Comparisons of liquid and solid fertilizers and anhydrous ammonia for sugar beet

1970 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-145
Author(s):  
A. P. Draycott ◽  
R. Holliday
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Seed Plants ◽  
Deep Placement ◽  
Side Band ◽  
Anhydrous Ammonia

SUMMARYSix field experiments (1963–8) in eastern England compared solid fertilizer with liquid fertilizer or anhydrous ammonia for sugar beet. Two glasshouse experiments investigated the interaction between depth of placement of fertilizer and soil moisture.Yields of sugar were the same from broadcast solid and sprayed liquid in all the experiments, but nitrogen uptake by the crop was less from liquid than from solid. Three experiments tested placement of liquid 4 in to the side and either 2 or 6 in below the seed. Plants with deep-placed fertilizer consistently out-yielded those with shallowplaced fertilizer, but yields were never significantly different from broadcast solid fertilizer. Dry-matter yields of sugar beet grown in containers indoors showed that the crop responded to deep placement when the surface soil was watered infrequently.With anhydrous ammonia injected during seed-bed preparation, sugar yield and nitrogen uptake were the same as with solid fertilizer in the seed bed, and were greater than with anhydrous ammonia injected in the ploughed land during early spring. A side-band injection of anhydrous ammonia before singling gave a crop containing as much nitrogen at harvest as, but less sugar than, nitrogen applied in the seed bed.

Effects of nitrogen fertilizer and irrigation on sugar beet at Broom's Barn 1973–8

1983 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Last ◽  
A. P. Draycott ◽  
A. B. Messem ◽  
D. J. Webb
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Sugar Yield ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Plough Layer

SUMMARYDuring 1973–8 six field experiments examined the effect of 0, 41, 82, 124, 166 and 207 kg N/ha with and without irrigation on the growth, yield and quality of sugar beet. The culture of the crops was planned to produce a large yield in order to determine the optimal nitrogen application for the above-average crops which many growers are now seeking to produce. Ammonium nitrate was used as the nitrogen source, broadcast in one dose before sowing as was recommended practice in the early 1970s. The growth of the crop was monitored from the seedling stage to harvest in December, as was nitrogen uptake by the crop, and water removal from the soil using a neutron probe.In 3 years when the weather was dry after drilling, the fertilizer significantly depressed the number of plants which established but plant weights showed that some nitrogen fertilizer was needed early for rapid seedling growth. Changes in the method of applying fertilizer for sugar beet are therefore suggested and are being tested. Soil analyses in the plough layer during establishment (May–June) indicated an optimum concentration of mineral nitrogen of about 40 mg N/kg soil at this stage.Nitrogen fertilizer was very important for a high yield; throughout the growth of the crop it greatly increased total dry-matter yield and at final harvest this was reflected in sugar yield. Considering the six years together, sugar yield was linearly related to both dry-matter yield and total nitrogen uptake. However, within a year, increasing nitrogen uptake above 200 kg N/ha with nitrogen fertilizer did not increase sugar yield; maximum yields of sugar each year were normally obtained with 125 kg N/ha fertilizer or less, and irrigation had little effect on the optimum amount. Explanations for the lack of responsiveness of sugar beet to greater applications of nitrogen fertilizer are being sought in further more detailed analyses of the crop and its environment.

Liquid nitrogenous fertilizers

1959 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. R. Jameson
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Special Equipment ◽  
Anhydrous Ammonia ◽  
Considerable Damage

The results show that liquid fertilizers generally gave lower yields of dry matter than conventional solid fertilizers in four experiments on grassland. In seven trials, on autumn wheat, spring wheat, sugar beet and kale, the efficiencies of the two forms of fertilizer were similar.Liquid fertilizers containing ammonia must be injected into the soil and this needs special equipment, more complicated, particularly where anhydrous ammonia is to be used, than the distributors used for solid fertilizers. Running the injector over established grassland sometimes resulted in considerable damage to the sward. When used to top-dress winter wheat across the line of drilling some plants were killed.

The effect of herbicides, anhydrous ammonia and seed ing rate on winter production of oats sod-sown into grass dominant pasture

1966 ◽  
Vol 6 (23) ◽  
pp. 388 ◽  
Author(s):  
RL Colman
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
New South ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Anhydrous Ammonia ◽  
South Wales

A factorial field experiment, comparing three rates of nitrogen as anhydrous ammonia, two seeding rates of oats, and the presence or absence of a herbicide applied to grass pastures before sod-seeding, was conducted at Kyogle, New South Wales in 1964. Plots were sown in mid-autumn and harvested in winter and early spring. Increased applications of nitrogen and the higher seeding rate increased both dry matter yield and total nitrogen content. Application of herbicide significantly increased yield at the low rates of nitrogen but not at the highest rate. Anhydrous ammonia at 120 lb of nitrogen an acre had no effect on the germination of oats seed and provided adequate nitrogen for growth of oats without the need for herbicide application or cultivation of the grass pasture. The results suggest that oats can be successfully sod-seeded into grass dominant pastures by using 120 lb of nitrogen as anhydrous ammonia and four bushels of oats an acre.

Effect of placement of liquid and solid fertilizer on the growth and yield of potatoes

1968 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Holliday ◽  
A. P. Draycott
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
Growth Analysis ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Moisture Regime ◽  
Deep Placement ◽  
Seed Tubers ◽  
Soil Moisture Regime

SUMMARYThree field experiments in 1963–5 compared the effects of three methods of fertilizer application, each at four rates, on the growth and yield of main-crop potatoes. Solid fertilizer was broadcast over the furrows and then concentrated round the seed tubers by splitting the ridges during machine planting. Liquid fertilizer was injected immediately after planting either 2 in below and 2 in to the side (shallow placement), or 6 in below and 2 in to the side of the seed tubers (deep placement). Solid and liquid supplied the same quantity of nutrients.In two years deep placement of liquid gave larger yields than the solid fertilizer and in all three years larger yields than shallow placement of liquid. Results from growth analysis of the 1963 crop indicated that deep placement of liquid gave the largest yield after a dry period. Growth analysis on an additional experiment in 1964 showed that when the soil moisture deficit was limited by irrigation to 1-6 in, both the yield and nitrogen uptake from shallowly and from deeply placed liquids were similar. However, without irrigation deep placement gave a larger yield and nitrogen uptake than shallow placement. An artificial 'dry climate' emphasized that the magnitude of the response to deep placement was related to the soil-moisture regime. It is concluded that the deepplaced fertilizer was in a region of the soil which remained moist, whereas the shallower fertilizer was in drier soil where it was less available to the potato roots.

Field experiments on uptake of nitrogen from leaf sprays by sugar beet

1956 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gillian N. Thorne ◽  
D. J. Watson
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Urea Solution ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Trichloracetic Acid ◽  
Low Volume ◽  
The Difference

When the leaves of sugar-beet crops were sprayed on six occasions in late September and early October with 100 gal./acre of a 3% solution of ammonium nitrate or equivalent urea, in two experiments about 70% of the nitrogen was recovered in the plants in mid-October, compared with 40% recovered from applications of the same amounts of fertilizer to the soil at the same times. In a third experiment the recovery from similar sprayings with urea solution was less than 40%, but very little nitrogen was absorbed from soil dressings, so that the difference between the recoveries from spray and soil applications was nearly the same as in the other experiments.Nitrogen per cent of dry matter in all parts of the plant was increased by the sprays. More than half of the nitrogen absorbed from the sprays was in the leaf laminae, and the remainder was equally divided between petioles (including crowns) and roots. Between 20 and 30% of the nitrogen supplied in spray in the first two experiments was converted to protein in the leaf laminae, and half of this was present as soluble protein precipitable by trichloracetic acid, a fraction that is extracted in the largescale preparation of leaf protein.Spraying slightly increased the dry-matter yield of the tops, but not of the roots. It reduced the sugar content of the roots by about 1% of fresh weight. In one experiment it had no effect on sugar yield; in the others it caused losses of 2 and 5 cwt./acre.The recovery of nitrogen in the tops from a single low-volume spraying (12½ or 25 gal./acre) with nearly saturated urea solution was about the same as from repeated high-volume sprays supplying the same total amount of nitrogen, but in the roots it was higher from the single than from the repeated sprays.

scholarly journals The dry nitrogen yields nitrogen uptake, and the efficacy on nitrogen fertilisation in long-term experiment in Prague

2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 337-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Kubát ◽  
J. Klír ◽  
D. Pova
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Term Field

Long-term field experiments conducted under different soil and climate conditions and their databases provide invaluable information and are indispensable means in the study of the productivity and sustainability of the soil management systems. We evaluated the results of the dry matter yields of the main products obtained with four variants of organic and mineral fertilisation in three long-term field experiments established in 1955. The experiments differed in the cultivated crops. The period of evaluation was 12 and 16 years (1985–2000), respectively. The productivity of nine-year crop rotation was lower with the fertilised variants than that with the alternative growing of spring wheat and sugar beets. The dry matter yields on the Nil variants, however, were higher in the crop rotation than in the alternate sugar beet and spring wheat growing, apparently due to the symbiotic nitrogen fixation. The dry matter yields of sugar beet and mainly of spring wheat declined in almost all variants of fertilisation in the alternate sugar beet and spring wheat growing, over the evaluated time period. In spite of the relatively high dry matter production, the declining yields indicated a lower sustainability of the alternate cropping system. Both organic and mineral fertilisation increased the production of the cultivated crops. The differences in the average dry matter yields were statistically significant. Both organic and mineral fertilisation enhanced significantly the N-uptake by the cultivated crops. The effectivity of nitrogen input was the highest with the alternate cropping of sugar beet and spring wheat indicating that it was more demanding for the external N-input and thus less sustainable than nine-year crop rotation.

scholarly journals Response of Pearl Millet Cultivars to Inoculation with Nitrogen-fixing Bacteria

1985 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. Wani ◽  
S. Chandrapalaiah ◽  
P. J. Dart
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Associations ◽  
Grain Nitrogen ◽  
Pearl Millet Cultivars ◽  
Nitrogen Contents

SUMMARYThe results of field experiments conducted with millet cultivars inoculated with different nitrogen-fixing bacteria at the ICRISAT Centre, Hyderabad, India are described. Significant interactions were observed between host cultivars and bacterial strains, but some cultivars showed consistently increased grain and dry matter yields, suggesting the possibility of exploiting suitable plant and nitrogen-fixing bacterial associations for increasing grain yield. Inoculation also resulted in increased nitrogen uptake up to 14.9 kg ha−1, and larger grain nitrogen contents.

Effects of single or split applications of nitrogen fertilizer to in situ sugar-beet seed plants in the spring of their second year's growth

1977 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 609-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. C. Longden ◽  
M. G. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Seed Plants ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
Seed Vigour ◽  
Leaf Petiole ◽  
Nitrogen Treatments

SummaryNine field experiments (1970–5) investigated the effects of single or split applications of nitrogen fertilizer in February, March, April and May to in situ sugar-beet seed plants in their second year's growth. All experiments were within commercial crops of existing multigerm and monogerm varieties grown on fertile, deep soils in south Lincolnshire, north Cambridgeshire and Northamptonshire and on shallow limestone soils in the Cotswolds.Yield of seed averaged over years and sites ranged from 4·3 to 4·6 t/ha and so was not affected by nitrogen treatments, which also did not noticeably delay harvest. The usable proportion of seed from multigerm crops was 350–650 g/kg, and from monogerm ones 90–200 g/kg but neither was affected by nitrogen treatment. Application of nitrogen in May reduced laboratory germination by about 3% and seedling emergence in the field by about 5 seedlings per 100 fruits sown. The proportion of single seedlings fmonogermity') was not affected by nitrogen treatments, although it was affected by the monogerm or multigerm nature of the crop. An attempt to assess seed vigour was made by determining average seedling weight when grown in the field in the year following harvest, but results were inconsistent. Leaf petiole nitrate concentrations declined progressively throughout the season, but were increased by about a quarterin the month following nitrogen application. At all times they were large and probably not limiting growth. The test had no value for predicting nitrogen application rates or times.In practice it appears that the spring top dressing of nitrogen fertilizer should be made as a single application at the end of February or as soon as possible thereafter.

Growth and yield of sugar beet on contrasting soils in relation to nitrogen supply: II. Growth, uptake and leaching of nitrogen

1975 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Last ◽  
A. P. Draycott
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Soil Mineral Nitrogen

SUMMARYNine field experiments with sugar beet in 1968–70 tested eight amounts of nitrogen fertilizer (0–290 kg N/ha) on a shallow calcareous loam (Icknield Series), on a deep sandy loam (Newport Series) and on a heavy clay loam (Evesham Series). The amount of mineral nitrogen in the top and sub-soils was determined before applying fertilizer and at monthly intervals from May to October in plots given 0, 125 and 250 kg N/ha. The crop on these plots was also sampled at monthly intervals throughout the growing season and the yield and nitrogen uptake determined. The soil analyses indicated that in springs with average rainfall, the leaching losses of nitrogen fertilizer are negligibly small, although there was some evidence that losses may be greatest on sandy loams. In very wet springs such as 1969, with almost double the normal rainfall, losses through leaching are considerable – on average, 40 kg N/ha. Dry-matter yields and response to nitrogen fertilizer differed between the three soils consistently from year to year. On the calcareous loam, neither amount of fertilizer changed the dry-matter yield of roots in any year. The crop on the clay loam needed a small dressing and on the sandy loam a larger dressing of fertilizer for maximum root dry-matter yield. Uptake of nitrogen by the crops usually paralleled the decreases in soil mineral nitrogen although on the clay loam nearly a third of the nitrogen applied could not be accounted for in the soil or plants, suggesting that some denitrification may have taken place. When the amount of nitrogen taken up by unfertilized crops is allowed for, the percentage recovery of applied fertilizer nitrogen at final harvest ranged from 42% on the calcareous loams to 62% on the sandy loams.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF BASIC MINERAL FERTILIZER AND FOLIAR FEEDING WITH MICROELEMENTS ON SUGAR BEET SEEDS YIELD, STRUCTURE AND QUALITY

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (27) ◽  
pp. 35-46
Author(s):  
D.S. Gavrin ◽  
◽  
I.I. Bartenev ◽  
O.M. Nechaeva ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Seed Plants ◽  
Northwestern Part ◽  
Germination Energy ◽  
Russian Scientific Research Institute ◽  
Yield Structure ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries

Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) is one of the most important industrial crops, which is the main raw material for sugar production – a product of strategic importance widely used in food and pharmaceutical industries. In this regard, the provision of domestic beet growing with seeds of domestic hybrids that are competitive with the best foreign ones is particularly relevant. The purpose of the research is to study the effect of the basic mineral fertilizer and microelements boron and zinc on the sugar beet seeds yield, structure and quality indicators. The studies were carried out in the experimental fields of the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Sugar Beet and Sugar named after A.L. Mazlumov, located in the zone of unstable moistening in the Central Black Soils region in the northwestern part of the Voronezh region (Ramon village). The soil of the experimental site is represented by leached hard loamy chernozem with a medium humus content of 4.5 %. Field experiments were laid in 2018–2020 according to the methodology of B. A. Dospekhov. The experiment scheme included the following options: control (without fertilizers); double foliar feeding of seed plants with a 0.1 % solution of a mixture of boric acid and zinc sulfate before the flowering; N160P160K160; N160P160K160 + foliar feeding. Laboratory analyzes of seed quality were carried out according to GOST 22617.2 – 94. The data obtained indicate a significant effect of the basic fertilizer (N160P160K160), which contributed to a 0.53 t/ha (45.3 %) yield increase compared to the control. The sowing qualities of seeds also increased significantly: germination energy by an average of 10.3 % abs., germination – by 9.8 % abs., good quality – by 5.4 % abs. Foliar dressing with microelements had practically no effect on the yield; however, it provided a significant increase in the indicators of the sowing qualities of seeds: germination energy – by an average of 3.3 % abs., germination – by 4.7 % abs., good quality – by 4.6 % abs. Direct dependence of the value of the yield of seeds on the constituent elements of the structure was also revealed: the type of bush of seed plants, the number of productive shoots, their height and seeding per unit length. The correlation coefficient (r) for all three paired dependences of the quantities was 0.99.

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