Effect of sowing depth on plant establishment, tillering capacity and other agronomic characters of cereals

1977 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Hadjichristodoulou ◽  
Athena Della ◽  
J. Photiades
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Clay Soils ◽  
Plant Establishment ◽  
Agronomic Characters ◽  
Plant Vigour ◽  
Sowing Depth ◽  
Established Plant

SummaryIn field trials conducted over 8 years the effect of sowing depth on plant establishment, tillering capacity, plant height, grain yield, top growth weight and patterns of root development of wheat and barley was studied. Establishment, number of grainbearing tillers per established plant, plant height at maturity and grain yield and top growth weight per plot as well as per plant were reduced with increase in sowing depth from 2 to 20 cm. Seedling emergence started earlier from large seeds and from shallow sowing. Establishment from large seeds of two varieties was better, especially for deep sowing and in clay soils. Several patterns of root and tiller development were observed at various sowing depths. Varietal differences in stand establishment under field conditions were not related to plant height. It was concluded that deep sowing beyond around 10 cm should be avoided because stand and plant vigour are adversely affected.

Growth, development and yield of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) in the lowland tropics: 4. Effect of sowing depth

1983 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 435-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. O. Tayo
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Plant Establishment ◽  
Sowing Depth ◽  
Tropical Conditions ◽  
Pea Seeds ◽  
Growth Development ◽  
Better Than

SUMMARYThe seeds of a dwarf variety of pigeon pea (cv. Cita-1) were sown at 2, 4, 6 or 8 cm depths in three field trials in 1981 and 1982, in order to evaluate the effect of sowing depth on seedling emergence and the subsequent growth, development and yield of the crop.In all trials, sowing pigeon-pea seeds deeper than 4 cm led to 1–2 days delay in seedling emergence, resulted in only 40–68% seedling emergence, reduced the development of the various growth and yield characters of the plant and significantly reduced seed yield. In two trials, plants from 4 cm sowing performed better than those from 2cm sowing in terms of development of growth and yield characters indicating that shallow sowing of pigeon pea prevents rapid and proper plant establishment.The results therefore indicate that the optimum sowing depth for pigeon pea is 4 cm under the prevailing lowland humid tropical conditions.

Appropriate Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilizer Regime for Sunflower (Helianthus Annuus L.) In the Humid Tropics

Helia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (70) ◽  
pp. 111-125
Author(s):  
E. Akpojotor ◽  
V.I.O. Olowe ◽  
C. Adejuyigbe ◽  
S.O. Adigbo
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Humid Tropics ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
P Fertilizer

AbstractTwo field trials were conducted on the Research Farm of the Institute of Food Security, Environmental Resources and Agricultural Research, Nigeria during the late cropping seasons (Jun.–Nov.) of 2014 and 2015 to evaluate the agronomic performance of four recently released sunflower varieties (SAMSUN-1, SMASUN-2, SAMSUN-3 and SAMSUN-4) to three fertilizer regimes: Control, Split application of 30 kg N + 28 kg P2O5 at 21 days after sowing (DAS) and at anthesis and Single application of 60 kg N and 56 kg P2O5 at 21DAS. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design using a 3 × 4 factorial arrangement and replicated three times. Data were collected on phenology, plant height, seed yield and yield attributes, and quality. The varietal effect was only significant in 2015 for head weight, a number of achene per head and 100 achene weight. Application of N and P fertilizer either as split or single significantly (P ≤ 0.05; F-test) enhanced plant height at R5 and R9, 100 achene weight, achene weight per head and grain yield in both years. Single application resulted in significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher grain yield in 2014 than the split and control and was on par with a split. Significant variety × fertilizer regime was recorded for protein content in 2014 and 2015, and oil content in 2015. Therefore, a single application of N and P fertilizers at 21 WAS is recommended for adoption in the humid tropics to enhance seed and oil production of SAMSUN-3 and SAMSUN-4.

scholarly journals VARIABILITY AND CORRELATION OF AGRONOMIC CHARACTERS OF MUNGBEAN GERMPLASM AND THEIR UTILIZATION FOR VARIETY IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM Lukman Hakim

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukman Hakim
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Path Coefficient ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Agronomic Characters ◽  
Improvement Program

Information on the variability and correlation between agronomic characters of mungbean accessions with their yield are important for supporting breeding program of the plant. A total of 350 mungbean accessions were evaluated at Muara Experimental Farm, Indonesian Center for Food Crops Research and Development, Bogor, during the dry season of 2005. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized block design with three replications. Each accession was planted in two rows of 5 m long. Plant spacing was 40 cm x 20 cm, two plants per hill. Correlation and path coefficient analyses were used to quantify<br />the magnitude of the relationship between yield components and grain yield. The variability among the accessions was significant for most of the characters studied, especially for days to maturity, plant height, pods per plant, and seed size. Among the yield components, the number of pods per plant and plant height positively correlated with the grain yield, but the<br />seed size negatively correlated with grain yield. The direct effects of the number of pods per plant and plant height on seed yield as indicated by path coefficient were the highest, while other causal effects were small or negative. Yield variation (1- R2) attributable to the nine yield component variables was slightly high (61.23%), which means that mungbean accessions with high grain yield should have sufficient plant height and high number of pods per plant. Therefore, these parameters (number of pods per plant and plant height) can be used as the selection criteria in mungbean breeding program. These criteria can be visualized during bulk selection on the early generation stage of F2 to F4, and subsequently on line development of individual plant (pedigree) of F5.

scholarly journals Path Analysis in Soybean Cultivars Grown under Foliar Spraying and Furrow Inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Alan Mario Zuffo ◽  
Joacir Mario Zuffo Júnior ◽  
Wéverson Lima Fonseca ◽  
Everton Vinicius Zambiazzi ◽  
Augusto Matias de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Path Analysis ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Azospirillum Brasilense ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soybean Plant ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Established Plant ◽  
Part Plant

The objective of this study was to evaluate, through path analysis, the influence of agronomic characters as a function of foliar spraying and furrow inoculation by Azospirillum brasilense on soybean yield. Two experiments were conducted in the crop years of 2013/14 and 2014/15, grown in Lavras, Minas Gerais. In the first experiment, the experimental design was a randomized block in a factorial 4 × 6, four cultivars (Anta 82 RR®, BRS Favorita RR®, BRS 780 RR®, BRS 820 RR®) and six doses of A. brasilense (0, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700 mL ha-1), with three replications. In the second experiment, the experimental design was a randomized block design, arranged in a 4 × 2 factorial scheme, four cultivars (Anta 82 RR®, BRS Favorita RR®, BRS 780 RR®, BRS 820 RR®) and two treatments with A. brasilense (inoculated and non-inoculated) with three replications. For both experiments, it was established plant height, phytomass of the aerial part, plant height at harvest, first legume insertion, number of legumes, number of grains per legume, mass of one thousand grains and grain yield. In the study with foliar spraying of soybean with A. brasilense, plant height at harvest was the only variable that had a direct effect on soybean grain yield. As such, in the study with furrow inoculation of A. brasilense in soybean, plant height at harvest and number of vegetables were the variables with the greatest direct effects on soybean grain yield.

scholarly journals Inheritance of Some Agronomic Characters and Rusts Resistance in Fifteen F2 Wheat Populations

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-28
Author(s):  
M.A.H. Darwish ◽  
W.Z.E Farhat ◽  
A. El Sabagh
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Genetic Background ◽  
Transgressive Segregation ◽  
Broad Sense ◽  
Agronomic Characters ◽  
Different Genetic Background

Abstract Six parents, i.e. Gemmeiza 9, Sids 12, Misr 1, Misr 2, Sids 1 and Sham 4, were used and evaluated with corresponding 15 F2 crosses. The parents in each cross were significantly different for most of these characters, revealing the different genetic background of the parents involved. The phenotypic variances in the F2 crosses were differed significantly from the environmental variances in the corresponding parents in most cases. The parents Gemmeiza 9, Sids 12, Misr 1, Misr 2 were resistant for leaf rust and Gemmeiza 9, Sids 12 and Sids 1 were resistant to stem rust. Among the crosses, three crosses, i.e. Misr 2 x Sids 1, Misr 1 x Sids 1 and Gemmeiza 9 x Sids 1 gave the highest grain yield. The means of F2 hybrids were higher than the means of the parents for most studied characters. The ranges of the F2 values went out the ranges of the two parents in most cases, exhibiting transgressive segregation. Most characters showed moderate to high values of broad sense heritabilities. The studied plants in the F2 ‘s crosses segregated and gave ratios fitted the ratios 9:7, 9:7, 3:1, 1:3, 13:3 and 3:13 for leaf rust and 9:7, 7: 9, 3:1, 1:3, 3:13 and 1:15 for stem rust with insignificant χ2 values, indicating that the resistant parents for leaf and stem rusts had one or two genes and were complimentary dominance, recessive or independent in their expressions. Based on the resistance to leaf and stem rusts, suitable plant height (90-110 cm) and grain yield higher than the highest parent, 8-17 plants were selected from seven crosses.

scholarly journals SILICON FERTILIZATION AND SEED MICROBIOLIZATION ON DISEASE SEVERITY AND AGRONOMIC PERFORMANCE OF UPLAND RICE

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 126-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
IVANEIDE DE OLIVEIRA NASCIMENTO ◽  
ANTÔNIA ALICE COSTA RODRIGUES ◽  
HEDER BRAUN ◽  
CEALIA CRISTINE SANTOS ◽  
ARICLÉIA DE MORAES CATARINO
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Soil Fertilization ◽  
Leaf Scald ◽  
Silicon Fertilization ◽  
Rice Seeds

ABSTRACT Rice is one of the world’s most consumed cereals, however, its production is affected by fungal diseases. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the severity of diseases and grain yield potential of upland rice with silicon fertilization combined with seed microbiolization with Bacillus methylotrophicus isolates. Two experiments were conducted, one in Igarapé do Meio, Maranhão (MA), Brazil, with rice seeds of the variety Palha-Murcha and one in São Bento MA with rice seeds of the variety BRS-Primavera. A randomized block experimental design in a split-plot arrangement with five replications were used in both experiments, with agro-silicon rates (0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0 and 6.0 Mg ha-1) in the plots and microbiolized and non-microbiolized rice seeds with B. Methylotrophicus at concentration of 108 CFU ml-1 in the subplots. The seedling emergence, grain yield, number of panicles, plant height, plant dry weight and severity of brown leafspot, leaf scald and grain spot were evaluated. Soil fertilization with agro-silicon affected positively the plant height of the variety Palha-Murcha and the number of panicles, plant dry weight and grain yield of the variety BRS-Primavera, and negatively the germination of the variety BRS-Primavera. Leaf scald severity in the variety BRS-Primavera reduced with microbiolized seeds with B. methylotropicus. Microbiolization with B. methylotropicus had no effect on severity of brown leafspot and grain spot in the varieties evaluated.

scholarly journals ANALISIS RAGAM GENETIK, HERITABILITAS, DAN SIDIK LINTAS KARAKTER AGRONOMIK JAGUNG HIBRIDA SILANG TUNGGAL

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Slamet Bambang Priyanto ◽  
Muhammad Azrai ◽  
Muhammad Syakir
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Agronomic Characters ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Plant Breeding Program ◽  
Ear Height

The success of selection in plant breeding program is determined by genetic variabiliities, heritability values and the correlation between agronomic characters and yield. The study aims to determine the genetic variability, heritability and the effec of agronomic characters to grain yield. The experiment was conducted in February to May 2016 in Grobogan, Central Java. The experiment consists of twelve genotypes of maize hybrids, arranged in a randomized block design with three replications. The characters observed were plant height, ear height, number of harvested ear, shelling percentage, moisture content of grain harvested, weight of 100 grains, ear length, ear diameter, number of rows per ear, number of seeds per row per ear, and grain yields. The results showed that the genetic variability of agronomic characters was broad, except ear diameter. Almost all of the heritability values of yield components were high, except harvested ear weight and ear diameter. The characters of plant height, ear height and as the genotypic gave high of a direct effect on the yield higher, while direct effect of the phenotypic character of ear hairves on grain yield are higher.

The effect of inoculum distribution and sowing depth on Pleiochaeta root rot of lupins

1991 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 121 ◽  
Author(s):  
MW Sweetingham
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Sowing Depth ◽  
History Of

In paddocks with a history of previous lupin cultivation, propagules of the fungus Pleiochaeta setosa are most concentrated in the top 2 cm of soil and rapidly decline to zero at the base of the tillage layer (10-14 cm). The severity of Pleiochaeta root rot is greatly reduced as sowing depth increases, due to avoidance of the concentrated surface soil borne inoculum. Hypocotyls are not infected by P. setosa, enabling disease escape. In four field trials over three seasons, optimum establishment and grain yield occurred at sowing depths close to 5 cm, deeper than previously recommended for lupins in Western Australia.

Effects of fungicide, seeding date and seedling age on clubroot severity, seedling emergence and yield of canola

2012 ◽  
Vol 92 (6) ◽  
pp. 1175-1186 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. F. Hwang ◽  
T. Cao ◽  
Q. Xiao ◽  
H. U. Ahmed ◽  
V. P. Manolii ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Plasmodiophora Brassicae ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Susceptible Cultivar ◽  
Clubroot Disease ◽  
Seedling Age ◽  
Seeding Date

Hwang, S. F., Cao, T., Xiao, Q., Ahmed, H. U., Manolii, V. P., Turnbull, G. D., Gossen, B. D., Peng, G. and Strelkov, S. E. 2012. Effects of fungicide, seeding date and seedling age on clubroot severity, seedling emergence and yield of canola. Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 1175–1186. The infestation of seeds by Plasmodiophora brassicae can result in the transmission of clubroot disease in canola. Five fungicides, including Dynasty 100 FS (azoxystrobin), Helix Xtra (thiamethoxam+difenoconazole+metataxyl+fludioxonil), NebijinTM 5SC (flusulfamide), Prosper FX (clothianidin+carbathiin+trifloxystrobin+metalaxyl), and Vitavax RS (carbathiin+thiram), were evaluated under greenhouse conditions using artificially infested canola seeds for their efficacy in eliminating seed-borne inoculum. All of the fungicides significantly reduced clubroot relative to the non-treated control, but NebijinTM 5SC and Dynasty 100 FS were the most effective. However, in field trials with Cruiser 5 FS (thiamethoxam), Helix Xtra, Dynasty, Prosper and Sedaxane (pyrazole anilide) applied alone or as a mixture, none of the treatments reduced clubroot severity or improved seedling emergence or yield compared with the insecticidal control (Cruiser 5 FS) in the susceptible cultivar. Clubroot severity was lower in early-seeded canola compared with the late-seeded crops in 2 site-years. The younger seedlings had greater disease severity and reduced plant height and yield than did older seedlings in both resistant and susceptible canola cultivars. We conclude that a combination of approaches including seed treatments and manipulation of seeding dates in conjunction with deployment of resistant cultivars is necessary for the sustainable management of clubroot in canola.

scholarly journals VARIABILITY AND CORRELATION OF AGRONOMIC CHARACTERS OF MUNGBEAN GERMPLASM AND THEIR UTILIZATION FOR VARIETY IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM Lukman Hakim

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukman Hakim
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Path Coefficient ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Agronomic Characters ◽  
Improvement Program

Information on the variability and correlation between agronomic characters of mungbean accessions with their yield are important for supporting breeding program of the plant. A total of 350 mungbean accessions were evaluated at Muara Experimental Farm, Indonesian Center for Food Crops Research and Development, Bogor, during the dry season of 2005. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized block design with three replications. Each accession was planted in two rows of 5 m long. Plant spacing was 40 cm x 20 cm, two plants per hill. Correlation and path coefficient analyses were used to quantify<br />the magnitude of the relationship between yield components and grain yield. The variability among the accessions was significant for most of the characters studied, especially for days to maturity, plant height, pods per plant, and seed size. Among the yield components, the number of pods per plant and plant height positively correlated with the grain yield, but the<br />seed size negatively correlated with grain yield. The direct effects of the number of pods per plant and plant height on seed yield as indicated by path coefficient were the highest, while other causal effects were small or negative. Yield variation (1- R2) attributable to the nine yield component variables was slightly high (61.23%), which means that mungbean accessions with high grain yield should have sufficient plant height and high number of pods per plant. Therefore, these parameters (number of pods per plant and plant height) can be used as the selection criteria in mungbean breeding program. These criteria can be visualized during bulk selection on the early generation stage of F2 to F4, and subsequently on line development of individual plant (pedigree) of F5.

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