The effect of winter and spring sowing on the grain composition of oat varieties

1974 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Welch
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Grain Composition ◽  
Maturation Period ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Kernel Content ◽  
Spring Sowing ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

SUMMARYSix spring varieties of oats were sown in a glasshouse in winter and in spring. The grain was analysed for oil, protein and kernel content and 1000-grain weight, and the maturation period was measured.Oil content varied from 2·4 to 7·9% and protein content from 7·9 to 16·3%. Varietal differences in oil content between varieties were recognized and these were maintained at both sowing dates.Winter sowing, in comparison with spring sowing, resulted in an increase in oil and kernel content and 1000-grain weight, and a decrease in protein content. The increased oil content was partly due to increased kernel content, while the decrease in protein content was partly due to changes in 1000-grain weight.The maturation period was not affected by sowing date, but was positively correlated with oil content. Oil and protein content were not negatively correlated, and there were indications that it may be possible to select varieties which will produce grain high in both oil and protein.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF QUALITY PROPERTIES OF WINTER RAPESEED DEPENDING ON THE LEVEL OF FERTILIZERS AND SOWING DATE

2020 ◽  
pp. 108-118
Author(s):  
Olha Matsera
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Quality Indicators ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Oil Quality ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Quality Properties ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Winter Rapeseed ◽  
Fertilizer Rates

It is made the comparison estimation of winter rapeseed quality properties depending on the fertilization level and sowing date in this article. The literature on the research problem is elaborated; there are presented the study importance and relevance of growing technology elements influence on the quality properties of winter rapeseed seeds. It is analyzed the results of sowing periods and different rates of mineral fertilizers influence on the quality indicators of winter rapeseed seeds under the conditions of Right-Bank Forest-Steppe in Ukraine. Significant influence of the studied elements of technology on the main indicators of seed quality was noted; it was found that the change in the yield level obtained by the hybrids led to a change in the oil quality indices. Four the most important oil quality indicators were analyzed in this article. They are: acid value, glucosinolates amount, oil and protein contents. They were affected by different fertilizer rates and sowing dates, which were the experiment conditions. So, the lowest acid value – 1.08 provided hybrid Excel, when fertilizer rate was N240P120K24; when sowing dates were analyzed, the lowest indicator – 1.24 was obtained by Exagon hybrid in the first sowing date – 10th of Aug. the correlation between acid value and rapeseed yield was negative and oscillated from r = - 0.9327 to r = - 0.9843; the magnitude of the approximation reliability oscillated in the range of R2 = 0.87 – 0.97, which evidence the strong dependence between indicators. The lowest content of glucosinolates – 12.51 μmol / g had Excel hybrid under the conditions without fertilizers; when sowing dates were analyzed, the lowest indicator 15.06 μmol / g was obtained by Exagon hybrid in the first sowing date – 10th of Aug. The highest oil content had Excel hybrid – 46.27%, it was obtained in variant of N240P120K240. The protein content of each hybrid was increasing with fertilizer rates expansion. So, the highest indicator of it was obtained in the variant where N240P120K240 was used and it was Exagon – 22.10%. The highest protein content – 21.13% was obtained by Excel hybrid in the second sowing date – the 21st of Aug. when sowing dates were analyzed, and the highest oil content – 46.75% were obtained by Excel hybrid in the third sowing date – 5th of Sept. Key words: winter rapeseed, sowing dates, fertilizers, acid value, glucosinolates amount, oil and protein contents.

scholarly journals Zawartość olejku w różnych fazach dojrzałości owoców kminku di- i tetraploidalnego – Carum carvi L. [Content of oil in different stages of ripen fruits of diploid and tetraploid cumin, Carum carvi L.]

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadeusz Zderkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Oil Content ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Carum Carvi ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Ripe Stage ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

In the period 1967-1968 the influence of the stage of ripeness of fruits of diand triploid cumin on the oil content was investigated. The quantity and quality of the oil was found to improve with ripeness. The highest 1000-grain weight fell to the milk ripe stage, and then decreased with advancing ripeness. The highest oil content was noted in fruits harvested in the milk and dough stages. Comparison of the physico-chemical constants of the oil at both stages with the standards of Polish Pharmacopeia III showed it to meet all requirements.

Effect of sowing date on the yield and quality of maize hybrids with different growing seasons

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 389-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Nagy
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Grain Protein Content ◽  
Water Supplies ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Late Sowing

The yield, protein and starch content of Martonvásár maize hybrids belonging to different FAO groups were examined in experiments involving early, optimal and late sowing dates in two different years (drought — 2007, favourable water supplies — 2008) on a calcareous chernozem soil with loam texture at the Látókép Experimental Station of the Centre of Agricultural Sciences and Engineering, University of Debrecen.Sowing date had a significant effect on maize grain yield in the dry year. The grain yields of hybrids with longer growing periods were significantly higher than those with shorter growing periods in both years, but they reacted sensitively to the change in sowing date in the dry year. Due to the rainfall distribution in the growing season, sowing date did not modify the performance of the hybrids in the year with favourable water supplies. Sowing date had a significant effect on the grain protein content in the dry year, with significantly higher values after late sowing than after early or optimal sowing. Averaged over the sowing dates, the protein content of the FAO 200 hybrid was significantly higher in both years than that of hybrids in other FAO groups. In the dry year, the greatest difference in protein content could be observed between the early and late sowing dates for hybrids in all four FAO groups. A negative correlation was found between yield and protein content. Sowing date significantly increased the starch content of maize in the favourable year, with a significant difference between early and late sowing dates.In the dry year higher starch contents were recorded for all the hybrids and for all the sowing dates than in the favourable year. In the dry year, sowing date only caused a significant difference in the starch content in the case of FAO 200 sown at optimal and late sowing dates. In the favourable year, a significant difference was only obtained for the starch content of the FAO 400 hybrid sown at early and late sowing dates. Satisfactory quality can only be achieved if suitable genotypes are grown with appropriate technologies.

Effect of sowing date and seed rate on the grain yield and protein content of winter barley

1992 ◽  
Vol 118 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Conry ◽  
A. Hegarty
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Winter Barley ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Seed Rate ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Lower Protein

SUMMARYAn experiment, carried out over a 5-year period (1984–88) on medium–heavy textured soil at Athy (Ireland), tested the effect of five sowing dates (early September–early December) and four seed rates (c. 100, 150, 200 and 250 kg/ha) on the grain yield and protein content of winter barley (cv. Panda).September-sown plots gave the greatest yields in all years. Plots sown in mid-October and later gave significantly reduced yields. Yield reductions over the 5-year period averaged 15, 24 and 34% for the mid-October, November and December sowing dates, respectively. Significant differences in yield between the smaller and larger seed rates were obtained, with the latter giving the greatest yields at all sowing dates from late September to December. Increasing the seed rate, however, did not compensate for the yield reduction due to delayed sowing. In the early September-sown plots, the higher seed rates gave reduced yields in four of the five years (1984–87) with the opposite result in 1988. In 1988 the early September-sown plots gave greater yields than the late September-sown plots.Regression analysis showed a strong relationship between yield and log(ears/m2) in four of the five years (1984–87) but the relationship was poor in 1988 primarily due to the inexplicably low ear population of the early-sown plots. The inclusion of 1000-grain weight in the model gave a better fit and accounted for a high proportion (62–80%) of the yield variation.The late September sowing date and the higher seed rates gave slightly lower protein levels in four of the five years. There was an inverse relationship between grain yield and protein for the same four years (1984–87).

scholarly journals Morphological characters, plant phenology and yield of spring barley (Hordeum sativum L.) depending on cultivar properties and sowing date

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazimierz Noworolnik
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
State Research Institute ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

During the period 2008-2010, microplot experiments on spring barley were carried out in the experimental field of the Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation – State Research Institute in Puławy, on a good wheat soil complex. The following cultivars were compared: ‘Conchita’, ‘Kormoran’, ‘Rufus’, ‘Skald’, ‘Skarb’ (2008-2009) as well as ‘Afrodite’, ‘Aliciana’, ‘Bordo’, ‘Skald’, and ‘Suweren’ (2009-2010), in terms of their morphological characters determining grain yield and their response to sowing date: 7-12 April and 17-22 April. Among the spring barley cultivars tested, there were large differences in productive tillering of plants, number of ears per unit area, and grain yield. Smaller differences related to number of grains per ear and 1000 grain weight. The cultivars ‘Suweren’ and ‘Skarb’ were characterized by high grain yield thanks to greater plant tillering and higher number of ears. The cultivar ‘Bordo’ was marked by the highest number of grains per ear, while cv. ‘Kormoran’ had the highest 1000 grain weight. A delayed sowing date caused a shortening of the growing season by 8-9 days and a shortening of all plant growth stages. This negatively affected number of ears per unit area and grain yield, but did not result in significant changes in number of grains per ear and 1000 grain weight. ‘Suweren’ and ‘Skarb’, i.e. cultivars with higher tillering ability, can be considered to be cultivars more tolerant to delayed sowing date.

Sowing Dates of Wheat in Northern Sudan

1977 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Galil ◽  
A. Gabar Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Varietal Differences ◽  
Planting Time ◽  
Sowing Dates

SUMMARYThe effect of sowing time and variety were tested for three consecutive years under irrigated conditions. The relation between yield and planting time was quadratic, best described by y=a+bx-ex2 where y is grain yield and x is planting time. The results showed that, irrespective of variety, the optimum sowing date is around mid-November. Varietal differences are related to number of ears per unit area, with a stronger association of yield with grain weight than with any other yield components.

scholarly journals Effect of selenium and zinc foliar application to increase the quantitative and qualitative yields of rapeseed at different sowing dates

2022 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. e428
Author(s):  
A. Goharian ◽  
A.H. Shirani Rad ◽  
P. Moaveni ◽  
H. Mozafari ◽  
B. Sani
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Oil Quality ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Zinc Treatment ◽  
Sowing Dates

The sowing date is an important factor for expanding the cultivated area of rapeseed and affects seed yield, oil content, and fatty acid compounds. Micronutrient elements play an important role in improving the vegetative and reproductive growth of the plant, especially under conditions of biological and environmental stresses. A two-year experiment (2014-2016) was performed to study the response of rapeseed genotypes to foliar application of micronutrients on different sowing dates. The treatments were arranged as a factorial-split plot in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Three sowing dates of 7 (well-timed sowing date), 17, and 27 (delayed sowing dates) October and two levels of foliar application with pure water (control), selenium (1.5%), zinc (1.5%), and selenium+zinc (1.5%) were factorial in the main plots and five genotypes of SW102, Ahmadi, GKH2624, GK-Gabriella, and Okapi were randomized in the subplots (a total of 30 treatments). Seed yield, oil yield and content, oleic acid, and linoleic acid were reduced when rapeseeds were cultivated on 17 and 27 October, while the contents in palmitic, linolenic, and erucic acids, and glucosinolate increased (p < 0.01). a selenium+zinc treatment improved seed yield, oil content and yield (p < 0.01). The oil quality increased due to increased contents of oleic and linoleic acids under the selenium+zinc treatment (p < 0.01). The GK-Gabriella and GKH2624 genotypes are recommended to be sown on well-timed (7 October) and delayed sowing dates (17 and 27 October) and treated with selenium+zinc due to the higher oil yield, linoleic and oleic acids.

scholarly journals Variability and correlations between yield components of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]

Genetika ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Popovic ◽  
Milos Vidic ◽  
Djordje Jockovic ◽  
Jela Ikanovic ◽  
Snezana Jaksic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yield Components ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Tea Protein ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

NS soybean cultivars were assessed for variability of and correlations between yield components and the effect of genotype - environment interaction on yield, yield component and morphological characteristics. Experiments were carried out at Rimski Sancevi experiment field in 2009 and 2010. The following characteristics were evaluated: plant height (cm), height of first pod (cm), 1000-grain weight (g), grain yield (kg/ha) and the combined content of oil and protein in grain (%). Combined contents of oil and protein in grain soybean were determined by a non destructive method of near infrared spectroscopy on PERTEN DA 7000 (NIR/VIS Spectrophotometer). The studied characteristics varied significantly depending on genotype and year. The highest yield of 5273 kg/ha was obtained in 2009 with the genotype Victoria. Highest 1000-grain weights, 2009-2010, were achieved with the genotypes Valjevka and Victoria (149.27 g and 147.23 g). Maximum heights of first pod (19.40 cm) were recorded for the genotype Victoria, 2009-2010. Highest protein contents were obtained with the genotypes Valjevka and Victoria, 2009-2010, were and highest oil contents (21.73%) with the genotype Tea. Protein content was positively significantly correlated with 1000-grain weight and negatively significantly correlated with oil content, and negatively correlated with yield and the height of first pod. Oil content was positively correlated with the height of first pod. Thousand-grain weight was negatively highly significantly correlated with oil content in grain and negatively significantly correlated the height of first pod. The results of this study should facilitate further soybean breeding for improved seed yield and protein and oil contents.

scholarly journals Soybean seed oil content: genetic control under different photoperiods

1998 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 387-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zilda F.S. Miranda ◽  
Carlos A. Arrabal Arias ◽  
José Francisco Ferraz de Toledo ◽  
Marcelo Fernandes de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Oil Content ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Additive Genetic Variance ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Seed Oil Content ◽  
Additive Interaction ◽  
Additive Variance ◽  
Sowing Dates

The oil content of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) seeds is a polygenic and complex trait that is responsive to environmental effects that occur during plant development. Our objective was to study the seed oil content of soybeans developed under diverse photoperiod and temperature conditions. Three parental inbred lines with classic (BR-13, FT-2 and BR85-29009) and one with long juvenile flowering type (OCEPAR 8) and the F2, F3, and F9 generations derived from all possible crosses between them (including reciprocals) were sowed in September 27th, October 20th and December 17th in 1993 in Londrina, Paraná State, Brazil (between 23o08'47" and 23o55'46" latitude S). The October and December sowing dates are within the period the varietal research personnel recommend for sowing soybeans in Paraná State. The analysis of variance indicated significant differences among sowing dates, among advanced inbred lines, and the sowing date x inbred line interaction. Seed oil content increased from September to October and decreased from October to December in all materials, but the reduction was greater in FT-2 and OCEPAR 8 among the parentals. The additive genetic variance (D) or additive variance among linked genes (D1) was significant for all crosses and sowing dates. Genotype x micro-environment interactions were important in some crosses. The additive [d] effects were greater in September and October, and the additive x additive interaction [i] was important in October among the mean genetic parameters. Significant dominance effects [h] were more frequent in December and October, often in direction of the increased seed oil content. The heritability estimates ranged from 15 to 43%, with the highest values obtained in September. The prediction of cross potential to generate higher seed oil inbred lines indicated that selection is likely to be successful in most crosses. The highest proportion of inbred lines with seed oil percentage above the standard (lines with more than 22% seed oil content) was for BR85-29009 x OCEPAR 8 in September, FT-2 x OCEPAR 8 in October, and in BR85-29009 x OCEPAR 8 and BR-13 x OCEPAR 8 in December.

Effect of sowing dates on genetic components in six-rowed barley

2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-356
Author(s):  
Y. Sharma ◽  
S. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Spike Length ◽  
Dominance Model ◽  
Genetic Components ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

The genetics of yield and related traits was studied in barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) by means of 10 × 10 half-diallel progenies (F 1 and F 2 ) at three sowing dates. An additive-dominance model fitted only for flag leaf area, spike length and 1000-grain weight at different sowing dates. Both additive (D) and dominance components (H 1 and H 2 ) were significant for all the traits studied, indicating the preponderance of dominance components in controlling the inheritance for these traits. The value of (H 1 /D) 1/2 indicated over-dominance for all the traits except for flag leaf area. Values of ‘F’ indicated an excess of dominant alleles in the parents for all traits except for flag leaf area. The environmental component ‘E’ was significant for all traits. The ratio of H 2 /4H 1 indicated the symmetrical distribution of genes for all the traits studied. The value of h 2 /H 2 was less than one for all traits except for spike length, suggesting that a dominant gene was involved in controlling the inheritance of spike length, whereas multiple genes controlled the inheritance of the remaining traits. The heritability estimates were relatively moderate for flag leaf area and 1000-grain weight, but low for all other traits. However, epistatic interactions had an important role in the expression of other traits. Breeding methods such as bi-parental mating in early segregating generations or diallel selective mating may be advantageous to combine important yield component characters for a tangible advance in six-rowed barley.

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