Rumen fill, forage palatability and alimentary behaviour in sheep

1990 ◽  
Vol 115 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Baumont ◽  
N. Seguier ◽  
J. P. Dulphy
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Sensory Response ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
Eating Rate ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Grass Hay ◽  
Mixed Grass ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Large Meal

SUMMARYFive sheep were fitted with rumen cannulas and fed once daily ad libitumat 09.00 h with a low-quality mixed-grass hay or a good-quality lucerne hay. The effects of a second amount of the same hay or of the second hay distributed at the end of the large meal following the morning distribution, when rumen fill reaches its daily maximum, were investigated for feed intake, alimentary behaviour and rumen fill. The second distribution induced a true meal (200–400 g dry matter intake), except in the case of mixed grass offered after lucerne. On the basis of initial eating rate and the amount ingested, the highest palatability was for lucerne offered after mixed grass, and the lowest for mixed grass offered after lucerne. Diet selection was more pronounced with lucerne than with mixed grass, as indicated by the larger decrease in the neutral detergent fibre content of the fraction ingested. The true meals following the second distribution were associated with an increase in rumen fill up to 10% of the daily maximum observed without the second distribution. However, rumen fill with lucerne remained 1 kg lower than with mixed-grass hay, even after a second meal. It is concluded that the sensory response induced by a distribution of a sufficiently palatable hay is able to override the satiety signals due to rumen fill, and that there is a permanent balance between the stimuli related to the characteristics of the food available and those related to reticulo-ruminal digesta.

Evaluation of internal and external markers to estimate faecal output and feed intake in sheep fed fresh forage

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 741 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. Mioto da Costa ◽  
L. C. V. Ítavo ◽  
C. C. B. Ferreira Ítavo ◽  
A. M. Dias ◽  
H. V. Petit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Total Output ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Faecal Output ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fibre ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Internal Markers

The objectives of the present study were to estimate dry-matter intake and output of faeces using two external and four internal markers in sheep fed Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu on an ad libitum basis over 3- and 5-day periods. Six sheep fitted with ruminal cannulas were randomly assigned in a crossover design experiment to receive either of two treatments of external markers, namely titanium dioxide (TiO2) and chromic oxide (Cr2O3). Faecal output was obtained by total faecal collection and faecal grab sampling. Faeces were collected for 3- or 5-day periods, and, for each collection period, two sampling methods were compared; grab samples were collected directly in the rectum once daily, and a second sample was taken at the same time directly in faecal collection bags after having determined the daily total output of faeces. Faecal concentrations of the internal markers, indigestible dry matter, indigestible neutral detergent fibre, indigestible acid detergent fibre and indigestible acid detergent lignin (iADL), were determined. Faecal output was not accurately predicted with indigestible dry matter, indigestible neutral detergent fibre, indigestible acid detergent fibre and iADL. Dry-matter intake was predicted with iADL and TiO2 when faeces were collected for 5 days as grab samples once daily, or as total collection and with Cr2O3 when faecal grab samples were collected for 5 days. The results using external markers indicated that TiO2 is not a marker equivalent to Cr2O3 for estimating intake and faecal output. TiO2 was the only external marker to accurately estimate faecal output, independent of the method (total or grab) and time period (3 or 5 days) used; this suggests that TiO2 is the best marker tested for predicting the faecal output of sheep that are fed a diet of fresh Brachiaria brizantha (cv. Marandu) grass ad libitum.

An evaluation of contrasting C32 alkane dosing and faecal sampling regimes to estimate herbage dry matter intake by beef cattle

2014 ◽  
Vol 153 (2) ◽  
pp. 353-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. RICHMOND ◽  
A. R. G. WYLIE ◽  
A. S. LAIDLAW ◽  
F. O. LIVELY
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Sampling Protocol ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Ad Libitum

SUMMARYTwo experiments were carried out to evaluate different dosing and sampling regimes for estimating the dry matter intake (DMI) of vegetation by grazing beef cattle. Experiment 1 compared the DMI of a perennial ryegrass pasture by 48 grazing beef cattle dosed with C32n-alkane and faecally sampled at different time intervals. The cattle, of dairy and suckler origin, were balanced by origin and allocated to one of three alkane-dosing treatments (n=16): T1, dosed once daily (10.30 h) with two 500 mg boluses of C32 alkanes; T2, dosed twice daily (09.00 and 16.00 h) with a 500 mg bolus of C32n-alkane; and T3, dosed twice daily (07.00 and 19.00 h) with a 500 mg bolus of C32n-alkane. Faecal samples were collected concurrently with dosing in each treatment. Dosing interval had no effect on estimated DMI, when calculated using the n-alkane content of faeces sampled concurrently with dosing, suggesting that once-daily dosing with concurrent faecal sampling is adequate to estimate DMI by beef cattle. The objective of Expt 2 was to compare the accuracy of herbage DMI estimated using a once-daily C32 alkane dosing regime and n-alkane concentrations in faeces sampled at 09.00, 13.00, 17.00 and 21.00 h, against DMI measured directly. Twelve Holstein-Friesian bulls (mean body weight 265 kg) were housed individually in digestibility stalls and offered harvested perennial ryegrass or harvested semi-natural upland vegetation, both ad libitum. The DMI estimated by once-daily dosing with n-alkane and concurrent per rectum faecal sampling did not differ significantly from the directly measured DMI for either herbage type. It is concluded that a once-daily alkane dosing and concurrent faecal sampling protocol is adequate to reliably estimate the DMI of both upland and lowland pasture vegetation by beef cattle.

UTILIZATION OF GRASS SILAGE BY CATTLE: EFFECT OF BARLEY AND FISHMEAL SUPPLEMENTS

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 897-903 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. VEIRA ◽  
M. IVAN ◽  
G. BUTLER ◽  
J. G. PROULX
Keyword(s):  
Formic Acid ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Large Reduction ◽  
High Nitrogen Content ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Ad Libitum

Following weaning at 6–7 mo of age, 36 beef steers were used to determine production responses when grass silage was supplemented with barley or fishmeal. The silage was made from direct-cut, formic- acid-treated grass harvested from a mixed sward and had a high nitrogen content but poor fermentation characteristics. The silage was fed ad libitum for 98 days either alone or supplemented with 500 g fishmeal or 500 g barley per day. Both fishmeal and barley increased total dry matter intake (P < 0.01) by an amount equivalent to the quantity of supplement offered but had no effect on silage intake (P > 0.05). Steers fed the fishmeal grew substantially faster than either the barley (0.53 kg/day) or unsupplemented (0.54 kg/day) groups (P < 0.01). Fishmeal supplementation resulted in a large reduction (35%) in the amount of feed required per kilogram of gain. Key words: Cattle, grass silage, fishmeal, growth

Nutritive value of Albizia lebbek supplements for growing sheep

1992 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 273 ◽  
Author(s):  
i Dwatmadj ◽  
E Teleni ◽  
AR Bird ◽  
JB Lowry
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
Albizia Lebbeck ◽  
N Retention ◽  
Grass Hay ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Albizia Lebbek

This study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of supplements of siris (Albizia lebbeck) flowers and leaves on Merino wethers fed Mitchell grass hay (Astrebla spp.). Three groups, each of 6 sheep, were fed the following diets: hammermilled Mitchell grass hay ad libitum (M); M + 181 g DM/day of siris flowers (MF), and M + 216 g DM/day of siris leaves (ML). The experiment, conducted over 17 days, measured feed intake and digestibility, nitrogen (N) retention, and plasma glucose and urea concentrations. The total DM intakes by MF and ML sheep were significantly (P<0.01) higher than those in M sheep. As a result of the supplement of siris flowers, the digestibility of the MF diet was highest (P<0.01). Sheep fed the M diet showed negative N retention, while MF and ML sheep showed positive N retention. The increased (P<0.01) N retention in the MF and ML sheep was associated with increased (P<0.01) urinary N excretion. The improved nutritional state of MF and ML sheep was associated with increases in plasma glucose and urea concentrations. Environmental temperature, which reached a mean daily maximum of 31.3�C, did not interact with the dietary treatments.

Effect of physical processing on in situ degradation of barley in the caecum of ponies

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 127-127
Author(s):  
B M L McLean ◽  
J J Hyslop ◽  
A C Longland ◽  
D Cuddeford
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Cereal Grains ◽  
Processing Methods ◽  
Grass Hay ◽  
Physical Processing ◽  
In Situ Degradation ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Fixed Times

Cereal grains are often subjected to physical processing before being fed to equids. However, little information is available on how physical processing of cereals affects degradation dynamics in equids. This experiment examines the effect of two physical processing methods (micronisation and extrusion) on in situ degradation of barley in the caecum of poniesThree caecally fistulated mature Welsh-cross pony geldings (approx. LW 270kg) were offered ad libitum grass hay plus minerals. Incubation bags (monofilament polyester 6.5 x 20cm, 41μm pores, 16mg/cm2 sample size) containing either unprocessed barley (UB), micronised barley (MB) or extruded barley (EB) were incubated in the caecum for fixed times according to both a forward (0, 2, 4, 6, 12, 8, 24, 48h) and reverse (48, 24, 8, 4, 12, 6, 2, 0h) incubation sequence. For each feedstuff residues from each time were bulked within pony and across incubation sequence for subsequent analysis of dry matter (DM) and starch (STC). Degradation profiles were fitted to the DM and STC disappearance data according to Ørskov and McDonald (1979).

Effect of intraruminal infusion of urea on the response in voluntary food intake by sheep

1985 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 483 ◽  
Author(s):  
JK Egan ◽  
PT Doyle
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Plant Cell Walls ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Ad Libitum Intake

Six mature Merino sheep received three treatments in a randomized block design experiment. The treatments were: chopped oaten hay diet at 90% of ad libitum intake without urea (L); the ciet offered at the same level as for L with urea infused into the rumen at 11.5 g kg-1 dry matter intake (LU); and the diet offered at 90% of the ad libitum intake achieved with urea infused at 11.5 g kg-1 dry matter intake (HU). Sheep given HU consumed 37% more (P < 0.01) organic matter (OM) than those fed L or LU, but the apparent digestibility of OM did not vary (59.2-61.8%) between treatments. The addit onal food consumption was associated with c. 20% increase (P < 0.05) in the weight of OM in the reticulorumen and significantly higher (by 10-35%; P < 0.05) fractional outflow rates of most dietary and microbial constituents of digesta. The fractional digestion rate of potentially digestible plant cell walls was not affected by urea, but the flow of microbial non-ammonia nitrogen from the abomasum was enhanced (L, 7.0; LU, 8.2; HU, 12.5 g day-1; P < 0.05). The results of this study suggest that the stimulatory effect of urea upon food intake was associated with the provision of additional microbial protein for digestion in the intestines, rather than changes in the rate or extent of organic matter fermentation in the reticulorumen.

The relationship between protein nutrition, reproductive effort and breakdown in immunity toTeladorsagia circumcinctain periparturient ewes

2001 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 595-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.G. M. Houdijk ◽  
I. Kyriazakis ◽  
F. Jackson ◽  
R. L. Coop
Keyword(s):  
Host Resistance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Reproductive Effort ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Teladorsagia Circumcincta ◽  
Nutrient Partitioning ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractA nutritional hypothesis for the occurrence of the periparturient relaxation of immunity (PPRI) to gastrointestinal nematodes was tested within the bounds of a nutrient partitioning framework. It was hypothesized that at times of a scarce supply of metabolizable protein (MP), an increase in MP supply or a reduction in MP demand (having singles instead of twins) should lower the extent of PPRI in sheep. Twenty-one single- and 21 twin-bearing and -rearing Finn-Dorset ewes, 2 to 7 years old, and repeatedly infected withTeladorsagia circumcincta, were given one of three pelleted foods (no. = 7). The foods were formulated to supply 0·8 (L), 1·0 (M) and 1·2 (H) times the MP requirements during lactation, and were offeredad libitumfrom d–21to d35(d0 is day of parturition). Faecal egg counts (FEC) were assessed twice weekly as an indicator for host resistance. Dry-matter intake (DMI) during late pregnancy was higher than expected, and MP supply did not limit performance at this stage. In accordance with the hypothesis, there were no indications of a breakdown of immunity toT. circumcinctaduring late pregnancy. DMI during lactation did not differ between the single- and twin-rearing ewes. Calculated milk production was lower for the L than for the M and H ewes, especially for the twin-rearing ewes. A temporarily elevated FEC was observed during the first few days in lactation, which was probably mainly due to changes in faecal output rather than to PPRI. The FEC returned to low, late pregnancy levels at d12and remained low for the single- but not for the twin-rearing ewes (P< 0·001). Overall, the L ewes had higher FEC than the M and H ewes from d19onwards; this effect was more pronounced for the twin- than for the single-rearing ewes. It was postulated that DMI achieved overcame MP scarcity and thus prevented breakdown in immunity in the single-rearing ewes. The data support the view that, at times of MP scarcity, an increase in MP supply and reduction in MP demand can lower the extent of the breakdown in immunity towardsT. circumcincta.

scholarly journals Effects of different restricted feeding strategies on performance of growing and finishing dairy bulls offered grass silage and barley based diets

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katariina Manni ◽  
Marketta Rinne ◽  
Erkki Joki-Tokola ◽  
Arto Huuskonen
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Compensatory Growth ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Feeding Strategies ◽  
Restricted Feeding ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Dairy Bulls

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of restricted feeding strategies on performance of growing and finishing dairy bulls. The feeding experiment comprised in total 32 Finnish Ayrshire bulls with an initial mean live weight (LW) of 122 kg and age of 114 days. Feeding treatments were silage ad libitum and daily barley allowance of 93 g kg-1 LW0.60 (A); restricted feeding (R) at 0.80 × A; increasing feeding (I) similar to R until LW of 430 kg and thereafter similar to A; and decreasing feeding (D) similar to A until LW of 430 kg and thereafter similar to R. Restricted feeding strategies decreased daily dry matter intake and LW gain and increased the time to reach the target carcass weight (300 kg). Bulls on I exhibited compensatory growth. There were no significant differences in feed efficiency between the treatments. The present experiment indicates that silage intake ad libitum and supplemented with concentrate resulted in most effective beef production.

scholarly journals Effect of Ruminally-protected leucine supplement on milk yield and plasma amino acids in dairy cows

2008 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 351 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. KRÍZOVÁ ◽  
J. TRINÁCTÝ ◽  
M. RICHTER
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Plasma Amino Acids ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Milk Protein Content ◽  
Ad Libitum

The aim of this study was to determine the influence of leucine supplement in the form of rumen-protected tablets on milk yield and composition and plasma amino acids in four high-yielding lactating Holstein cows. The experiment was carried out as a cross-over procedure and was divided into 4 periods of 14 d (10 d preliminary period and 4 d experimental period). Cows were fed ad libitum a diet based on maize silage, lucerne hay and a supplemental mixture. The diet, defficient in methionine, lysine, and leucine, was supplemented with methionine+lysine (Control) or methionine+lysine+leucine (Leu) in rumen protected form. The dry matter intake, milk yield and milk yield expressed in energy corrected milk did not differ significantly between the treatments. Milk protein content and yield did not show statistically significant variation. The contents and yield of casein, fat, lactose and urea were unaffected by the treatment. Blood metabolites did not vary between the treatments. The introduction of Leu resulted in higher plasma levels of proline (p

Estimation of intake and digestibility of forage-based diets in group-fed dairy cows using alkanes as markers

1999 ◽  
Vol 133 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. UNAL ◽  
P. C. GARNSWORTHY
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Filter Papers ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Basal Ration ◽  
Food Consumed

Dry matter intake is one of the major factors limiting milk production in dairy cows, although the quantity of food consumed by an individual cow when housed and fed as part of a group is rarely known. Such information would permit more precise ration formulation, concentrate allocation and selection of cows according to efficiency of milk production. Alkanes have been used with sheep and cattle to estimate feed intake under grazing conditions and could provide a technique for measuring intake in housed dairy cows. The purpose of this study was to examine alkanes C32 and C36, in combination with alkane C33, as indigestible markers for estimating intake of housed dairy cows fed on different diets under experimental and commercial conditions. Three experiments were conducted with hay-based diets (Expt 1), silage only diets (Expt 2) and a diet consisting of a silage-based basal ration plus concentrates (Expt 3). Animals were dosed once daily with C32 and C36, either on filter papers (Expts 1 and 2) or as part of a specially prepared concentrate (Expt 3). Faecal recoveries of alkanes ranged from 0·88 to 0·99. Over the range of intakes found in the three experiments (6–24 kg DM/d), the r2 values for estimated versus actual dry matter intakes ranged from 0·81 to 0·99. It is concluded that alkanes could provide a useful technique for estimating intake in dairy cows housed and fed in groups.

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