scholarly journals Response of Pearl Millet Cultivars to Inoculation with Nitrogen-fixing Bacteria

1985 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. Wani ◽  
S. Chandrapalaiah ◽  
P. J. Dart
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Associations ◽  
Grain Nitrogen ◽  
Pearl Millet Cultivars ◽  
Nitrogen Contents

SUMMARYThe results of field experiments conducted with millet cultivars inoculated with different nitrogen-fixing bacteria at the ICRISAT Centre, Hyderabad, India are described. Significant interactions were observed between host cultivars and bacterial strains, but some cultivars showed consistently increased grain and dry matter yields, suggesting the possibility of exploiting suitable plant and nitrogen-fixing bacterial associations for increasing grain yield. Inoculation also resulted in increased nitrogen uptake up to 14.9 kg ha−1, and larger grain nitrogen contents.

Comparisons of liquid and solid fertilizers and anhydrous ammonia for sugar beet

1970 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-145
Author(s):  
A. P. Draycott ◽  
R. Holliday
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Seed Plants ◽  
Deep Placement ◽  
Side Band ◽  
Anhydrous Ammonia

SUMMARYSix field experiments (1963–8) in eastern England compared solid fertilizer with liquid fertilizer or anhydrous ammonia for sugar beet. Two glasshouse experiments investigated the interaction between depth of placement of fertilizer and soil moisture.Yields of sugar were the same from broadcast solid and sprayed liquid in all the experiments, but nitrogen uptake by the crop was less from liquid than from solid. Three experiments tested placement of liquid 4 in to the side and either 2 or 6 in below the seed. Plants with deep-placed fertilizer consistently out-yielded those with shallowplaced fertilizer, but yields were never significantly different from broadcast solid fertilizer. Dry-matter yields of sugar beet grown in containers indoors showed that the crop responded to deep placement when the surface soil was watered infrequently.With anhydrous ammonia injected during seed-bed preparation, sugar yield and nitrogen uptake were the same as with solid fertilizer in the seed bed, and were greater than with anhydrous ammonia injected in the ploughed land during early spring. A side-band injection of anhydrous ammonia before singling gave a crop containing as much nitrogen at harvest as, but less sugar than, nitrogen applied in the seed bed.

Research on Improvement of Nitrogenase Activity of Free-Living Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria Using DBD Plasma

2013 ◽  
Vol 671-674 ◽  
pp. 2674-2678 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Yun Zhu ◽  
Xiao Li Zhu ◽  
Fang She Yang
Keyword(s):  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Barrier Discharge ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Dbd Plasma ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Reduction Assay ◽  
Rrna Sequencing

Nitrogen-fixing bacteria were screened from the rhizosphere soil of plants in Shaanxi in China. 36 free-living nitrogen-fixing bacterial strains were isolated and their nitrogenase activity were determined by acetylene reduction assay (ARA), two strains named FLNB03 and FLNB09 with higher nitrogenase activity were isolated and identified by 16S rRNA sequencing. The datum showed that FLNB03 was similar to Acinetobacter and their similarity reached 99%, FLNB09 was similar to Agrobacterium sp. and their similarity reached 99%. Then both of them were treated using Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) plasma for mutation and their mutants called FLNB03-2 and FLNB09-3 were obtained. The nitrogenase activity of FLNB03-2 was 0.61±0.10 nmol•107cfu-1•h-1, and that of FLNB09-3 was 0.40±0.05 nmol•107cfu-1•h-1, their nitrogenase activity increased by 22.00% and 14.29% than their original bacteria respectively. FLNB03-2 and FLNB09-3 might be used as microbial fertilizer.

Seasonal fluctuations in the nitrogen content of the sultana vine

1957 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 162 ◽  
Author(s):  
D McEAlexander
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Leaf Fall ◽  
Seasonal Fluctuations ◽  
Root Absorption ◽  
Aerial Growth ◽  
Leaf Drop ◽  
Nitrogen Contents

Estimates were made of dry matter and nitrogen contents of parts of sultana vines sampled a t frequent intervals from October to January in one season and January to July in the following season. From early October until the commencement of leaf drop in February there was a linear increase in the amount of nitrogen in the annual aerial growth. This nitrogen was present mainly in the laminae and fruit. After February the amount of nitrogen in the fruit continued to increase while that in the leaves decreased. The loss from the leaves could be partly accounted for by translocation to fruit or woody tissues and the remainder by leaf fall. The data obtained gave no indication of the best time for applying nitrogen to sultana vines. The amount of nitrogen in stems, and also the percentage of nitrogen in trunks, main roots, and feeder roots, increased to July, which suggested that root absorption from the soil continued throughout autumn. It is suggested that the total nitrogen content of laminae gives the most reliable indication of seasonal nitrogen uptake provided that due allowance is made for time of sampling. '

Yield Increases in Summer Cereal Crops in Israeli Fields Inoculated with Azospirillum

1981 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Kapulnik ◽  
S. Sarig ◽  
I. Nur ◽  
Y. Okon ◽  
J. Kigel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Setaria Italica ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing ◽  
Panicum Miliaceum ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria ◽  
Commercial Value

SUMMARYInoculatingZea mays(three cultivars),Sorghum bicolor, Panicum miliaceumandSetaria italicawith nitrogen-fixing bacteria of the genus Azospirillum in Northern Negev and Bet Shean Valley field experiments resulted in significant increases in yield of grain and foliage of commercial value. It was concluded that inoculating summer cereal crops in Israel may save valuable nitrogen fertilizer.

scholarly journals Potassium solubilization in phonolite rock by diazotrophic bacteria

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ligiane Aparecida Florentino ◽  
Adauton Vilela Rezende ◽  
Cássia Cristina Bachião Miranda ◽  
Aline Carvalho Mesquita ◽  
José Ricardo Mantovani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing ◽  
Diazotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria ◽  
Rock Powder ◽  
Potential Use

Some strains of nitrogen fixing bacteria, besides fixing the N2, can produce phytohormones, control pathogens, act in solubilization of minerals containing phosphorus (P) and potassium (K), contributing to plant growth. However, the solubilization of minerals containing K has been little exploited. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate potassium solubilization (K) of phonolite rock by strains of associative nitrogen fixing bacteria supplied with two different carbon sources. Twelve bacterial strains were cultured for seven days at 25°C in Aleksandrov medium supplemented with phonolite rock powder. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized factorial design, 13 x 2 (12 bacterial strains and a control without inoculation) and two carbon sources (glucose and sucrose) with four repetitions. After the growth, the supernatant was separated by centrifugation and analyzed for the final pH value and the content of K. All diazotrophic bacteria strains contributed to increase the release of K when compared to the control treatment. The strain UNIFENAS 100-94 solubilized 130 mg L-1 K in the presence of the two carbon sources, indicating the potential use of these diazotrophic bacterial strains for K solubilization from minerals.

Effects of nitrogen fertilizer and irrigation on sugar beet at Broom's Barn 1973–8

1983 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Last ◽  
A. P. Draycott ◽  
A. B. Messem ◽  
D. J. Webb
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Sugar Yield ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Plough Layer

SUMMARYDuring 1973–8 six field experiments examined the effect of 0, 41, 82, 124, 166 and 207 kg N/ha with and without irrigation on the growth, yield and quality of sugar beet. The culture of the crops was planned to produce a large yield in order to determine the optimal nitrogen application for the above-average crops which many growers are now seeking to produce. Ammonium nitrate was used as the nitrogen source, broadcast in one dose before sowing as was recommended practice in the early 1970s. The growth of the crop was monitored from the seedling stage to harvest in December, as was nitrogen uptake by the crop, and water removal from the soil using a neutron probe.In 3 years when the weather was dry after drilling, the fertilizer significantly depressed the number of plants which established but plant weights showed that some nitrogen fertilizer was needed early for rapid seedling growth. Changes in the method of applying fertilizer for sugar beet are therefore suggested and are being tested. Soil analyses in the plough layer during establishment (May–June) indicated an optimum concentration of mineral nitrogen of about 40 mg N/kg soil at this stage.Nitrogen fertilizer was very important for a high yield; throughout the growth of the crop it greatly increased total dry-matter yield and at final harvest this was reflected in sugar yield. Considering the six years together, sugar yield was linearly related to both dry-matter yield and total nitrogen uptake. However, within a year, increasing nitrogen uptake above 200 kg N/ha with nitrogen fertilizer did not increase sugar yield; maximum yields of sugar each year were normally obtained with 125 kg N/ha fertilizer or less, and irrigation had little effect on the optimum amount. Explanations for the lack of responsiveness of sugar beet to greater applications of nitrogen fertilizer are being sought in further more detailed analyses of the crop and its environment.

The performance of three Australian wheat varieties at high levels of nitrogen supply

1964 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
KP Barley ◽  
NA Naidu
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Australian Wheat ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
Grain Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Contents ◽  
Nitrogen Percentage

The response of Gabo, Javelin 48, and Bencubbin 48 to nitrogen fertilizers has been compared and changes in soil water and mineral nitrogen contents during the growing season described. Field experiments were conducted on a red brown earth at low and moderate fertility levels in wet and in dry seasons. Nitrogen fertilizer increased tillering early in the season, the greatest increase being shown by Bencubbin. In three of four experiments application of nitrogen led to earlier depletion of soil water, and high rates (60 lb an acre, 120 lb an acre of nitrogen) reduced the grain yield. Gabo was less affected than the other two varieties. On low fertility sites each fertilizer increment produced a considerable increase in grain nitrogen percentage.

scholarly journals The efficiency of fertilizers and bacterial preparations on safflower in the risk farming area of the Rostov region

2019 ◽  
pp. 23-27
Author(s):  
Lyudmila Alexandrovna Razumova ◽  
Roman Aleksandrovich Kamenev ◽  
Elena Georgievna Balenko
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Optimal Dose ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria ◽  
The North ◽  
Rostov Region ◽  
Joint Application ◽  
Eastern Zone ◽  
Bacterial Preparations

The article presents the results of field experiments on the effect of mineral fertilizers and bacterial preparations on the yield and quality of safflower seeds. Studies were conducted in 2016-2018 in the North-Eastern zone of the Rostov region on dark chestnut soils. The object of research was the variety of safflower Zavolzhsky-1. Predecessor was winter wheat. As mineral fertilizers, ammonium nitrate and ammophos were used in various doses, according to the scheme of experience, which were introduced simultaneously with sowing or randomly for presowing cultivation. The bacterial preparations were presented to the associative nitrogen-fixing bacteria of the strains Minorin, Flavobacterium, KL-10 production research center of Pushkin. In the field experiment, the variants of the joint application of mineral fertilizers and pre-sowing treatment of seeds with bacterial preparations were also studied. The control was an option without the use of mineral fertilizers and bacterial preparations. The research methodology is standard for studying the action of fertilizers. The average seed yield of safflower on the options amounted to 1,03-1,22 t/ha, oil content of seeds of 35.9-36.3 percent, and the yield of oil yield of seeds from 1 ha – 337-398 kg. In the course of research, we have found that the optimal dose of mineral fertilizers, providing the greatest yield and yield of oil in harvest – introduction of scattering under the sowing cultivation at a dose of N48P52. The increase to the control variant was 18.4%. The yield of oil was increased by 23.7%. The bacterial preparation with associative strains of nitrogen-fixing bacteria for use on natural background fertility of the soil Flavobacterium was identified. The increase in the yield of oilseeds was 13.6%, oil collection was 18.1%.    

scholarly journals Genetic and Symbiotic Diversity of Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria Isolated from Agricultural Soils in the Western Amazon by Using Cowpea as the Trap Plant

2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (18) ◽  
pp. 6726-6733 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Azarias Guimarães ◽  
Paula Marcela Duque Jaramillo ◽  
Rafaela Simão Abrahão Nóbrega ◽  
Ligiane Aparecida Florentino ◽  
Karina Barroso Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing ◽  
Cultural Groups ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Symbiotic Relationships

ABSTRACTCowpea is a legume of great agronomic importance that establishes symbiotic relationships with nitrogen-fixing bacteria. However, little is known about the genetic and symbiotic diversity of these bacteria in distinct ecosystems. Our study evaluated the genetic diversity and symbiotic efficiencies of 119 bacterial strains isolated from agriculture soils in the western Amazon using cowpea as a trap plant. These strains were clustered into 11 cultural groups according to growth rate and pH. The 57 nonnodulating strains were predominantly fast growing and acidifying, indicating a high incidence of endophytic strains in the nodules. The other 62 strains, authenticated as nodulating bacteria, exhibited various symbiotic efficiencies, with 68% of strains promoting a significant increase in shoot dry matter of cowpea compared with the control with no inoculation and low levels of mineral nitrogen. Fifty genotypes with 70% similarity and 21 genotypes with 30% similarity were obtained through repetitive DNA sequence (BOX element)-based PCR (BOX-PCR) clustering. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing of strains representative of BOX-PCR clusters showed a predominance of bacteria from the genusBradyrhizobiumbut with high species diversity.Rhizobium,Burkholderia, andAchromobacterspecies were also identified. These results support observations of cowpea promiscuity and demonstrate the high symbiotic and genetic diversity of rhizobia species in areas under cultivation in the western Amazon.

scholarly journals ISOLASI DAN IDENTIFIKASI BAKTERI PENAMBAT NITROGEN UNTUK PEMBUATAN BIOFERTILIZER

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-23
Author(s):  
Asrul Asrul ◽  
I Nyoman Pugeg Aryantha
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria ◽  
Query Cover ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrients ◽  
Base Sequencing ◽  
Continuous Use ◽  
Biological Fertilizer

Nitrogen is a macro nutrient needed by plants. Generally, people use inorganic fertilizers to fulfill nitrogen nutrients in plants. The problem then is, the continuous use of synthetic nitrogen fertilizers has a direct negative impact on the soil and a derivative impact on human health. The use of microorganisms, in this case bacteria, to provide nitrogen to plants can be done by isolating it and making it a biological fertilizer agent. Nitrogen fixing bacteria was isolated on the land of the oil palm plantation of PT Astra Agro Lestari. The isolated nitrogen-fixing bacteria were then tested quantitatively for their ability to fix nitrogen. The bacteria with the highest nitrogen fixing ability were then identified by sequencing their DNA nucleotide bases so that the bacterial strains were identified. The result is that there are 13 bacteria that are able to fix nitrogen with the codes J1, J3, Q5, L1, L11, J31, D1, M6, M5, R1, P2, J4 and C7. The quantitative test shows that bacteria with code D1 are the best at fixing nitrogen in the form of NH4, namely 0.27 ppm. The results of D1 bacterial DNA nucleotide base sequencing showed that the putitive Bacillus aerius strain 24K with identical values ​​and query cover reach    

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