The New French Law Against Racial Discrimination and Anti-Semitism

1976 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claude Klein
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Racial Discrimination ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
The United States ◽  
International Level ◽  
French Law ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Anti Semitism ◽  
The Social

Great efforts have been made during the last decade to combat all forms of racial discrimination and anti-semitism, by legislation as well as on the social plain. On an international level, special conventions have been adopted, and some countries such as the United States, Great Britain, and Austria have, in addition, adopted special provisions to deal with their own specific problems. The growing number of foreigners who now come to work (Arabs, Africans, Portuguese, Italians, Greeks, Turks etc.) in Western Europe, have aggravated the ever present tradition of racism and anti-semitism, and have produced new forms of racial discrimination. In 1972, France widened the legislation which had been initiated in 1939. A number of cases have already been decided by French courts applying the 1972 law and in this article we will discuss its practical application.

Introduction

2018 ◽  
pp. 3-46
Author(s):  
Marc DiPaolo
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Comic Book ◽  
The United States ◽  
Class Conflict ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Anxieties ◽  
Contemporary Context

Examines case studies of fictional heroes as analogues of real-life working-class figures to encourage greater empathy between members of different classes. Doing so will help scholar, undergraduate, and fan readers understand the very contemporary context of America through the lens of fictional characters who are understandably resonant with a broad swath of the public during this politically divided time. The essays in this anthology contemplate the social anxieties that attend class conflict in the United States and Great Britain, and consider how fictional comic book narratives depict these cultural anxieties.

Introduction

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Paul J. Magnarella
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Racial Discrimination ◽  
Kansas City ◽  
Black Panther Party ◽  
The United States ◽  
Civil Strife ◽  
The Social ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The City

The introduction establishes the setting for Pete O’Neal’s life in the United States. It describes the social turbulence of the 1960s and 1970s, including that period’s civil strife, racial discrimination, national and urban unrest, and black power movements. It discusses the formation and ideologies of the Black Panther Party and the strained relations between the police and black citizens, as well as the racially uneven employment picture in Kansas City, Missouri, the city of Pete O’Neal’s formative years.

Mixed Unions and Immigrant-Group Integration in North America and Western Europe

2015 ◽  
Vol 662 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Alba ◽  
Nancy Foner
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
North America ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
African Ancestry ◽  
The United States ◽  
Immigrant Group ◽  
Social Cleavages ◽  
Transnational Marriage ◽  
Group Integration

We examine unions between individuals with non-Western immigrant origins and those from the native majorities in six North American and Western European countries: Canada, France, Germany, Great Britain, the Netherlands, and the United States. The analysis shows that certain deep social cleavages, involving African ancestry in the United States and Muslim religion in Western Europe, hinder the formation of mixed unions; in the European case, low rates of mixed unions are linked in some countries to high rates of transnational marriage. Overall, the rates of mixed unions appear to be higher in Canada, France, and the United States, suggesting a role for integration-related ideologies. In the case of the United States, we are able to trace the consequences of mixed unions, which appear likely to have the effect of changing, or expanding, the societal mainstream. Yet we conclude that mixed unions do not have a uniform significance for integration and that their effects are context-dependent.

scholarly journals Promotion Strategies Are Useful in Adult Learners Examining Social Inequality and Racial Discrimination in Black Americans

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 4-8
Author(s):  
Saliza Ramli ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Adult Learners ◽  
Social Inequality ◽  
Racial Discrimination ◽  
American History ◽  
Black Americans ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Social ◽  
Promotion Strategies

As we enter the post-covid19 pandemic and all the social uprisings and awareness of 2020 and 2022, perhaps there has never been a time in American history where students and educators at all levels need to consider and adapt more effective and innovative approaches to addressing the ‘elephant in the American – room’ and that being the issue of racism. This paper presents meaningful teaching strategies for adult learners in examining the dark impacts of racism towards African Americans in the United States.

1. Unregulated immigration and its opponents, from colonial America to the mid-nineteenth century

2021 ◽  
pp. 15-22
Author(s):  
David A. Gerber
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Colonial America ◽  
The United States ◽  
Melting Pot ◽  
British North America ◽  
American Citizenship ◽  
American Party

Colonial British North America was a melting pot for northern and western Europeans, with a majority white population from Great Britain. Colonial authorities encouraged immigration because of a need for labor. Immigration, both bonded and voluntary, supplemented the slave trade as a labor source. The same economic logic was present after the United States was founded in 1789, but, amid unregulated massive immigrations from northern and western Europe, suspicions based on race, nationality, and religion grew about the suitability of the immigrants for American citizenship, as did fears about their negative impact on American life. Thus, from the start, Americans looked in different directions when considering immigration. Immigrants were economically beneficial, yet too many of them were thought dangerous in variety of ways. In fear of immigrant political power, the American Party emerged in the 1850s, arguing unsuccessfully for extension of the period necessary for residence to become a citizen and vote.

scholarly journals Black and White discrimination in the United States: Evidence from an archive of survey experiment studies

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 205316801775386 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.J. Zigerell
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Racial Discrimination ◽  
The United States ◽  
Survey Experiment ◽  
Time Sharing ◽  
Job Applicant ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Political Candidate ◽  
The Social ◽  
Candidate Target

This study reports results from a new analysis of 17 survey experiment studies that permitted assessment of racial discrimination, drawn from the archives of the Time-sharing Experiments for the Social Sciences. For White participants (n=10 435), pooled results did not detect a net discrimination for or against White targets, but, for Black participants (n=2781), pooled results indicated the presence of a small-to-moderate net discrimination in favor of Black targets; inferences were the same for the subset of studies that had a political candidate target and the subset of studies that had a worker or job applicant target. These results have implications for understanding racial discrimination in the United States, and, given that some of the studies have never been fully reported on in a journal or academic book, the results also suggest the need for preregistration to reduce or eliminate publication bias in racial discrimination studies.

scholarly journals Transportation Costs and the Social Savings of Railroads in Latin America. The Case of Peru

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Felipe Zegarra
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
The United States ◽  
Transportation Costs ◽  
Traditional System ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
The Social

AbstractThis article estimates the social savings of the railroads in Peru in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The construction of railroads made it possible for Peruvians to substitute the traditional system of mules and llamas, although only for a few routes. Using primary and secondary sources, I estimate the social savings for 1890, 1904, 1914 and 1918. Social savings ranged between 0.3 per cent and 1.3 per cent of GDP in 1890, but then increased to a range between 3.6 per cent and 9.4 per cent of GDP in 1918. The social savings of railroads in Peru were comparable to those for the United States and Great Britain but were much lower than those for Mexico, Brazil and Argentina, largely because Peru had very few railroads.

Trust, Efficacy and Modes of Political Participation: A Study of Costa Rican Peasants

1980 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitchell A. Seligson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Political Participation ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
The United States ◽  
Costa Rican ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Causal Factors ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Made In

Those who study political participation will find that recent investigations have been lacking neither in scope nor methodological sophistication. Participation, once conceived of in rather narrow terms (usually focusing exclusively on voting) and whose study was restricted to certain geographic areas only (the United States and Western Europe), is now taken to include a wide range of activities across the globe. Similarly, the causal factors of participation have been expanded as well, so that currently they include the social-psychological, socio-economic, demographic, structural, historical and cultural. Nevertheless, despite the abundance of inquiry, little progress has been made in the development of theory.

The Old-New Distinction and Naturalization: 1900

1980 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 492-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avery M. Guest
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
The Social

The literature on American immigration frequently distinguishes between the assimilation of the old groups, primarily from Northern and Western Europe, and the new groups, primarily from Southern and Eastern Europe. This article analyzes old-new differences in naturalization, one possible measure of assimilation. Data described here indicate a clear difference in 1900 between the new and old groups in their rates of assimilation, but little difference in eventual degrees of naturalization among persons who have been in the United States for some period of time. It is suggested that some of the remaining differences may be a result of the social structures of the origin countries.

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