Growth And Development Of Indeterminate Bush And Climbing Cultivars of Phaseolus vulgaris L. Inoculated with Rhizobium

SUMMARYTwenty cultivars of P. vulgaris differing in growth habit, and inoculated with an efficient strain of R. phaseoli, were sampled weekly in the period 22—99 days after planting. Acetylene reduction and specific nodule activity were similar to or better than those reported for other grain legumes, and were higher than achieved by a soya-bean cultivar. Though the period of active fixation was limited, nitrogen gains estimated at 25—30 kg/ha/growing cycle were obtained. Climbing beans were superior to bush beans in acetylene reduction and specific nodule activity, but differed little in nodule development. Two varieties, Cargamanto and Sangretoro, were outstanding in fixation. Differences between varieties in nodule to root ratio, and in rate of N accumulation in the leaves were shown. Both groups of plants stored appreciable starch in the stem after flowering. The results are related to the need for N fertilization in Latin America.

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Plant and nodule development and nitrogen fixation in climbing cultivars of Phaseolus vulgaris L. grown in monoculture, or associated with Zea mays L.

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600055398 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 90 (2) ◽

pp. 311-317 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

P. H. Graham ◽

J. C. Rosas

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Fixation ◽

Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽

Plant Development ◽

Zea Mays L ◽

Nodule Development ◽

Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Bean Cultivar ◽

Maize Populations ◽

Slight Inhibition

SummaryPlant and nodule development and nitrogen fixation were studied in two climbing cultivars of Phaseolus vulgaris, grown in monoculture, or associated with two maize populations differing in growth characteristics.Bean cultivar P590 showed similar plant and pod fresh weight development in monoculture and when associated with a vigorous landrace maize, interspecific competition becoming significant only 92 days after planting. Nitrogen (C2H2) fixation in this cultivar was greatest 68 days after planting and declined rapidly thereafter, showing no significant differences between monoculture and associated plantings. When the bean cultivar P526 was associated with the landrace maize, plant development was depressed as early as 50 days after planting. While slight inhibition of nitrogen fixation, specific nodule activity (SNA) and nodule carbohydrate content was also observed at this time, it could not be concluded that such inhibition was definitely due to the associated planting.Association with an improved maize, amarillo subtropical, did not affect plant development in P590 but did decrease growth of P526 at the 80 and 92 day harvests.

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AC Skipper navy Bean

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps96-089 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 76 (3) ◽

pp. 487-489

Author(s):

G. Saindon ◽

H. C. Huang ◽

H.-H. Mündel ◽

G. C. Kozub

Keyword(s):

Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽

Growth Habit ◽

Research Centre ◽

Western Canada ◽

Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽

Navy Bean ◽

Early Maturity ◽

Bean Cultivar ◽

Early Maturing ◽

Cultivar Description

AC Skipper is an early-maturing navy bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivar with good canning characteristics. It was developed at the Lethbridge Research Centre from a complex three-way cross of Kentwood, Swan Valley and Redkloud. AC Skipper has a short determinate bush growth habit, matures almost 3 d before OAC Seaforth, and is adapted to all bean growing regions of western Canada. Key words:Phaseolus vulgaris, navy bean, cultivar description, early maturity

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Identification of anthracnose races in Manitoba and Ontario from 2005 to 2015 and their reactions on Ontario dry bean cultivars

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.1139/cjps-2019-0003 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 100 (1) ◽

pp. 40-55 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Robert L. Conner ◽

Greg J. Boland ◽

Chris L. Gillard ◽

Yongyan Chen ◽

Xuechan Shan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Durable Resistance ◽

Colletotrichum Lindemuthianum ◽

Frequency Of Occurrence ◽

Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽

Dry Bean ◽

Bean Cultivar ◽

New Information ◽

The World ◽

New Races ◽

Resistance Spectrum

Anthracnose, caused by the fungus Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Sacc. & Magnus) Briosi & Cavara, is one of the most destructive diseases of dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in the world. Between 2005 and 2015, commercial fields of dry beans in Manitoba and Ontario were surveyed to determine the frequency of occurrence of races of the anthracnose fungus. Throughout the study, race 73 was most prevalent in Manitoba and Ontario. However, three anthracnose races not previously reported in Canada also were identified. These three new races and four previously identified anthracnose races were used to screen 52 dry bean cultivars, as well as a mung bean and azuki bean cultivar from Ontario, for their seedling reactions to determine their patterns of race resistance. The dry bean cultivars were classified into a total of 19 resistance spectra based on the pattern of seedling reactions to the seven anthracnose races. The most common resistance spectrum was susceptible to the majority of the anthracnose races and no cultivar was resistant to all of the races. Many bean cultivars produced intermediate anthracnose ratings to races 31 and 105 and tests of 16 dry bean cultivars against those races indicated that all cultivars with intermediate ratings to a specific race were segregating in their seedling reactions and none of the cultivars produced plants with only intermediate anthracnose severity ratings. This study provides new information on the anthracnose reactions of common bean cultivars in Canada, which should be useful for the development of new bean cultivars with durable resistance.

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Genetics of growth habit in horse gram (Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam.)Verdc.)

10.21203/rs.3.rs-369047/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Basalapura Rangegowda Chandana ◽

Sampangi Ramesh ◽

Gonal Basanagouda ◽

Rotti Kirankumar ◽

Kyasampalli Venkatesh Reddy Ashwini

Keyword(s):

Goodness Of Fit ◽

Growth Habit ◽

Production Systems ◽

Grain Legumes ◽

Selection Strategy ◽

Horse Gram ◽

Macrotyloma Uniflorum ◽

Determinate Growth ◽

Determinate Growth Habit ◽

Growth Habits

Abstract Growth habit is a plant architectural trait in grain legumes with no exception of horse gram. Determinacy and indeterminacy are the two types of growth habits reported in horse gram. Relative advantages of the two types of growth habit depend on the production systems to which cultivars are targeted. Dependable information on genetics of growth habit provide clues for adopting the most appropriate selection strategy to breed high yielding horse gram varieties with desired growth habit. Taking cues from the past studies, we hypothesize that growth habit in horse gram is controlled by two genes displaying inhibitory epistasis and indeterminacy is dominant over determinacy. To test this hypothesis, we monitored the inheritance of growth habit in F1, F2 and F3 generations derived from two crosses involving parents differing for growth habit. Contrary to our hypothesis, determinate growth habit of F1s of both the crosses suggested dominance of determinacy over indeterminacy. A good fit of observed segregation of F2 plants to that of the hypothesized segregation in the ratio of 13 determinate: 3 indeterminate plants, besides confirming dominance of determinacy, suggested classical digenic inhibitory epistatic control of growth habit. These results were further confirmed in F3 generation based on goodness of fit between observed numbers of plants segregating for determinacy and indeterminacy and those expected in the ratio of 49 determinate: 15 indeterminate plants. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the inheritance of growth habit in horse gram.

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Dynamics of nitrogen and dry-matter partitioning and accumulation in broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) in relation to extractable soil inorganic nitrogen

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/p98-056 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 79 (2) ◽

pp. 277-286 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

P. A. Bowen ◽

B. J. Zebarth ◽

P. M. A. Toivonen

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

N Fertilization ◽

N Fertilizer ◽

Organic N ◽

Soil N ◽

Inorganic N ◽

N Accumulation ◽

Spring Planting ◽

Extractable Soil ◽

Soil Inorganic

The effects of six rates of N fertilization (0, 125, 250, 375, 500 and 625 kg N ha−1) on the dynamics of N utilization relative to extractable inorganic N in the soil profile were determined for broccoli in three growing seasons. The amount of pre-existing extractable inorganic N in the soil was lowest for the spring planting, followed by the early-summer then late-summer plantings. During the first 2 wk after transplanting, plant dry-matter (DM) and N accumulation rates were low, and because of the mineralization of soil organic N the extractable soil inorganic N increased over that added as fertilizer, especially in the top 30 cm. From 4 wk after transplanting until harvest, DM and N accumulation in the plants was rapid and corresponded to a rapid depletion of extractable inorganic N from the soil. At high N-fertilization rates, leaf and stem DM and N accumulations at harvest were similar among the three plantings. However, the rates of accumulation in the two summer plantings were higher before and lower after inflorescence initiation than those in the spring planting. Under N treatments of 0 and 125 kg ha−1, total N in leaf tissue and the rate of leaf DM accumulation decreased while inflorescences developed. There was little extractable inorganic soil-N during inflorescence development in plots receiving no N fertilizer, yet inflorescence dry weights and N contents were ≥50 and ≥30%, respectively, of the maxima achieved with N fertilization. These results indicate that substantial N is translocated from leaves to support broccoli inflorescence growth under conditions of low soil-N availability. Key words: N translocation, N fertilizer

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Influence of plant density and growth habit of common bean on leaf area development and N accumulation

Journal of Crop Improvement ◽

10.1080/15427528.2019.1644694 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 33 (5) ◽

pp. 620-632

Author(s):

José A. Clavijo Michelangeli ◽

Jaumer Ricaurte ◽

Thomas R. Sinclair ◽

Idupulapati M. Rao ◽

Stephen E. Beebe

Keyword(s):

Common Bean ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Plant Density ◽

Growth Habit ◽

N Accumulation ◽

Area Development ◽

Leaf Area Development

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AAC Whitehorse great northern dry bean

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps-2014-247 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 95 (1) ◽

pp. 175-177

Author(s):

P. M. Balasubramanian ◽

H.-H. Mündel ◽

S. Chatterton ◽

R. L. Conner ◽

A. Hou

Keyword(s):

Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽

Seed Size ◽

Growth Habit ◽

Field Resistance ◽

Research Centre ◽

Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽

Dry Bean ◽

Large Seed ◽

White Mould ◽

Early Maturing

Balasubramanian, P., Mündel, H.-H., Chatterton, S., Conner, R. L. and Hou, A. 2015. AAC Whitehorse great northern dry bean. Can. J. Plant Sci. 95: 175–177. AAC Whitehorse is a high-yielding, early-maturing great northern bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivar with an upright, indeterminate bush growth habit, large seed size and partial field resistance to white mould. AAC Whitehorse was developed at the Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC) Research Centre, Lethbridge, AB. AAC Whitehorse is suitable for irrigated wide row production in Alberta and Saskatchewan.

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Understanding growth and development of three short-season grain legumes for improved adaptation in semi-arid Eastern Kenya

Crop and Pasture Science ◽

10.1071/cp16416 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 68 (5) ◽

pp. 442 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

A. Sennhenn ◽

D. M. G. Njarui ◽

B. L. Maass ◽

A. M. Whitbread

Keyword(s):

Resource Use ◽

Growth Habit ◽

Farming Systems ◽

Grain Legumes ◽

Resource Use Efficiency ◽

Growing Period ◽

Plant Densities ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

Short Season ◽

Semi Arid

Short-season grain legumes play an important role in smallholder farming systems as source of food and to improve soil fertility through nitrogen fixation. However, it is not clearly understood how these diverse legumes contribute to the resilience of such systems in semi-arid environments. We describe the growth, development and resource-use efficiency (focusing on radiation, RUE) of three promising short-season grain legumes: common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) and lablab (Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet). Two field experiments were conducted during the short rains of 2012–13 and 2013–14 in Eastern Kenya. In the first experiment, the legumes were grown at three plant densities (low, medium, high); in the second experiment, they were subjected to three water regimes (rainfed, partly irrigated, fully irrigated). Phenological development was monitored and biomass accumulation, leaf area index and fractional radiation interception were measured repeatedly during growth; grain yield was measured at maturity. Harvest index and RUE were calculated from these data. Common bean had the shortest growing period (70 days), the most compact growth habit and relatively high RUE but limited grain yield (1000–1900 kg ha–1), thereby proving more suitable for cultivation in areas with restricted cropping windows or in intercropping systems. Cowpea had a longer growing period (90 days) and a spreading growth habit leading to high light interception and outstanding grain yields under optimal conditions (1400–3050 kg ha–1). Lablab showed stable RUE values (0.76–0.92 g MJ–1), was relatively unaffected by limited water availability and had a comparatively long growing period (100 days). Lablab grain yields of ~1200–2350 kg ha–1 were obtained across all water regimes, indicating a high potential to cushion climatic variability. Planting density strongly influenced the production success of cowpea and lablab, with high plant densities leading to vigorous growth habit with low podset establishment. Such information on temporal and spatial differences in growth, development and resource-use efficiency is highly valuable for crop-modelling applications and for designing more resilient farming systems with short-season grain legumes.

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