Improvement of the water status and yield of field-grown grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) by inoculation withAzospirillum brasilense

1988 ◽  
Vol 110 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sarig ◽  
A. Blum ◽  
Y. Okon
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation

SummaryThe effect of inoculation withAzospirillum brasilenseon growth, water status and yield of dryland sorghum (cv. RS 610 and cv. H-226) growing on stored soil moisture was examined in three field experiments conducted during the years 1983–5.Plants were sampled at regular intervals, and the following characteristics were measured: dry-matter accumulation, leaf area, grain yield, percentage nitrogen and phosphorus in leaves, leaf water potential, canopy temperature, transpiration, stomatal conductance and soil water depletion.Inoculation led to an average increase of 19% in total stover dry-matter yield, as a result of higher rates of dry-matter accumulation during the early stages of growth.Azospirilluminoculation caused a 15–18% increase in grain yield in all three experiments. This increase was associated with a greater number of seeds per panicle.The water regime of sorghum plants was improved by inoculation, as seen in their higher leaf water potential, lower canopy temperatures and greater stomatal conductance and transpiration. Total extraction of soil moisture by inoculated plants was greater (by about 15%) and occurred from deeper soil layers, compared with non-inoculated controls.These findings indicate that inoculation withAzospirillumcan lead to yield increases in dryland grain sorghum, primarily through improved utilization of soil moisture.

Photosynthesis in Coffea arabica. II. Effects of Water Stress

1980 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Kumar ◽  
Larry L. Tieszen
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Coffea Arabica ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Plant Water

SUMMARYExperiments were carried out to relate soil moisture to leaf water potential (Ψ1), and to determine the effects of varying Ψ1, on leaf conductances and photosynthesis in coffee. Stomatal conductance was maximum at 0900 h, but plants growing in drier soil showed marked mid-day stomatal closure. After 1500 h, stomata began closing although plant water status improved. Photosynthesis in relation to changing Ψ1 appeared to exhibit roughly three different rates. At the fixed experimental temperature (25°C) low Ψ1 reduced photosynthesis throughits influence on stomata, but under field conditions low Ψ1 and an accompanying rise in temperature could lower the rate by lowering both mesophyll and stomatal conductances.

Relationship Between Root/Soil Hydraulic Properties and Stomatal Behaviour in Sugarcane

1989 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 241 ◽  
Author(s):  
NZ Saliendra ◽  
FC Meinzer
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Hydraulic Conductance ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Soil Drying ◽  
Root Hydraulic Conductance ◽  
High Soil Moisture

Stomatal conductance, leaf and soil water status, transpiration, and apparent root hydraulic conductance were measured during soil drying cycles for three sugarcane cultivars growing in containers in a greenhouse. At high soil moisture, transpiration and apparent root hydraulic conductance differed considerably among cultivars and were positively correlated, whereas leaf water potential was similar among cultivars. In drying soil, stomatal and apparent root hydraulic conductance approached zero over a narrow (0.1 MPa) range of soil water suction. Leaf water potential remained nearly constant during soil drying because the vapor phase conductance of the leaves and the apparent liquid phase conductance of the root system declined in parallel. The decline in apparent root hydraulic conductance with soil drying was manifested as a large increase in the hydrostatic pressure gradient between the soil and the root xylem. These results suggested that control of stomatal conductance in sugarcane plants exposed to drying soil was exerted primarily at the root rather than at the leaf level.

scholarly journals Physiological Response of Cape Gooseberry Seedlings to Two Organic Additives and Their Mixture under Inoculation with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. physali

HortScience ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Luis Chaves-Gómez ◽  
Alba Marina Cotes-Prado ◽  
Sandra Gómez-Caro ◽  
Hermann Restrepo-Díaz
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Physiological Response ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Vascular Wilt ◽  
Organic Additives ◽  
Cape Gooseberry

Vascular wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. physali is the most limiting disease in cape gooseberry crops. The use of natural products such as organic additives is a promising alternative for management of this disease. The present study sought to evaluate the physiological response of cape gooseberry plants infected with this pathogen and treated with the organic additives chitosan, burned rice husks, or their mixture. The test was conducted under greenhouse conditions and soil was inoculated with F. oxysporum f. sp. physali strain Map5. Chitosan was applied to seeds and seedlings at the time of transplantation, whereas burned rice husk was incorporated into the soil in a 1:3 ratio. Plants inoculated and not inoculated with the pathogen were used as controls. The following variables were evaluated: area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC), leaf water potential, stomatal conductance (gS), leaf area (LA), dry matter accumulation, photosynthetic pigment contents, proline synthesis, and lipid peroxidation estimation [malondialdehyde (MDA)]. The results showed that cape gooseberry plants with vascular wilt and treated with chitosan had higher gS, leaf water potential, LA, dry matter accumulation, and proline content values. In addition, the levels of vascular wilt severity decreased in comparison with pathogen-inoculated controls. The results suggest that chitosan applications on cape gooseberry plants may be considered as an alternative in the integrated management of the disease in producing areas, because they can mitigate the negative effect of the pathogen on plant physiology.

Stomatal Responses and Whole-Tree Hydraulic Conductivity of Orchard Macadamia integrifolia Under Irrigated and Non-Irrigated Conditions

1991 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 661 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Lloyd ◽  
T Trochoulias ◽  
R Ensbey
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Simple Expression ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Leaf Water Status ◽  
Diurnal Patterns ◽  
Macadamia Integrifolia ◽  
Independent Variable

Diurnal patterns of stomatal conductance (gs) and leaf water potential (Ψ1) were determined for leaves on irrigated and non-irrigated 5-year-old Macadamia integrifolia trees over a 4-month period from September to December 1989. An empirical model for stomatal conductance was developed for irrigated trees using relationships to photon irradiance (I), leaf temperature (T1) and vapour mole fraction difference (D). This model accounted for 69% of the variance in gs, and was not improved by the inclusion of Ψ1 as an independent variable. Fitted parameters led to the effective prediction of gs for untried combinations of environmental variables. By using a simple expression to link leaf water potential to transpiration rate (E), the model was extended to prediction of Ψ1 from measurements of I, T1 and D. Stornatal conductances were significantly lower on non-irrigated trees after a 2-month dry period. Lower stornatal conductances were not accompanied by more negative Ψ1 indicating that soil rather than leaf water status may control gs in macadamia trees under non-irrigated conditions.

scholarly journals Effects of Water Deficits on Prosopis tamarugo Growth, Water Status and Stomata Functioning

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Alson Time ◽  
Edmundo Acevedo
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Ww Ii

The effect of water deficit on growth, water status and stomatal functioning of Prosopis tamarugo was investigated under controlled water conditions. The study was done at the Antumapu Experiment Station of the University of Chile. Three levels of water stress were tested: (i) well-watered (WW), (ii) medium stress intensity (low-watered (LW)) and (iii) intense stress (non-watered (NW)), with 10 replicates each level. All growth parameters evaluated, such as twig growth, specific leaf area and apical dominance index, were significantly decreased under water deficit. Tamarugo twig growth decreased along with twig water potential. The stomatal conductance and CO2 assimilation decreased significantly under the water deficit condition. Tamarugo maintained a high stomatal conductance at low leaf water potential. In addition, tamarugo reduced its leaf area as a strategy to diminish the water demand. These results suggest that, despite a significant decrease in water status, tamarugo can maintain its growth at low leaf water potential and can tolerate intense water deficit due to a partial stomatal closing strategy that allows the sustaining of CO2 assimilation in the condition of reduced water availability.

scholarly journals Influence of water status on vine vegetative growth, berry ripening and wine characteristics in Mediterranean Zone (example of Nemea, Greece, variety Saint-George, 1997)

OENO One ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefanos Koundouras ◽  
Cornelis Van Leeuwen ◽  
Gérard Seguin ◽  
Yves Glories
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Water Uptake ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Berry Ripening

<p style="text-align: justify;">The influence of grapevine water status on vine physiological mecanisms and vigour, as well as on berry ripening and wine characteristics, was studied during the summer of 1997 in the Nemea vine growing area (Peloponnesus, Greece). This involved three non irrigated vineyards planted with the local variety Saint-George (Agiorgitiko). These vineyards differed by their soil texture and by the presence of a water table within reach of the roots. The soil of the plot "A", located at 350 m in altitude, contained a high amount of gravel and stones between 0 and 50 cm in depth. The subsoil contained nearly 50 p. cent of clay. The plot "L" was located on a plain at 300 m in altitude. Its soil was very loamy. The plot "N" was located on a plain at 260 m in altitude. Its soil contained a high amount of clay and loam but its main caracteristic was the presence of a permanent water table within reach of the roots. Vine water status was evaluated throughout the season by measurements of leaf water potential Ψ. Additional measurements of soil water content were executed by means of a TDR moisture probe (Time Domaine Reflectometry). Water uptake of the vines showed great differences on the three plots. On the plot A, water uptake of the vines diminished brutally from June (pre-dawn Ψ= -0,2 MPa) through September (pre-dawn Ψ= -1,0 MPa); measurements of stomatal conductance in early September showed that stomata remained practically closed throughout the day. On the plot N, water was easily available to the vines throughout the summer. Pre-dawn leaf water potential remained between 0 and -0,2 MPa from June till September. Stomatal conductance, measured in early September, was high. On L, vine water status was intermediate: pre-dawn leaf water potential declined throughout the season, but not as dramatically as on A. Stomatal conductance, measured in early September, was intermediate between N and A. Water availability had a clear effect on vegetative growth. Growth slackening occured early in the season on A and late on N. On plot A, berries were smaller and showed high sugar and anthocyanin concentration and low malic acid content. Wine from A, obtained by mini-vinification (3,5 hl), was rich in alcohol, anthocyanins and tanins. On N, berries had a low sugar and anthocyanin content. Wine from grapes grown on N was poor in alcohol and polyphenolics. Berry and wine composition was intermediate on L.</p>

Linking the patterns in soil moisture to leaf water potential, stomatal conductance, growth, and mortality of dominant shrubs in the Florida scrub ecosystem

2008 ◽  
Vol 313 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 113-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonali Saha ◽  
Theresa M. Strazisar ◽  
Eric S. Menges ◽  
Patrick Ellsworth ◽  
Leonel Sternberg
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Florida Scrub

scholarly journals Physiological responses of maize and cowpea to intercropping

2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 915-921 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOSÉ MOACIR PINHEIRO LIMA FILHO
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Land Equivalent Ratio ◽  
Equivalent Ratio ◽  
Maize Productivity ◽  
Sole Crop ◽  
Main Component

The effect of intercropping on plant water status, gas exchange and productivity of maize (Zea mays L.) cv. Centralmex, and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. (Walp)) cv. Pitiuba were evaluated under semi-arid conditions at the Embrapa-Centro de Pesquisa Agropecuária do Trópico Semi-Árido (CPATSA) at Petrolina, PE, Brazil. The treatments were: maize and cowpea as sole crops, at a population of 40,000 plants ha-1, and intercropped at a population of 20,000 plants ha-1. The results obtained in this paper appear to be related to the degree of competition experienced by the components, mainly for water and light. Maize intercropped had higher values of leaf water potential, stomatal conductance, transpiration and photosynthesis than as sole crop. Intercropped cowpea had higher values of leaf water potential but lower stomatal conductance, transpiration and photosynthesis than sole cowpea. Maize productivity increased 18% in relation to sole crop whereas a 5% decrease was observed with cowpea. Despite these facts the Land Equivalent Ratio obtained was 1.13 indicating intercropping advantage over the sole system. The higher partial Land Equivalent Ratio observed for maize suggests that this specie was the main component influencing the final productivity of the intercropping system studied.

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