Reply to note by E. J. Sheehy on methods of experimentation in animal nutrition

1934 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 335-339
Author(s):  
George Dunlop
Keyword(s):  
Animal Nutrition ◽  
Weight Curve ◽  
Feeding Experiments ◽  
Group Feeding

The note by E. J. Sheehy on a method of correction in the weight curve of certain animals in group-feeding experiments(l) has been brought to the author's notice.

Fattening studies with cross-bred (European×Zebu) bulls: 1. Performance on diets of native hay and concentrate

1978 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 425-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. B. O'Donovan ◽  
A. Gebrewolde ◽  
B. Kebede ◽  
E. S. E. Galal
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
The Third ◽  
Feeding Experiments ◽  
Group Feeding ◽  
Feeding Trials

SummaryTwo group-feeding and one individual-feeding experiments were made for 112 and 182 days, respectively, with 76 cross-bred and eight Zebu bulls. Simmental, Friesian and Jersey sire breeds were mated to three Ethiopian Zebu breeds, namely Boran, Horro and Barca, while Zebu bulls were included for comparison purposes in Expt 3. The trials were conducted in confinement at Holetta Research Station, located at 2400 m elevation and having a mean maximum temperature range of 18·7–24 °C. In the group-feeding trials (Expts 1 and 2) a common diet was fed, consisting of native hay (30%) molasses (20%) and a concentrate supplement. In the third experiment, two diets containing 30 and 50% native hay were supplemented by concentrate and fed individually to eight Simmental and eight Friesian cross bulls, while eight Zebus served as a control.The average daily gains, feed intake and conversion did not differ markedly between Simmental and Friesian crosses, but lower values were generally found for Jersey crosses. Cross-breds outgained Zebus, consumed more feed and converted it more efficiently to live-weight gain. Performance differences were noted between the Zebu breeds as well as some evidence of sire × dam breed interactions. Significantly higher gains were achieved with the low than with the high roughage diet.

A note on feed-lot performance of Grey Shirazi sheep

1970 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 677-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Ghorban ◽  
A. A. Mozafar ◽  
N. Sefidbakht ◽  
E. Simhaee
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Experiments ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Group Feeding

SUMMARYIdentical group-feeding experiments (each of 90 days duration) were conducted in the summer and in the winter of 1968. The purpose was to study the feed-lot performance of the Grey Shirazi breed on high- and low-concentrate diets with or without diethylstilboestrol (DES) in two different seasons of the year. Lambs on the high-concentrate diet gained more than those on the low-concentrate diet both in summer and in winter. On both diets lambs performed better under cold than under warm conditions. There was no difference when DES was given orally with the above two rations.

The control of variation in gain in animal nutrition experiments

1935 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Dunlop
Keyword(s):  
Great Part ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Basal Metabolism ◽  
Weight Increase ◽  
Animal Nutrition ◽  
Feeding Method ◽  
Digestive Capacity ◽  
Residual Variation ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Group Feeding

The cause of variation in the live-weight increase of animals on experiment has been further investigated. It had been shown previously that varying food intakes and initial weights-inherent drawbacks of the group-feeding method-accounted for much of this variation. When these two factors are rigidly controlled small differences in live-weight gains are still obtained. Evidence is presented to show that the basal metabolism and the digestive capacity of animals are for all purposes the same, and cannot account for any great part of the residual variation.

Methods of Experimentation in Animal Nutrition

1933 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 580-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Dunlop
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Control Variable ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Weight Increase ◽  
Animal Nutrition ◽  
Cambridge University ◽  
Feeding Experiments ◽  
Research Institutes ◽  
Nutrition Research

The unsatisfactory nature of the methods adopted in feeding experiments at Animal Nutrition Research Institutes has been shown to be due to the neglect of the worker to control variable factors, other than those being investigated, which affect the growth rate of his animals.It has been proved that age, sex (females and castrated males), condition and previous growth rate have no effect on the rate of live-weight increase of swine in the Cambridge University herd, and the basis on which animals are allotted to groups to ensure homogeneity is fallacious.

The influence of processing and of certain crude enzyme preparations on the utilisation of cereals by pigs

1964 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Burnett ◽  
E. L. Neil
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Preparation ◽  
Crude Enzyme ◽  
Or Efficiency ◽  
Enzyme Preparations ◽  
Feeding Experiments ◽  
Food Utilisation ◽  
Group Feeding ◽  
Feeding Trials ◽  
Pig Performance ◽  
Better Than

1. Three group feeding trials and two individual feeding experiments, involving a total of 202 pigs from 8 to 10 weeks of age to bacon weight, were conducted to determine the effect of processing (steaming, followed by rolling and grinding) of maize and barley on pig performance. The effect of supplementation of raw and processed cereal diets with two crude enzyme preparations was also studied.2. Processing of maize or barley had no significant effects on rate of growth or efficiency of food utilisation in pigs fed on diets containing a proportion of bran and pollard, or of pigs fed on diets in which maize or barley constituted the entire cereal portion.3. Neither enzyme preparation affected pig performance.4. The growth rate and efficiency of food utilisation of pigs given diets high in maize were significantly better than for those given diets high in barley.

Effect of a pen in group-feeding trials: modelling data from suckler cows

2008 ◽  
Vol 146 (4) ◽  
pp. 381-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. JAUHIAINEN ◽  
M. MANNINEN ◽  
J. ÖFVERSTEN
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Study ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Mixed Model Approach ◽  
Feeding Experiments ◽  
Single Animal ◽  
Group Feeding ◽  
Feeding Trials

SUMMARYThis paper provides information on the extent and containment of intraclass correlation (ICC) concerning group-feeding trials on suckler cows. The research comprised the re-analysis of six previously reported experiments and a parallel simulation study. ICC coefficients were estimated for eight variables. They were seen to be higher in experiments on bulls compared with those on cows and more notable in the measurements of live weight gain compared with final weight. Moreover, the ICC coefficients were generally high for all variables measuring behavioural patterns. The simulation study showed that using a single animal as an experimental unit could be valid in certain situations, but it could not be extended to cover all the cases. The simulation study also showed that the common mixed model approach had significant problems when the ICC was slight. In general, the research strengthened the arguments that much more effort should be placed on the planning and statistical analysis of group-feeding experiments, especially in behavioural studies.

The application of the indirect method of calorimetry to ruminants

1923 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 447-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Orr ◽  
H. E. Magee
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Method ◽  
The Body ◽  
Animal Nutrition ◽  
Feeding Experiments

In the study of animal nutrition valuable information has been obtained from feeding experiments, the results of which depend upon the liveweight test. These results, however, deal only with the relative values of different foodstuffs and methods of feeding, and the accumulated data are, on the whole, not of such a nature that general physiological laws can be deduced from them. For the elucidation of such laws, it is necessary to carry out metabolic experiments by which the transformation of energy and material within the body can be studied with some degree of precision.

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