Sensitivity to Issue Framing on Trade Policy Preferences: Evidence from a Survey Experiment

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 411-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Ardanaz ◽  
M. Victoria Murillo ◽  
Pablo M. Pinto
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
The United States ◽  
Issue Framing ◽  
Survey Experiment ◽  
Informational Cues ◽  
Material Conditions ◽  
Trade Preferences ◽  
The Impact

AbstractWe explore the impact of issue framing on individual attitudes toward international trade. Based on a survey experiment fielded in Argentina during 2007, which reproduces the setup of earlier studies in the United States, we show that individuals' position in the economy and their material concerns define the strength of their prior beliefs about international trade, and thereby mitigate their sensitivity to the new dimensions introduced in informational cues. Extending the analysis beyond the United States to a country with different skill endowments allows us to better explore the role of material and nonmaterial attributes on individual attitudes toward trade. We find that skill is a central predictor of support for openness. The effect is strongest for individuals in the service sector and in cities that cater to the producers of agricultural commodities. Our findings suggest that the pattern of support for economic integration reflects the predictions from recent literature in international economics that emphasizes trade's impact on the relative demand for skilled labor regardless of factor endowments. Our findings also amend recent empirical contributions that suggest socialization is the main factor explaining individual sensitivity to issue framing on trade preferences. We suggest that material conditions associated with income and price effects are crucial, both in shaping trade preferences and in affecting the malleability of attitudes to issue framing. Hence, our results provide a crucial contribution to our general understanding of the attributes shaping susceptibility to political framing in policy debates.

International trade in forest products: lumber trade disputes, models and examples

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
The United States ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Forest Sector ◽  
Softwood Lumber ◽  
Background Theory ◽  
The North ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Because of the long-standing Canada-United States lumber trade dispute and the current pressure on the world's forests as a renewable energy source, much attention has been directed toward the modelling of international trade in wood products. Two types of trade models are described in this book: one is rooted in economic theory and mathematical programming, and the other consists of two econometric/statistical models--a gravity model rooted in theory and an approach known as GVAR that relies on time series analyses. The purpose of the book is to provide the background theory behind models and enable readers to easily construct their own models to analyze policy questions, whether in forestry or another sector. Examples in the book illustrate how models can be used to say something about a variety of issues, including identification of the gains and losses to various players in the North American softwood lumber business, and the potential for redirecting sales of lumber to countries outside the United States. The discussion is expanded to include other products besides lumber, and used to examine, for example, the effects of log export restrictions by one naton on all other forestry jurisdictions, the impacts of climate policies as they relate to the global forest sector, and the impact of oil prices on forest product markets throughout the world.

Speak No Evil

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi Hardt
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
The United States ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Survey Experiment ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
International Media ◽  
Institutional Memory ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Different Sources

As a fourth empirical chapter, Chapter 6 identifies the sources that motivate elites to share their knowledge of strategic errors. Employing a survey experiment on elites, the chapter presents hypotheses about the impact of three different sources: the United States, NATO's secretariat and international media. Surprisingly, experimental results indicate that NATO elites are less likely to record or share knowledge of a strategic error if an action is framed as such by the United States. Results also demonstrate that NATO elites are slightly more likely to record if the action is framed as such an error by the secretariat. The chapter concludes with a discussion of why a powerful state would counter-intuitively have a dampening effect on an international organization’s capacity for retaining knowledge across time and space. Findings support the book’s argument that the secretariat plays a critical role in facilitating the development of institutional memory about past strategic errors.

Migrants, Caravans, and the Impact of News Photos on Immigration Attitudes

2021 ◽  
pp. 194016122110084
Author(s):  
Guadalupe Madrigal ◽  
Stuart Soroka
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Group Treatment ◽  
News Coverage ◽  
The United States ◽  
News Story ◽  
Survey Experiment ◽  
Web Based ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Large Groups ◽  
Attitudes Toward Immigration

The migrant caravan is comprised of thousands of people traveling from Central America to the Mexico–U.S. border seeking refuge from their home countries. In news coverage, images of the caravan regularly portray large groups of immigrants walking toward the border. What are the consequences of this depiction on attitudes toward immigration? We suggest that images of groups of immigrants, in contrast with images of individual immigrants, will tend to decrease support for immigration. In 2019, we preregistered and ran a web-based survey experiment in the United States in which respondents read a news story with either an image of immigrants in a crowd setting, an image of an individual immigrant, or a control condition. The group treatment produces no systematic increase in anti-immigrant sentiment relative to the control. However, we do find differences in the group and individual treatments for respondents who are high in threat sensitivity. Findings are discussed as they relate to recent work on the roles of both fear and person positivity in attitudes about immigration, as well as the potential importance of editorial choices in the portrayal of immigration to the United States.

scholarly journals Remesas y migración en el municipio de Tecamachalco Puebla, México

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Iván Ximitl-Islas ◽  
Marisol Rodríguez-De La Vega ◽  
Alejandra Cabildo-Orea ◽  
Rafael Machorro-Díaz
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Target Population ◽  
The United States ◽  
Population Council ◽  
Intensity Index ◽  
Piedras Negras ◽  
Migration Intensity ◽  
The Impact

This time, the results of a survey applied in the Municipality of Tecamachalco, Puebla, Mexico, in which the target population is focused on families with one or more people who have migrated to the United States, are presented. The methodology is based on the collection of financial information on family remittances per Federal Entity with data from BANXICO (Bank of Mexico) and on the application of 478 questionnaires in a fieldwork. Also, the Migration Intensity Index was consulted at the National Population Council (CONAPO for its initials in Spanish) to analyze the number of families in Tecamachalco that receive remittances. The contribution of this project lies in the information obtained in the phenomenon of labor migration in the state of Puebla, which ranks sixth in receiving family remittances and whose main labor market in the United States takes place in the Service Sector primarily. The states where Tecamachalco migrants mainly reside are: California, Texas, and New York, and the border cities with the greatest recurrence are: Tijuana, Nogales, Agua Prieta, Nuevo Laredo, Reynosa, and Piedras Negras. Similarly, information was also obtained on the impact of remittances as well as their use and shipping method.

International Trade Since 1914

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Foreman-Peck
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
International Trade ◽  
World Order ◽  
The United States ◽  
Transport Cost ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
International Specialization ◽  
The Impact

Long-distance international trade for hundreds of years stemmed primarily from differences in climate. Generally free-trade policy and reduced transport cost superimposed another pattern by 1914; one of greater international specialization based upon land and labor abundance or scarcity. The broadly open trading world of the beginning of 1914 broke down first under the impact of war and then of the Great Depression. By 1945 the United States had emerged as the most powerful nation, committed to establishing a world order that would not make the mistakes of the preceding decades. The promotion of more liberalized trade among the wealthier nations, over the following decades hugely expanded the volume of trade. Trade in manufactures—based on skill endowments and preference diversity—came to dominate that in primary product. Services strongly increased in importance, especially with the rise of e-commerce. Oil displaced coal as the world’s principal fuel, redistributing income to those countries with substantial oil deposits. The greatest threat to the continuing expansion of world incomes and trade came from the Great Recession of 2008–2009, but the World Trade Organization regime discouraged the mutually destructive trade wars of the earlier period. However, the WTO was less successful 10 years later in restraining the damaging United States–China trade conflict.

scholarly journals The end of the globalization erа, deglobalization, “new” globalization, or transition to noospheric co-development?

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (8) ◽  
pp. 7-25
Author(s):  
Oleh BILORUS ◽  
◽  
Volodymyr VLASOV ◽  
Sergіi GASANOV ◽  
Igor KHANIN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Special Section ◽  
The United States ◽  
Government Support ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Impact

The article highlights the controversial issues of the state, contradictions and trends of modern globalization in the face of new challenges and threats associated with political, immigration, pandemic, climate, economic and trade shocks – Britain’s exit from the EU, the implementation of the US President’s policy “America Above All”, the beginning of trade de-globalization as a result of the revision of free trade agreements (FTAs) and the trade “war” between the United States and China, the impact of the global COVID-19 pandemic and climate change on deepening the global economic recession, the collapse of national economies and international trade, lack of financial resources for active government support of the health care systems, social protection, small and medium-sized businesses. Political, economic, managerial and academic circles are actively discussing the problems of the “end” of globalization, de-globalization, “new” globalization, the need for a “new world order”, which will actually embody the fundamental values of democracy, economic freedom, free trade and, at the same time, will strengthen social responsibility of the world community and its international institutions, the main geopolitical, geo-economic and military centers of power (primarily the United States, China, the European Union, Russia, etc.) for the preservation of peace on the basis of consensus, recognition of global priorities in countering climatic and epidemic threats to human life on Earth , consistent implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals to eradicate poverty in all its forms and manifestations, combat inequality within and between countries, ensure continuous, inclusive and sustainable economic growth and promote social inclusion. The article drew attention to the strengthening of the trends of protectionism and economic nationalism, in particular, the US withdrawal from the Trans-Pacific Partnership agreement and attempts to revise the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). The article shows the loss of the US leadership in world trade due to the accelerated economic development of other countries, primarily the Asian region. The discussion of these problems at the Davos Economic Forum led to the conclusion about the likely end of Atlanticism and globalization. At the same time, the UN report (2018) highlighted a special section on trade hyperglobalization. The article hypothesizes that the Bali Round (2013) of negotiations on trade began the fourth wave of its globalization, and proposes a new theory of international trade – the theory of globalization impact.

Leaps of Faith

Dead Ringers ◽  
2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shehzad Nadeem
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Economic Restructuring ◽  
The United States ◽  
Service Work ◽  
Offshore Outsourcing ◽  
New Era ◽  
The Impact

This chapter considers how the offshore outsourcing of white-collar service work set off something of a moral panic in Western Europe and the United States. Some believed that such outsourcing was salubrious in the long term and consistent with broad trends of economic restructuring. To others, it heralded a new era of job loss and economic vulnerability. The chapter explains how, in both cases, the international trade in services became a synecdoche for the promise and peril of increasing global interdependence. It examines how offshoring has crept into the service sector and tackles questions that nobody seems prepared to answer: about concession bargaining, about the denial of workers' rights in Export-Processing Zones, and about the impact on wages and working conditions in the United States. Finally, it discusses the offshore outsourcing of service work from the Indian perspective.

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