Effect of intraruminal infusion of urea on the response in voluntary food intake by sheep

1985 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 483 ◽  
Author(s):  
JK Egan ◽  
PT Doyle
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Plant Cell Walls ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Ad Libitum Intake

Six mature Merino sheep received three treatments in a randomized block design experiment. The treatments were: chopped oaten hay diet at 90% of ad libitum intake without urea (L); the ciet offered at the same level as for L with urea infused into the rumen at 11.5 g kg-1 dry matter intake (LU); and the diet offered at 90% of the ad libitum intake achieved with urea infused at 11.5 g kg-1 dry matter intake (HU). Sheep given HU consumed 37% more (P < 0.01) organic matter (OM) than those fed L or LU, but the apparent digestibility of OM did not vary (59.2-61.8%) between treatments. The addit onal food consumption was associated with c. 20% increase (P < 0.05) in the weight of OM in the reticulorumen and significantly higher (by 10-35%; P < 0.05) fractional outflow rates of most dietary and microbial constituents of digesta. The fractional digestion rate of potentially digestible plant cell walls was not affected by urea, but the flow of microbial non-ammonia nitrogen from the abomasum was enhanced (L, 7.0; LU, 8.2; HU, 12.5 g day-1; P < 0.05). The results of this study suggest that the stimulatory effect of urea upon food intake was associated with the provision of additional microbial protein for digestion in the intestines, rather than changes in the rate or extent of organic matter fermentation in the reticulorumen.

Utilization of clover diets by sheep. 1. Intake and digestion of organic matter and cell wall constituents

1988 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 871 ◽  
Author(s):  
CE McLaren ◽  
PT Doyle
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Design Experiment ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Load Rate ◽  
Outflow Rate ◽  
Ad Libitum Intake

Nine mature Merino sheep received three clover diets in a randomized block design experiment. The diets were mature subterranean clover (MSC), apparent organic matter digestibility (OMD) 60%; green subterranean clover (GSC), OMD 72%; persian clover (PC), OMD 67070, and were given at 95% of measured ad libitum intake. The voluntary consumption of the MSC was lower than the intakes of the CSC and PC. Consequently, the sheep given MSC lost weight, while those receiving the more digestible diets gained weight. Associated with the different intakes in these clover diets, there there were no differences in the levels of ruminal fill, but there were differences in ruminal loads of dry matter (DM) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) in sheep given MSC, GSC and PC, respectively. The flows of DM and OM through the abomasum were lower for MSC, and with a tendency for the fractional outflow rate of NDF of this diet to be lower (2.3 v. 2.8% h-1) when compared to the GSC and PC hays. The proportions of apparent OM (0.65-0.71), of NDF (0.71-0.82) and of ADF (0.95-140) digestion occurring in the rumen were similar for the three clover hays. The fractional digestion rates of potentially digestible NDF were higher for the more digestible clovers (c. 8.6% h-1) than for the MSC (6.5% h-1). The intake of the higher digestibility clovers may have been more related to the capacity of the sheep to use absorbed nutrients than to constraints imposed by ruminal digesta load, rate of digestion in the rumen or rate of outflow to the omasum. With the MSC the level of ruminal or dry matter load was low. In addition, the fractional rates of digestion and of outflow of cell wall constituents were or tended to be lower for this diet than for the other clovers. Intake of MSC may have been limited not only by these factors, but also by the supply of essential nutrients to the tissues or by other characteristics of the hay influencing its acceptability to sheep.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN MULTI NUTRIENT SAUCE DALAM RANSUM TERHADAP KECERNAAN BAHAN KERING DAN BAHAN ORGANIK PADA DOMBA

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Yogi Ramdani, Erwanto, Farida Fathul, dan Liman
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2

This study aimed to investigate the effect of adding multi nutrient sauce to rations on the digestibility of dry matter and organic matter in sheep. This research was conducted in May--July 2019 in Kebagusan Village, Gedong Tataan District, Pesawaran Regency. Analysis of feed ingredients and feces was carried out at the Animal Nutrition and Feed Laboratory, Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung. This research was conducted experimentally using the Randomized Block Design (RBD) method. Sheep were divided into six groups based on body weight, namely group 1 (11,18--13,18 kg), group 2 (13,97--14,13 kg), group 3 (14,31--14,51 kg), group 4 (14,89--15,91 kg), group 5 (16,35--16,66 kg), and group 6 (17,15--17,77 kg). Each group consisted of 3 sheep. Treatment given were R0: basal ration formulated by farmer (forage silage + cassava byproduct), R1: R0 + 5% multi nutrient sauce, R2: R0 + 10% multi nutrient sauce. The results showed that the addition of 10% multi nutrient sauce was the best treatment that could improve the digestibility of dry matter and organic matter in sheep.   Key word : Multi nutrient sauce, Dry matter digestibility, Digestibility of organic matter, Sheep.

The effect of concentrate level on performance of dairy sheep offered grass silage ad-libitum

1994 ◽  
Vol 1994 ◽  
pp. 127-127
Author(s):  
C. Ewbank ◽  
C.M. Minter ◽  
R.G. Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
Dairy Sheep ◽  
Total N ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Concentrate Level

The response of dairy cows offered grass silage to increases in the level of concentrate supplementation is well documented. However little information exists for dairy sheep. The aim of this trial was to assess the impact of concentrate level on silage dry matter intake, milk production and quality and daily liveweight change in milking ewes.After weaning at 8 weeks, 24 mature Friesland ewes were individually penned. Ewes were offered precision chopped grass silage: (dry matter (DM) 203 g/kg; ph 3.4; ammonia nitrogen 58 g/kg total N; crude protein (CP) 164 g/kg DM; metabolisable energy (ME) 10.9 MJ/kg DM) ad-libitum and concentrate DM (CP 194) g/kg DM; ME 12.8 MJ/kg DM) at daily rates of 0; 0.7, 1.4 and 2.1 kg/day with no more than 0.6 kg per feed. Water was available ad libitum. All animals were milked twice daily through a Fullwood parlour and weighed weekly. Silage was fed daily and refusals removed twice weekly. The experiment lasted 6 weeks and was analysed as a random block design.

scholarly journals PSXII-18 The influence of molybdenum in drinking water or feed on apparent absorption and retention of molybdenum and copper in beef steers

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 423-424
Author(s):  
Meghan P Thorndyke ◽  
Nicole M Tillquist ◽  
Nicole M Jones ◽  
Terry Engle
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Sodium Molybdate ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Apparent Absorption ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Intake Control

Abstract Twelve Angus steers (BW 694.1 ± 47.4 kg) fitted ruminal cannulae were used to examine the effect of molybdenum (Mo) supplemented in drinking water or feed on apparent absorption and retention of Mo and copper (Cu). Steers were fed a low-quality grass hay diet (DM basis: 6.5% CP; 0.13% S, 3.4 mg Cu/kg, 2.4 mg Mo/kg) for 14 d. Steers were then housed in individual metabolism stalls for 3 d to determine DMI. Steers were then blocked by BW and DMI and randomly assigned within block to one of three treatments (n = 4 steers per treatment). Treatments consisted of: 1) Control (no supplemental Mo); 2) 5.0 mg Mo/kg DM from sodium molybdate dihydrate (Mo-diet), and 3) 1.5 mg Mo/l from sodium molybdate dihydrate delivered in the drinking water (Mo-water). After the 3d DMI determination period, total fecal and urine output was collected for 5 d. Dry matter intake and DM digestibility were similar across treatments. Data were analyzed using a mixed effects model (PROC MIXED, SAS) for a completely randomized block design. Apparent absorption of Cu was greater (P &lt; 0.05) in Control and Mo-water steers when compared to Mo-diet steers. Apparent retention of Cu was greater (P &lt; 0.05) in Control steers when compared to Mo-diet steers. Steers receiving Mo-water had a similar apparent retention of Cu when compared to Control and Mo-diet steers. By design, treatment was a significant (P &lt; 0.01) source of variation for Mo intake. Control steers had lesser (P &lt; 0.05) Mo intake when compared to Mo-diet and Mo-water supplemented steers. Apparent absorption and retention of Mo were greater (P &lt; 0.05) in Mo-diet steers compared to Control and Mo-water steers. These data indicate that Mo metabolism and apparent absorption of Cu are different when Mo is supplemented in water relative to feed.

scholarly journals PSIV-3 Effect of winter-feeding system and roughage level in feedlot ration on subsequent spring grazing behavior and dry matter intake of beef growing heifers

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 228-229
Author(s):  
María Victoria Burjel ◽  
Alvaro Simeone ◽  
Oscar Bentancur ◽  
Natalia Zabalveytia ◽  
Virginia Beretta
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Ingestive Behavior ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Feeding System ◽  
Grazing Behavior ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Winter Feeding

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the effect of winter-feeding system (grazing, GFS vs. feedlot, FFS) and ration roughage level (RL), on subsequent spring grazing behavior and forage dry matter intake (DMI). Thirty-two Hereford female calves (149 ± 13 kg) were assigned to four winter dietary treatments (110 days) in a randomized block design (n = 2/treatment): three feedlot rations differing RL (Setaria italica) (0%, 35% or 70% DM) or oats grazing (5 kg DM/100 kg LW). In spring (84 days) all treatments grazed a mixed grass-legume pastures (4317 ± 1009 kg DM/ha; 6 kg DM/100 kg LW). During weeks 1, 3 and 5 after changing diets, diurnal behavior activity (effective/search grazing, rumination, idling or water intake) was visually recorded and DMI estimated from the in vivo DM digestibility (DMD) and fecal production. Data were analyzed according to a block design with repeated measures, with general model including block, treatment (T), week (W) and T×W effects. Means were compared through orthogonal contrasts (Table 1). Spring DMI varied with T (P = 0.0084) regardless of W effect (P = 0.1619), with higher values for GFS compared to FFS (1.55 vs. 1.16 kg/100 kg LW, P = 0.0034) and for 70RL compared to 35RL (P = 0.0286). DMD did not differ between treatments (P = 0.2488) but was lower on W1 than W5 (55 vs. 64 %, P = 0.0150). T×W was significant (P &lt; 0.0001) for effective grazing, rumination and idling. On W1, heifers from GFS grazed less (0.40 vs. 0.49, P = 0.0268) but tended to ruminate more (0.26 vs. 0.18, P = 0.0591) than FFS. As pasture DMD improved (W5) GFS grazed more (0.64 vs. 0.51, P = 0.0020) but ruminated less (0.14 vs. 0.21, P = 0.0450) than FFS. Transition from FFS to spring grazing might reduce pasture DMI modifying animal ingestive behavior compare to animals from GFS. Impact could be higher when ration RL is below 70%.

scholarly journals 227 Evaluation of reimplant timing with Revalor-200 on steer performance and carcass characteristics

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 127-128
Author(s):  
Caitlin A Coulson ◽  
Bradley M Boyd ◽  
Henry Hilscher ◽  
Brandon L Nuttelman ◽  
Grant I Crawford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Trenbolone Acetate ◽  
First Derivative ◽  
Randomized Block Design

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the optimal time to reimplant following an initial implant on performance and carcass characteristics when steers were fed for 180 d. Crossbred steers (n = 800; initial BW = 330 ± 25 kg) were utilized in a generalized randomized block design and assigned randomly to pen, and pen assigned randomly to one of five treatments. Treatments included 5 different days on terminal (DOT) implant (160, 120, 100, 80 or 40 DOT). All steers were given an initial implant (80 mg trenbolone acetate (TBA) + 16 mg estradiol; Revalor-IS) on d 1. Terminal implant consisted of 200 mg TBA + 20 mg estradiol (Revalor-200). Dry matter intake was the least for 40 DOT (P ≤ 0.04), with no differences between the other treatments (P ≥ 0.11). Carcass-adjusted final BW responded quadratically (P = 0.03) with 100 DOT having the greatest final BW but was not different from 120 DOT (P = 0.82). Carcass-adjusted ADG and G:F responded quadratically (P = 0.02 and P < 0.01, respectively). When solved for the first derivative, carcass-adjusted ADG and G:F were maximized at 99 and 87 DOT, respectively. However, there was less than a 2% difference in carcass-adjusted ADG and G:F between 80 and 120 DOT. Hot carcass weight responded quadratically (P = 0.03), with the greatest HCW at 100 DOT. Solving for the first derivative, HCW was optimized at 104 DOT. There were no differences in back fat, marbling, or yield grade (P ≥ 0.27). Overall, administering an initial implant followed by a terminal implant 85 to 105 d prior to harvest increased gain, efficiency, and HCW in steers when fed for 180 d. Minimal changes in performance and carcass characteristics when steers are reimplanted 80 to 120 d prior to harvest suggests flexibility in reimplanting windows.

Impact of phytogenic feed additives on growth performance, nutrient digestion and methanogenesis in growing buffaloes

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 1056 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Samal ◽  
L. C. Chaudhary ◽  
N. Agarwal ◽  
D. N. Kamra
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Methane Emission ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Buffalo Calves ◽  
Nutrient Utilisation

Twenty growing buffalo calves were fed on a basal diet consisting of wheat straw and concentrate mixture in a randomised block design, to study the effect of feeding phytogenic feed additives on growth performance, nutrient utilisation and methanogenesis. The four groups were viz. control (no additive), Mix-1 (ajwain oil and lemon grass oil in 1 : 1 ratio @ 0.05% of dry matter intake), Mix-2 (garlic and soapnut in 2 : 1 ratio @ 2% of DMI) and Mix-3 (garlic, soapnut, harad and ajwain in 2 : 1 : 1 : 1 ratio @ 1% of DMI). The experimental feeding was continued for a period of 8 months. A metabolism trial was conducted after 130 days of feeding. Methane emission from animals was measured by open-circuit indirect respiration calorimeter. The feed conversion efficiency was higher by 9.5% in Mix-1, 7% in Mix-2 and 10.2% in Mix-3 group than in control. The digestibility of nutrients was similar except crude protein, which was improved (P < 0.05) in treatment groups. All buffalo calves were in positive nitrogen balance. Comparative faecal nitrogen decreased and urinary nitrogen increased in all the supplemented groups compared with in the control group. Methane emission (in terms of L/kg dry matter intake and L/kg digestible dry matter intake) was reduced by 13.3% and 17.8% in Mix-1, 10.9% and 13.5% in Mix-2 and 5.1% and 9.8% in Mix-3 groups as compared with control. When expressed in L/kg organic matter intake and L/kg digestible organic matter intake, methane production was reduced by 13.3% and 16.7% in Mix-1, 10.9% and 12.9% in Mix-2 and 5.1% and 8.4% in Mix-3 groups compared with the control group. These feed additives inhibited methane emission without adversely affecting feed utilisation by the animals. The faecal energy, urinary energy and methane energy losses were not affected (P > 0.05) due to feeding of these additives. Further, long-term feeding experiments should be conducted on a large number of animals to validate these effects before they can be recommended for use at a field level.

scholarly journals Carcass characteristics of Canindé goats subjected to feed restriction

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreia Batista Bezerra ◽  
Severino Gonzaga Neto ◽  
Ariosvaldo Nunes de Medeiros ◽  
Francisco Fernando Ramos de Carvalho ◽  
Safira Valença Bispo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Chest Circumference ◽  
Feed Restriction ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Ad Libitum Intake

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of feed restriction on the carcass characteristics of castrated Canindé goat kids. A randomized block design was used, in which 21 goat kids with a body weight (BW) of 15.9±1.0kg were allocated to three levels of feed restriction: ad libitum, 20% and 40% restriction related to the ad libitum intake. The diet consisted of 55% forage (Tifton) and 45% concentrate. All animals were slaughtered when the kids fed ad libitum reached a BW of 25kg. After slaughter, the carcasses were chilled for 24 hours and subsequently measured. Kids fed ad libitum and subjected to 20% feed restriction showed similar morphometric carcass measurements, except for the chest circumference. Goat kids fed ad libitum exhibited greater values for warm and cold carcass yields compared with those subjected to 40% feed restriction and did not differ from the kids under 20% feed restriction. Weights of the commercial cuts showed decreasing mean values according to the intensity of feed restriction. Castrated Canindé goat kids subjected to 20% feed restriction presented similar carcass yields and proportion of commercial cuts to those fed ad libitum.

scholarly journals Pengaruh suplementasi minyak ikan terproteksi terhadap kecernaan nutrien bahan kering (bk ) dan bahan organik (bo) pada kambing peranakan ettawa (pe)

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-62
Author(s):  
Tri Ida Wahyu Kustyorini
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Anova Analysis ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat kecernaa bahan kering (BK) dan bahan organik (BO) pada kambing peranakan ettawa. Materi yang digunakan adalah 9 ekor kambing jantan peranakan ettawa dan minyak ikan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode percobaan lapang dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK). Perlakuan yang diujikan adalah P0: pakan control (rumput gajah dan konsentrat), P1 (rumput gajah, konsentrat + minyak ikan), P2 (rumput gajah, konsentrat + Ca-minyak ikan). Setiap perlakuan kambing PE diulang sebanyak 3 kali. Variabel yang diamati pada penelitian adalah kecernaan bahan kering (BK) dan bahan organik (BO).hasil penelitian dianalisis dengan mnggunakan analisis anova dan jika terdapat pengaruh dilanjut dengan uji BNT. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa adanya perbedaan yang tidak nyata P>0,05 terhadap kecernaan bahan kering (BK) dan kecernaan bahan organik (BO) pada kambing peranakan ettawa.  Kecernaan BK tertinggi pada P0 sebesar 92,70% dan kecernaan BO tertinggi juga pada P0 sebesar 86,21%. Kesimpulan yang diperoleh dari hasil penelitian ini yaitu pemberian minyak ikan terproteksi tidak memberikan pengaruh yang nyata terhadap tingkat kecernaan BK dan BO.   ABSTRACT  This study aims to determine the level of dry matter digestibility and organic matter in ettawa breed goats. The material used was 9 male ettawa breeds and fish oil. The research method used is a field trial method using Randomized Block Design (RBD). The treatments tested were P0: control feed (elephant grass and concentrate), P1 (elephant grass, concentrate + fish oil), P2 (elephant grass, concentrate + fish oil Ca-oil). Each treatment of PE goats is repeated 3 times. The variables observed in the study were dry matter digestibility and organic matter. The results of the study were analyzed by using ANOVA analysis. Based on the results of the study showed that there was no significant difference P> 0.05 to the dry matter digestibility (DM) and digestibility of organic matter (OM) in ettawa breeds. The highest DM digestibility at P0 was 92.70% and the highest OM digestibility was also at P0 of 86.21%. The conclusion obtained from the results of this study is that the provision of protected fish oil does not have a significant effect on the digestibility level of DM and OM.

scholarly journals Effect of fermentation on mixed rumen contents and jackfruit peel using Aspergillus oryzae on in vitro gas production and digestibility

2022 ◽  
Vol 335 ◽  
pp. 00048
Author(s):  
Mashudi Mashudi ◽  
Wahyuni Nurmawati
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Aspergillus Oryzae ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production

The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of Aspergillus oryzae on fermentation of mixture of rumen contents and jackfruit peel on in vitro gas production and digestibility. The method used in this study was an experiment using a randomized block design (RBD) of 4 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments including of T0 = 50% rumen contents + 50% jackfruit peel, T1 = 40 % rumen contents + 60% jackfruit peel + 0,4% Aspergillus oryzae, T2 = 30% rumen contents + 70% jackfruit peel + 0,4% Aspergillus oryzae, T3 = 20% rumen contents + 80% jackfruit peel + 0,4% Aspergillus oryzae. Variables observed were gas production, dry matter digestibility (DMD), and organic matter digestibility (OMD). Data were analyzed by using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) from Randomized Block Design, if there were significant effect between the treatments then tested with least significant different (LSD). The result showed that fermentation of mixture of rumen contents and jackfruit peel have highly significant effect (P<0.01) on gas production, and significant effect (P<0.05) on DMD and OMD. Gas production, DMD and OMD of fermented mixture of rumen contents and jackfruit peel are higher than control without fermentation. It is concluded that the higher jackfruit peels the higher gas production, DMD and OMD.

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