Fattening studies with cross-bred (European×Zebu) bulls: 1. Performance on diets of native hay and concentrate

1978 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 425-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. B. O'Donovan ◽  
A. Gebrewolde ◽  
B. Kebede ◽  
E. S. E. Galal
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
The Third ◽  
Feeding Experiments ◽  
Group Feeding ◽  
Feeding Trials

SummaryTwo group-feeding and one individual-feeding experiments were made for 112 and 182 days, respectively, with 76 cross-bred and eight Zebu bulls. Simmental, Friesian and Jersey sire breeds were mated to three Ethiopian Zebu breeds, namely Boran, Horro and Barca, while Zebu bulls were included for comparison purposes in Expt 3. The trials were conducted in confinement at Holetta Research Station, located at 2400 m elevation and having a mean maximum temperature range of 18·7–24 °C. In the group-feeding trials (Expts 1 and 2) a common diet was fed, consisting of native hay (30%) molasses (20%) and a concentrate supplement. In the third experiment, two diets containing 30 and 50% native hay were supplemented by concentrate and fed individually to eight Simmental and eight Friesian cross bulls, while eight Zebus served as a control.The average daily gains, feed intake and conversion did not differ markedly between Simmental and Friesian crosses, but lower values were generally found for Jersey crosses. Cross-breds outgained Zebus, consumed more feed and converted it more efficiently to live-weight gain. Performance differences were noted between the Zebu breeds as well as some evidence of sire × dam breed interactions. Significantly higher gains were achieved with the low than with the high roughage diet.

Dry-matter intake and live-weight gain of cattle and sheep offered different grass varieties with and without clover

1969 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Miles ◽  
R. J. K. Walters ◽  
E. M. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Feeding Trials ◽  
Animal Feeding

SUMMARYA series of animal feeding trials was designed to determine differences between grasses in dry-matter intake and animal live-weight gain, with a view to indicating better selection criteria for improving the feeding value of herbage.Wide differences were demonstrated in feed intake and live-weight gain between single-variety grass feeds at similar levels of digestibility.S.37 cocksfoot gave consistently good and S.51 timothy, consistently poor responses.Supplementation of grass feeds with red clover frequently resulted in marked improvement in feed intake and animal performance.

A note on the use of brewers' dried grains as a protein feedstuff for cattle

1977 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Öster ◽  
S. Thomke ◽  
H. Gyllang
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Fat Deposition ◽  
Protein Source ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Final Weight ◽  
Concentrate Mixture

SUMMARYYoung, uncastrated male cattle (initial weight 80 kg, final weight 240 kg) were used to evaluate brewers' dried grains as a protein source (17 or 36% of the concentrate mixture), in comparison with soyabean oil meal (6% of the concentrate mixture). There were no significant effects on feed intake or average daily live-weight gain. The killing-out percentages for the three treatments were 49·2; 48·6 and 46·9 respectively (P < 0·001). There was a lower fat deposition (P < 0·01) in animals receiving the higher level of brewers' dried grains, and the degree of rumen parakeratosis was less (P < 0·001) with the diets containing grains.

The effects of dietary energy content and level of feeding on the growth of Israeli-Friesian intact male cattle

1974 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Levy ◽  
Z. Holzer ◽  
H. Neumark ◽  
S. Amir
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Intact Male ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Second Period ◽  
Daily Gain

SUMMARYIn an experiment with group-fed cattle from 6 months of age to slaughter at 480 kg live weight two levels of feed intake: 1, ad libitum, 2, 85% of ad libitum amount, were combined with two ratios of concentrate to hay: a, 70: 30; b, 30: 70. In two further treatments, 3a and 3b, the cattle were fed diets a or b at 70% of ad libitum from 6 to 10 months and ad libitum thereafter.Daily gain during the first 124 days of the experiment was (in grams) 1293, 983, 1097, 846, 992 and 756, and from the 125th day to slaughter 735, 600, 796, 579, 830 and 714, for treatments la, lb, 2a, 2b, 3a and 3b, respectively. The decline in rate of gain from the first period to the second was inversely related to the level of feed intake and to the percentage of concentrates in the ration in the first period.Daily carcass gain was 582, 393, 532, 350, 531 and 368 g for treatments la, lb, 2a, 2b, 3a and 3b, respectively.The treatments that were switched over from 70% of ad libitum feed intake in the first period to 100% in the second (3a and 3b), exhibited considerable compensatory growth in the second period, but this was not sufficient to be of economic advantage.The overall ME requirement per kg of live-weight gain was inversely related to rate of gain. Of the six treatments, 2a (85% of ad libitum, 70% concentrate) was the most efficient (19·8 Mcal/kg live-weight gain).Animals on the 100% level of feed intake throughout the experiment (treatments la, lb) were significantly fatter than those on the other treatments.

Rearing of dairy cattle 3. A note on the use of whole milk for calves fed once daily

1972 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Leaver ◽  
N. H. Yarrow
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
The Third ◽  
Whole Milk ◽  
Milk Substitute

SUMMARYWhole milk was given once daily to three groups each of 18 Friesian heifer calves and concentrates and hay were also available. Calves in one group received 2·4 kg milk/day and in a second 3·0 kg milk/day and in both of these groups individual calves were weaned when their daily intake of concentrates reached 400 g. In the third group the calves received 3·0 kg milk/day and were weaned after 28 days. Concentrate and hay intakes were not significantly affected by the treatments. Mean growth rate over 56 days increased with increasing quantity of whole milk offered but the differences between treatments were not significant. The performance of calves given whole milk was compared with the performance achieved in previous experiments where milk substitute was given. It was estimated that 1 kg whole milk gave the same live-weight gain as 170 g milk-substitute powder. From this estimate price/cost relationships were determined to indicate when whole milk or milk substitute should be fed to calves.

Effects of oestradiol-17β or zeranol with or without trenbolone acetate on live-weight gain, carcass composition and zeranol residues in steers on an 18-month beef system

1988 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-214
Author(s):  
J. R. Southgate ◽  
A. R. Peters ◽  
S. N. Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Equal Weight ◽  
Trenbolone Acetate ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
The Third ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Weight Groups

ABSTRACTA comparison of anabolic treatment regimes was made in 761 autumn-born Friesian steers on 14 farms. Prior to turn-out for grazing at 6 months of age and approximately 180 kg live weight, steers were weighed and divided into three equal-weight groups. Group 1 received silastic implants containing 45 mg oestradiol-17β. Group 2 received 36 mg zeranol and group 3 were untreated controls. All steers were weighed at intervals of approximately 3 months (i.e. mid summer, yarding at autumn, mid winter and pre-slaughter) and group 2 steers received a further 36 mg zeranol at the second, third and fourth weighing. At the third weighing half the cattle in each of the treatment groups 1 and 2 received 300 mg trenbolone acetate. Also at the third weighing, group 3 (controls) were subdivided into three equal-weight groups, the first of which received 45 mg oestradiol-17β and 300 mg trenbolone acetate and the second 36 mg zeranol and 300 mg trenbolone acetate. The third subgroup remained as untreated controls.From 10 farms a 25% sample close to group mean weight at mid winter were slaughtered on the same day and subjectively assessed for subcutaneous fat score and conformation on 15-point scales. The left thin flank was separated into tissues. Samples of lean fat, liver and kidney were analysed for zeranol residues. All implant treatments resulted in higher live-weight gain, heavier slaughter weights and earlier slaughter. Trenbolone increased daily gain only during the first 3 months after treatment. Implanted carcasses were heavier both in the fore- and hindquarter but trenbolone also produced heavier forequarters. Carcasses from treated steers had more subcutaneous fat, less perinephric and retroperitoneal fat and less intermuscular fat in the thin-flank joint. Zeranol residues in implanted steers were not significantly higher than controls except in the kidney, but even these were significantly below accepted tolerance levels.

The effect of daylength on the growth of lambs. 5. Skeletal long photoperiod

1984 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 455-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. R. Brinklow ◽  
R. Jones ◽  
J. M. Forbes
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Plasma Prolactin ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
The Third ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Gut Fill ◽  
Long Photoperiod

ABSTRACTFour experiments were carried out, with a total of 98 Suffolk-cross lambs fed at a restricted level, to study the effects of skeletal long photoperiod (7 h light: 10 h dark: 1 h light: 6 h dark) compared with short photoperiod (8 h light: 16 h dark) on growth and blood levels of hormones. The experiments started when the lambs were from 2 to 10 months of age and continued for 9 to 14 weeks.In the first experiment, the weight gains of both females and castrated males were significantly increased by skeletal long photoperiod. Plasma prolactin was increased and cortisol decreased by skeletal long photoperiod.Experiment 2 included females and castrated males; prolactin was stimulated by skeletal long photoperiod and there was a significant positive correlation between live-weight gain and prolactin.The weight gains and carcass characteristics of the female lambs used in the third experiment were not affected by photoperiod. Live-weight gain was negatively related to plasma cortisol.In experiment 4, there were 12 intact males and 12 castrated males. The intact animals grew significantly faster; skeletal long photoperiod caused a depression in testosterone levels in plasma even though it tended to increase live-weight gain.When the data from all four experiments were pooled, it was found that skeletal long photoperiod gave a significant increase in live-weight gain in animals whose pineal gland was intact (40 per photoperiod; 138 v. 113 g/day); there was no effect on gut fill at slaughter and the increase in carcass weight (0·5 kg) was not significant.

Digestion, feed intake, and live weight gain by cattle consuming bermudagrass and supplemented with different grains

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 1288-1297 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Galloway ◽  
A. L. Goetsch ◽  
L. A. Forster ◽  
A. C. Brake ◽  
Z. B. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Live Weight Gain
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