Field studies on leaching behaviour of a highly saline-sodic soil under two modes of water application in the presence of crops

1981 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 383-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. S. Dahiya ◽  
R. S. Malik ◽  
Maharaj Singh
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Equation ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Water Application ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Leaching Behaviour ◽  
Leaching Efficiency ◽  
Different Growth Stages

SummaryThe leaching behaviour of a highly saline-sodic, moderately permeable, sandy-loam soil was evaluated under continuous and intermittent submergence conditions in a longterm field study in the presence of rice and subsequent wheat and sesbania crops. Leaching curves with respect to both desalinization and desodification showed that leaching efficiency was considerably higher with intermittent than with continuous submergence. The curves were useful in determining the amount of leaching water needed for a given mode of water application to reduce harmful levels of salinity and sodicity to acceptable ones. Empirical equations were determined to fit the experimental data. Their comparison with another empirical equation from published bare-field data of this site showed that leaching efficiency under crops was higher than under fallow. From the desodification leaching curve, it is concluded that in reclamation of these soils there is no need of the application of any amendment like gypsum. The soil salinity and sodicity data recorded at different growth stages and crop yields showed that leaching during the rice growing season, under intermittent submergence without previous leaching, decreased salinity and sodicity throughout the top 100 cm of the soil to levels safe for the successful cultivation of rice and subsequently the relatively deep-rooted crops of wheat and sesbania.

Desodification of a salt-affected soil in plots of various sizes under two modes of water application

1987 ◽  
Vol 108 (2) ◽  
pp. 453-458
Author(s):  
I. S. Dahiya ◽  
K. S. Grewal ◽  
D. J. Dahiya
Keyword(s):  
Water Table ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Water Application ◽  
Exchangeable Sodium ◽  
Soluble Salts ◽  
Plot Size ◽  
Sodium Calcium ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Calcium And Magnesium ◽  
Leaching Efficiency

SummaryDesodification of a highly saline-sodic, permeable, sandy loam soil was accomplished in 2 × 2 m (S1), 4 × 4 m (S2) and 6 × 6 m (S3) plots under continuous and intermittent ponding. The soil contained large amounts of soluble salts and exchangeable sodium throughout the profile to the water table. The chief salts were chlorides and sulphates of sodium, calcium, and magnesium. The leaching curves with respect to desodification did not differ significantly between the S1, S2 and S3 plots under continuous ponding but did under intermittent ponding. With intermittent ponding, the efficiency of leaching exchangeable sodium in the S1 plots was very significantly higher than that in the S2 and S3 plots, i.e. the leaching efficiency decreased sharply with increased plot size. The leaching efficiency in the S1 plots was significantly greater with intermittent than with continuous ponding, but the reverse was true in the S2 and S3 plots. The results further indicated that there is no need to apply an amendment such as gypsum, mainly because calcium and magnesium present in such soils are adequate to replace the initially high exchangeable sodium during leaching. The displacement of exchangeable sodium in the S1 plots under intermittent ponding was nearly piston-like. With increased plot size, it tended to deviate from this behaviour. It is concluded that under practical situations in which reclamation is accomplished in large plots, the practice of leaching the saline constituents with intermittent ponding would be less effective. Thus, leaching of salts down into the soil with a single heavy irrigation would be more desirable.

Effect of Tillage and Application Method on Corn (Zea mays) Response to Imidazolinone Residues in Soil

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen A. Renner ◽  
Oliver Schabenberger ◽  
James J. Kells
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Soil Cores ◽  
Application Method ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Moldboard Plow

Field studies on a sandy loam soil determined the influence of application method and rate and subsequent tillage on corn response to imazaquin and imazethapyr residues remaining in the soil. Imazaquin was applied preplant incorporated (PPI) and preemergence (PRE) at 70, 140, and 280 g ai/ha and postemergence (POST) at 70 and 140 g/ha. Imazethapyr was applied PPI and PRE at 70, 105, and 140 g ai/ha and POST at 70 and 105 g/ha. Subsequent tillage included fall moldboard plowing followed by spring field cultivation, fall chisel plowing followed by spring field cultivation, and no tillage. Herbicide dissipation was determined by analyzing soil cores taken in the spring at the time of corn planting and by measuring corn height and grain yield. Imidazolinone residues were detected in only 1 of 2 yr. Imazaquin was detected more frequently than imazethapyr. Imazaquin concentrations in the upper 10 cm of soil 11 mo after a PPI application of 280 g/ha were 5, 6, and 7 ng/g of soil in moldboard plow, chisel, and no-tillage systems, respectively. Imazaquin (5 ng/g) was also detected in the 10–18-cm soil depth in the moldboard plow system. Corn height and grain yield were not reduced from imazaquin or imazethapyr, regardless of application method or rate in any tillage system.

scholarly journals Fly Ash and Composted Biosolids as a Source of Fe for Hybrid Poplar: A Greenhouse Study

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Lombard ◽  
Mick O'Neill ◽  
April Ulery ◽  
John Mexal ◽  
Blake Onken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
New Mexico ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Hybrid Poplar ◽  
Treated Soil ◽  
Greenhouse Study ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Urea Ammonium Nitrate

Soils of northwest New Mexico have an elevated pH and CaCO3content that reduces Fe solubility, causes chlorosis, and reduces crop yields. Could biosolids and fly ash, enriched with Fe, provide safe alternatives to expensive Fe EDDHA (sodium ferric ethylenediamine di-(o-hydroxyphenyl-acetate)) fertilizers applied toPopulushybrid plots? Hybrid OP-367 was cultivated on a Doak sandy loam soil amended with composted biosolids or fly ash at three agricultural rates. Fly ash and Fe EDDHA treatments received urea ammonium nitrate (UAN), biosolids, enriched with N, did not. Both amendments improved soil and plant Fe. Heavy metals were below EPA regulations, but high B levels were noted in leaves of trees treated at the highest fly ash rate. pH increased in fly ash soil while salinity increased in biosolids-treated soil. Chlorosis rankings improved in poplars amended with both byproducts, although composted biosolids offered the most potential at improving Fe/tree growth cheaply without the need for synthetic inputs.

scholarly journals Application of Two Microbial Teas Did Not Affect Collard or Spinach Yield

HortScience ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon J.B. Knewtson ◽  
Jason J. Griffin ◽  
Edward E. Carey
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
Spinacia Oleracea ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Soil Microbial Activity ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Nutrient Additions ◽  
Fertility Treatments ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Collard Green

Microbial tea from a commercial source and a homemade manure tea were evaluated for 2 years under organic and conventional fertility regimens. Testing with different fertility regimens allowed broader assessment of tea efficacy. Collard green (Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala cv. Top Bunch) yield and soil microbial activity were measured after microbial tea applications were made in three fertility treatments (conventional, organic, or no fertilizer amendment) on a previously unfertilized sandy loam soil. Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L. cv. Hellcat) and collard green yields were determined after commercial microbial tea application to a silt loam soil previously managed with organic or conventional vegetable crops in open fields and under high tunnels. Results indicated that nutrient additions influenced crop yields, even doubling yield. This demonstrated that improved nutrient availability would affect yield at the chosen locations. However, microbial tea applications did not affect crop yield. These results did not support the hypothesis that microbial tea improves plant nutrient uptake. Additionally, soil microbial respiration and biomass were unaffected after two or three tea applications.

Mow-kill Regulation of Winter Cereals for Spring No-till Crop Production

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik D. Wilkins ◽  
Robin R. Bellinder
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Winter Cereals ◽  
No Till ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Different Growth Stages

Field studies determined the influence of developmental stage on mow-killing of winter wheat and rye. Both crops were clipped at either three or four different growth stages in 1992 and 1993. When mowed at first node, wheat biomass was 4350 and 1970 kg/ha in 1992 and 1993, respectively. At this stage, primary tiller apices were below 10 cm and regrowth was vigorous. Mowing prior to 75% heading consistently yielded more than 1000 kg/ha regrowth 8 wk later. Wheat cut after flowering produced 15 460 and 9160 kg/ha dry matter in 1992 and 1993, respectively, but less than 30 kg/ha total regrowth. At first and second node, rye produced 4440 and 1800 kg/ha biomass in 1992 and 1993. When mowed belore boot, more than 50% of the total rye biomass was due to regrowth. Rye mowed at boot yielded 6940 and 3740 kg/ha in 1992 and 1993 respectively, and regrowth measured 780 and 910 kg/ha 8 wk later. Mowing after flowering resulted in no measurable regrowth. Soil temperature and PAR were affected by mow-kill date and biomass. Biomass at first mowings (first and second node) in both wheat and rye reduced seasonal soil temperatures 3.5 C compared to bare soil temperatures; while biomass at kernal-filling lowered temperatures 6.0 C. Measured 8 wk after mowing, first node mowings absorbed between 55% and 70% PAR, while plants mowed at kernal-filling absorbed less than 5%.

Napropamide Adsorption, Desorption, and Movement in Soils

Weed Science ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 454-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chu-Huang Wu ◽  
Normie Buehring ◽  
J. M. Davidson ◽  
P. W. Santelmann
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Water Application ◽  
Soil Columns ◽  
Carbon 14 ◽  
Muck Soil ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Adsorption Desorption ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Soil columns and soil thin-layer chromatography were used to evaluate the mobility of napropamide [2-(α-naphthoxy)-N,N,-diethylpropionamide] in various soils. The surface-applied herbicide did not move deeper than approximately 6 cm in a Teller sandy loam soil after a water application of 10.2 cm. The Rfvalues for napropamide and two reference herbicides were in the order of fluometuron [1,1-dimethyl-3-(α,α,α-trifluoro-m-tolyl)urea] > napropamide > terbutryn [2-(tert-butylamino)-4-(ethylamino)-6-(methylthio)-s-triazine]. The mobility of each herbicide was reduced with an increase in clay and organic matter content. Carbon-14 ring labeled napropamide was used to determine the adsorption and desorption characteristics of the herbicide in various soils. The Rfvalues obtained with napropamide and each soil agreed with the adsorptive characteristics. Small applications of a muck soil to a sand (2%, w/w) significantly increased herbicide adsorption and decreased herbicide desorption.

Sewage waste water application improves the productivity of diverse wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars on a sandy loam soil

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (17) ◽  
pp. 17045-17054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ijaz ◽  
Abdul Waheed ◽  
Sami Ul-Allah ◽  
Ahmad Nawaz ◽  
Allah Wasaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Water Application ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Sewage Waste

scholarly journals Evaluation of Nutrient Supply, Kinetics, and Prediction of Iron (Fe) Uptake in Iron-deficient Soil using a Mechanistic Model

2020 ◽  
pp. 96-107
Author(s):  
R. Gobinath ◽  
K. P. Patel ◽  
K. V. Ramani ◽  
. Rajkishore ◽  
V. Manasa
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Mechanistic Model ◽  
Solution Concentration ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Root Radius ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Iron Deficient ◽  
Fe Uptake ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Shoot Weight

A pot culture experiment in the factorial completely randomized design (FRCD) was formulated with the three levels of iron (Fe) @ 0, 20 and 40 mg kg-1 in the iron-deficient Typic Ustochrept sandy loam soil at Anand Agricultural University, Gujarat, India to evaluate and predict the iron uptake, nutrient efficiency and its depletion of in the rhizosphere of efficient and in-efficient chick pea cultivars using mechanistic model NST 3.0. The current investigation was carried out with the four chickpea cultivars namely, Fe-efficient (GG-1 and GAG-735) and Fe-inefficient (ICCC-4 and GJG-305). Plant observations were recorded during three different growth stages viz., 20 DAG, 40 DAG and maturity, respectively. The shoot weight and shoot length of Fe-inefficient varieties (ICCC-4 and GJG-305) well responded to the application of Fe as compared to Fe-efficient varieties (GG-1 and GAG-735) with 20 mg Fe Kg-1 application through FeSO4. Lower dose of 20 mg Fe kg-1 was found equally effective in increasing root length and root radius. Root radius (ro) and initial soil solution concentration of Fe (CLi) were found most sensitive parameters influencing Fe uptake, which was followed by maximum net influx (Imax). In no Fe treatment, increasing r0, CLi by a factor of 2.0 times individually caused increase in Fe uptake by 1.60, 1.45 times, 1.36, 1.53 times, 1.16, 1.15 times and 1.05, 1.25 times, respectively in GG-1, GAG-735, ICCC-4 and GJG-305 varieties of chickpea. While, increasing Imax and Km separately by a factor of 2.0 Fe uptake altered in proportions by 1.03, 0.57 times, 0.93, 0.57 times, 0.73, 0.54 times and 0.69 and 0.48 times, respectively in GG-1, GAG-735, ICCC-4 and GJG-305 varieties of chickpea. The ICCC-4 instead of GG-1 and GAG-735 could be rational choice to grow on Fe deficient soil to get with dense Fe content. On the other hand, Fe-Inefficient varieties had 2 times of higher mean Fe-influx at 40 mg Fe kg-1 application than Fe-Efficient varieties.

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