Moslem country and still related to other Arab countries. And I would strongly urge that within Israel aitd within the Jewish communities around the world some mechanism be established that vets the many brilliant approaches that are being generated by every original Jewish thinker, a number that exceeds the total Jewish population.

JUSTICE FOR JEWS FROM ARAB COUNTRIES AND THE REBRANDING OF THE JEWISH REFUGEE

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 511-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shayna Zamkanei
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
The United States ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Jewish Communities ◽  
Israeli Government ◽  
Jewish Refugee ◽  
The World ◽  
World Organization

AbstractSince its founding in 2002, the group Justice for Jews from Arab Countries (JJAC) has appealed to governments, international organizations, and Jewish communities worldwide to recognize post-1948 Jewish emigrants from Arab countries as refugees. Yet prominent scholars, Israeli government officials, and Jewish political activists in Israel and the United States have traditionally opposed this designation. Why, then, have JJAC's efforts met with success? This article draws on the experiences of JJAC and its predecessor, the World Organization of Jews from Arab Countries, as well as the claims of their critics, to argue that JJAC's accomplishments are due to the organization's ability to extricate the term “refugee” from a Zionist discursive context and to apply it within the framework of international law and human rights.

scholarly journals Women and Liberation

1970 ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
Rose Ghurayyib
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
Turn Over

When we turn over the pages of the numerous feminist publications received by IWSA W from various parts of the world, we immediately notice the scarcity of materials published by or about women of the Middle East, particularly women of Arab countries..  

Analysis of the Impact of Monetary Relations Between the Russian Federation and the Middle East on the Region's Economy

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-18
Author(s):  
Vahib Al'-Mavazhde
Keyword(s):  
International Economic ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
International Economic Relations ◽  
The World ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Labor Specialization

International monetary and credit relations are an integral part and one of the most difficult areas of a market economy. They reflect the problems of the national and world economies, which historically developed in parallel. With the globalization and internationalization of the world economy, there is an intensification of international flows of goods, services, and especially capital and loans. International monetary and credit relations (IMCO) are one of the forms of international economic relations (IEE) along with such forms as: international trade, international movement of capital and foreign investment, international labor migration, international cooperation in science and technology, international division of labor (specialization and cooperation of production). Russia is one of the key partners in the world market in the field of currency and credit relations and trade, which affects the country's economic development. On the financial market arena, Russia acts as a lender for developing countries, and is also a borrower from more developed countries. In the modern realities of the development of international economic relations, it is worth considering various alternative financial markets or renewing old international economic relations, as an option these are the countries of the Middle East. Today, market economic relations between Russia and the Middle East are based on mutually beneficial conditions for both parties. The Russian Federation views the Arab countries, firstly, as a market for its manufactured products, technical equipment, and secondly, as a prospect for credit relations and the development of a market for energy products. At the moment, the improvement of relations in the currency and credit directions is aggravated by the state of the world economy and foreign economic activity of Russia.

The World Bank Financial Intermediary Funds as a Multilateral Mechanism to Channel Assistance to Politically Unstable Regions: The Case of the Middle East and North Africa Transition Fund

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 72-108
Author(s):  
Vladimir Bartenev ◽  
◽  
Alexey Solomatin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
World Bank ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Governance Structure ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
Fragile States ◽  
Political Climate ◽  
Financial Intermediary ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World

In recent years there has been a steady growth of “multi-bilateral aid,” or voluntary earmarked contributions transferred by international donors through multilateral organizations. The World Bank Group’s financial intermediary funds (FIFs) and trust funds have gained an especially wide recognition and have been particularly instrumental in channelling aid to fragile states — a priority group of partners for achieving the United Nations’ sustainable development goals. But researchers have paid much less attention to FIFs than to trust funds.This article identifies characteristic features of World Bank IFIs as a multilateral mechanism to channel aid to politically unstable regions, focusing on the Middle East and North Africa Transition Fund (MENA TF) established in 2012 to support Arab countries undergoing political transitions as a result of the Arab Awakening. The introductory section examines the particularities, benefits and risks of establishing FIFs as multilateral mechanisms to transfer development assistance. These parameters are illustrated in subsequent sections which discuss the MENA TF’s establishment procedures, governance structure, and mobilization and allocation of funds.The article concludes that for each of the parties involved, hypothetically, World Bank FIFs are a quite convenient mechanism for supporting fragile states. However, the example of the MENA TF conclusively shows that everything depends on the concrete political context of their establishment and operation. In terms of some key parameters (establishment procedure, governance structure) the MENA TF mechanism is very similar to other funds of the same type, but its operation is strongly affected by challenges uncommon to the majority of FIFs, which are focused on more politically neutral sectors. These challenges stem from several factors, including the predominance of political decisions within the Deauville Partnership, a unique list of contributors, and a severity of discord among them given the drastic deterioration of the political climate in the Arab world and beyond in 2014. This not only disrupted plans to engage more donors and mobilize the planned amount of funds, but it also stipulated a visible politicization of aid allocation. Political risks which materialized in the MENA TF operations might occur in other FIFs focused on fragile states and situations. The establishment of additional multilateral mechanisms, thus, requires learning from experience and prioritizing risk assessment and mitigation.

An Analysis of Homicide in the Afro-Arab Sudan

1976 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn Fluehr-Lobban
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Unique Position ◽  
The Many ◽  
First Time

This paper has attempted to bring out the essentials of a larger study of Sudanese homicide. This is the first study of homicide and major crime in the Sudan which embraces the many diverse ethnic groups that constitute the Sudanese population. It is the first time that so many cases have been analysed for the purpose of disclosing sociological patterns of killing and violence in Sudanese society. Such studies are rare for African countries and practically non-existent for the Arab countries. The Sudan's unique position, straddling both the Arab and African worlds, make this study in part both a study of African homicide and of homicide in the Middle East.

scholarly journals ARABIC: WHY INDONESIANS HAVE TO LEARN IT?

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Letmiros Letmiros
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
Reading And Writing ◽  
International Language ◽  
Indonesian Population ◽  
The World ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
History Of ◽  
Official Languages ◽  
The Many

Arabic has many virtues. The first virtue of Arabic is that it is part of Islam. Then, Arabic as one of the old languages in the world has an amazing history of civilization. Furthermore, Arabic is an international language that has been used as one of the official languages of the United Nations since 1973. Because of these advantages, Arabic is interesting to be studied and researched by non-Arabs including by Indonesians. Arabic is studied, in addition to the purpose or because of the factors of Islam, also because of the factors of world life, for the demands of work or profession and so forth. Arabic is also one of the three old languages in the world that still exists and is used in various fields of life. The close relationship between Indonesia and Arab countries, which numbered 22 countries, also encouraged Arabic to be studied by the Indonesian population. Arabic is a part of a language that is easily learned by anyone including Indonesian people. The teaching of Arabic as a foreign language is intended so that one can master this language from various aspects: listening, speaking, reading and writing. For Indonesians, the many similarities between the Indonesian and Arabic systems both at the level of phonology, morphology, syntax, and semantics will be enough to help them learn the language which includes Semito-Hamit field.

scholarly journals Perkembangan Filologi di Kawasan Timur Tengah

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-87
Author(s):  
Arif Hidayatulloh
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Arab World ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
Manuscript Studies ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government

Egypt is important to be the object of research because it represents one of the universities considering those who are familiar with writing. In addition, according to Al-Hajiri, Egypt is a state of the Middle East (Arab) in the world of philology in modern times. This can be seen from the attention and philology activities carried out by Egyptian researchers who have preceded researchers from other Arab countries. During the Abbasiyah dynasty, in the government of Khalifahal-Mansur (754-775), HarunAlrasyid (786-809), and al-Makmun (809-833) manuscript studies and knowledge and knowledge about policy making, and policy developments related to the development of government al-Makmun. Hunain was one of the most prolific translators of the time and had the most knowledge. He mastered Arabic, Greek, and Syriac (syiria). The scientific activities carried out by Hunain bin Ishaq are quite interesting and very useful for other scientists. among others, inventorying any Greek manuscripts that have been translated into Syriac (Syrian) or Arabic, and other texts that have never been translated. Besides Hunain, the historical translator of classical works also replaced the names of great contemporary interpreters from Nestorian and Jacobite Christians such as Ibn Na'imah and al-Himshi (835 AD), Abu BisyrMatta (900 AD), Yahya bin Adi (974 AD ) and others. The only prominent Muslim translator today is Tsabit bin Qurra. Thanks to the dedication of these translators, Aristotle's logical thoughts were increasingly recognized and understood in the Arab world.                  Mesir penting untuk menjadi objek penelitian karena merupakan salah satu universitas yang akrab dengan tulisan. Selain itu, menurut Al-Hajiri, Mesir adalah negara Timur Tengah (Arab) di dunia filologi di zaman modern. Ini bisa dilihat dari perhatian kegiatan filologi yang dilakukan oleh peneliti Mesir daripada peneliti lainnya di negara-negara Arab lainnya. Selama dinasti Abbasiyah, pada pemerintahan Khalifah al-Mansur (754-775), Harun Alrasyid (786-809), dan studi naskah al-Makmun (809-833) dan pengetahuan tentang pembuatan kebijakan, dan perkembangan kebijakan terkait dengan pengembangan pemerintahan al-Makmun. Hunain adalah salah satu penerjemah paling produktif saat itu dan memiliki pengetahuan paling banyak. Dia menguasai bahasa Arab, Yunani, dan Syria (syiria). Kegiatan ilmiah yang dilakukan oleh Hunain bin Ishaq cukup menarik dan sangat bermanfaat bagi ilmuwan lain. antara lain, menginventarisasi naskah-naskah Yunani yang telah diterjemahkan ke dalam bahasa Syria (Syria) atau Arab, dan teks-teks lain yang belum pernah diterjemahkan. Selain Hunain, penerjemah historis dari karya-karya klasik juga menggantikan nama-nama penerjemah besar kontemporer dari Kristen Nestorian dan Jacobite seperti Ibn Na'imah dan al-Himshi (835 M), Abu BisyrMatta (900 M), Yahya bin Adi (974 M) ) dan lain-lain. Satu-satunya penerjemah Muslim terkemuka saat ini adalah Tsabit bin Qurra. Berkat dedikasi para penerjemah ini, pemikiran logis Aristoteles semakin diakui dan dipahami di dunia Arab.   Keywords: Philology, development of the Arab World, Middle East, Egypt

Panji Hitam Dari Arah Timur

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-30
Author(s):  
Dadi Herdiansah
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Conflict Area ◽  
Middle East Conflict ◽  
The World ◽  
Information Spread

One of the information spread about the arrival of the Mahdi priest was that he led the war troops by carrying a black banner from the east. This information comes from several histories in several hadith books. Pro contra has occurred in response to this history. The Muslim groups who believe in the truth of this black banner tradition have flocked from all corners of the world to the Middle East conflict area which is believed and believed there is a group of mujahids carrying black banner as mentioned by the hadith. Even in the conflict area there was mutual claim between the factions that their faction was mentioned by the hadith carrying its black banner, so that even from one another, civil war was not inevitable in some places. But what is the origin of the hadith? This note is the adoptive writer to criticize the hadith by issuing all of his paths with the takhrīj al-hadīth method, Jarh wa ta'dīl and ‘Ilalu al-hadīth.

“All in a Garden Green”: Shakespeare's Staging of Garden Imagery

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-252
Author(s):  
Deborah Solomon
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Literary Tradition ◽  
The Public ◽  
The World ◽  
Audience Interaction ◽  
The Many ◽  
Green World

This essay draws attention to the surprising lack of scholarship on the staging of garden scenes in Shakespeare's oeuvre. In particular, it explores how garden scenes promote collaborative acts of audience agency and present new renditions of the familiar early modern contrast between the public and the private. Too often the mention of Shakespeare's gardens calls to mind literal rather than literary interpretations: the work of garden enthusiasts like Henry Ellacombe, Eleanour Sinclair Rohde, and Caroline Spurgeon, who present their copious gatherings of plant and flower references as proof that Shakespeare was a garden lover, or the many “Shakespeare Gardens” around the world, bringing to life such lists of plant references. This essay instead seeks to locate Shakespeare's garden imagery within a literary tradition more complex than these literalizations of Shakespeare's “flowers” would suggest. To stage a garden during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries signified much more than a personal affinity for the green world; it served as a way of engaging time-honored literary comparisons between poetic forms, methods of audience interaction, and types of media. Through its metaphoric evocation of the commonplace tradition, in which flowers double as textual cuttings to be picked, revised, judged, and displayed, the staged garden offered a way to dramatize the tensions produced by creative practices involving collaborative composition and audience agency.

The Legacy of Iraq

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Liberal Democracy ◽  
Iraq War ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Political Elite ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
Sequence Of Events ◽  
The World ◽  
Free Market Capitalism ◽  
Market Capitalism

This book critically reflects on the failure of the 2003 intervention to turn Iraq into a liberal democracy, underpinned by free-market capitalism, its citizens free to live in peace and prosperity. The book argues that mistakes made by the coalition and the Iraqi political elite set a sequence of events in motion that have had devastating consequences for Iraq, the Middle East and for the rest of the world. Today, as the nation faces perhaps its greatest challenge in the wake of the devastating advance of the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) and another US-led coalition undertakes renewed military action in Iraq, understanding the complex and difficult legacies of the 2003 war could not be more urgent. Ignoring the legacies of the Iraq War and denying their connection to contemporary events could mean that vital lessons are ignored and the same mistakes made again.

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