In vitro and in vivo rumen protection of proteins coated with calcium soaps of long-chain fatty acids

1989 ◽  
Vol 112 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Sklan
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Fatty Acid Production ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Soya Bean Meal ◽  
In Sacco

SummaryThe in sacco, in vitro and in vivo effects of feeding proteins partially coated with calcium soaps of longchain fatty acids were examined.In sacco, 84–90% of whey powder and soya-bean meal coated with calcium salts of fatty acids remained after 20 h incubation in the rumen of sheep. In vitro tests revealed no effects on volatile fatty acid or ammonia production.In vivo sheep balance studies, where soya-bean meal coated with calcium soaps was substituted for soya-bean meal, showed no effects on ammonia or volatile fatty acid production in the rumen due to the calcium soap coated proteins. No changes were observed in digestibilities of dry matter, nitrogen or acid detergent fibre; total fatty acid digestion increased. Nitrogen balance was improved slightly in sheep fed the protected protein.It appears that proteins coated with calcium soaps are not degraded in the rumen and thus energy and non-degradable protein can be supplied to ruminants by this route.

The use of a novel in vitro technique for the assessment of the ruminal degradation of soya bean meal.

1993 ◽  
Vol 1993 ◽  
pp. 167-167
Author(s):  
A T Chamberlain
Keyword(s):  
Pore Size ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Artificial Fibre ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Soya Bean Meal ◽  
In Sacco

The metabolisabie protein system (AFRC, 1992) requires the measurement of the dynamics of the degradation of protein in the rumen. However the recommended method, using fistulated animals, is slow, expensive and may be considered unacceptable by many in terms of animal welfare. The objective of this work was to develop an in vitro technique for the routine assessment of feed protein degradability.A 101 vessel fitted with an automatic stirrer was filled with modified van Soest media and rumen liquor (pooled from two sheep) and maintained under anaerobic conditions at 39.5°C. Small artificial fibre bags (4.5x3cm, pore size 54 micro-m ±4) were filled with 0.4g of soya bean meal and incubated in the vessel for 3,6,10 and 24 hours using 3 replicates at each time. Bags were washed in running cold water for 30 mins immediately after removal. Four replicates of 3g samples in large Dacron bags (10x7cm, pore size 55 micro-m ±22) were also incubated in sacco in fistulated yearling wethers using a 4x4 Latin square design to assess the base line degradability. In sacco bags were rinsed and frozen after removal and washed in a domestic washing machine at the end of the experiment.

The digestion of untreated and formaldehyde-treated soya-bean and rapeseed meals by cattle fed a basal silage diet

1983 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Rooke ◽  
I. M. Brookes ◽  
D. G. Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Protein Supplements ◽  
Formaldehyde Treatment ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
Soya Bean Meal ◽  
In Sacco

SUMMARYThe effect of pretreating soya-bean and rapeseed meals with formaldehyde was studied. Soya-bean and rapeseed meals, both untreated and formaldehyde-treated, were fed to cattle receiving a basal diet of silage in a 4 × 4 latin square. Formaldehyde treatment of both meals significantly reduced apparent N digestibility. All four protein supplements increased the amounts of non-ammonia N and amino acid N entering the small intestine over those obtained when silage was fed alone. Formaldehyde treatment of the meals increased the amounts of non-ammonia N and amino acid N entering the small intestine; this effect was significant, however, for only the formaldehyde treatment of the soya-bean meal. The low efficiency of microbial N synthesis observed when silage was fed alone was increased by the inclusion of both of the soyabean meals in the diet but not by the inclusion of the rapeseed meals. Formaldehyde treatment reduced the apparent degradability of the soya-bean meal N, determined in vivo, from 0·90 for the untreated meal to 0·40 for the formaldehyde-treated meal; similarly the degradability of the untreated rapeseed meal was reduced from 0·77 to 0·41 by the formaldehyde treatment. The in sacco technique gave values for degradability for the protein supplements which ranked them in a similar manner as did the in vivo technique; however, for any one meal the in sacco value for degradability was lower than that determined in vivo.

The digestion of untreated and formaldehyde-treated soya-bean meals and estimation of their rumen degradabilities by different methods

1982 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 441-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Rooke ◽  
B. W. Norton ◽  
D. G. Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Formaldehyde Treatment ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Soya Bean Meal ◽  
In Sacco

SUMMARYThe effect of treating soya-bean meal with formaldehyde was studied in cattle by supplementing a hay–barley diet with two levels of either untreated or formaldehydetreated soya-bean meal. The formaldehyde treatment had no significant effect upon apparent N digestibility in the whole tract; it increased the amounts of non-ammonia N and amino acid N entering the small intestine but this increase was not statistically significant. However, increasing the proportion of either soya-bean meal in the diet increased the flow of non-ammonia N to the small intestine and apparent N digestibility in the whole tract. The formaldehyde treatment reduced the apparent degradability of the soya-bean meal N, determinedin vivofrom 0·74 for the untreated meal to 0·38 for the formaldehyde-treated meal. Thein saccotechnique produced values for the apparent degradability of the two soya-bean meals which ranked them in a similar manner as did thein vivotechnique but gave lower values for degradability than thein vivotechnique.

scholarly journals PSVII-35 Late-Breaking Abstract: Microwave heat treatment feed effect on ruminal degradability and intestinal protein digestibility - a brief review

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 342-343
Author(s):  
Md Safiqur Rahaman Shishir ◽  
Muhammad Jamal Khan ◽  
Hassan Khanaki ◽  
Graham Brodie ◽  
Brendan Cullen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Canola Seed ◽  
Intestinal Protein ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Ruminal Degradability ◽  
Soya Bean Meal

Abstract Rumen degradability of crude protein (CP) of feed is a major factor that determines the utilization of CP in ruminant production. This study briefly reviewed the findings from six international studies of microwave (MW) heat treatment effect on feed CP rumen degradability and intestinal CP digestibility. Six in vitro studies of concentrate feed (canola seed, canola meal, soya bean meal, cottonseed meal, corn, and barley) showed a decrease in effective rumen degradability of dry matter and protein by 4–40% and 17–40%, respectively compared to control group (untreated concentrate feed). Among the six studies, four studies identified the MW heat treatment effect on intestinal protein digestibility. Due to MW heat treatment, canola seed, canola meal, soya bean meal, and cottonseed meal showed an increase in intestinal CP digestibility by 17%, 20%, 21%, and 19%, respectively. Overall the briefly reviewed studies showed that, MW heat treatment substantially reduced feed CP ruminal degradability and increased in vitro CP digestibility of ruminally undegraded CP.

Uptake and compartmental distribution of fatty acid by rat small intestine in vivo

1975 ◽  
Vol 228 (5) ◽  
pp. 1409-1414
Author(s):  
S Mishkin ◽  
M Yalovsky ◽  
JI Kessler
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Entire Length ◽  
Rat Small Intestine ◽  
Pass Through

The uptake and esterification of micellar [3-H]oleate and [14-C] palmitate were uniform along the entire length of the small intestine in vivo. Fatty acids (FA) radioactivity taken up by the small intestine could be described in terms of four functionally distinct compartments analogous to those described in vitro. The KRP-extractable compartment (KEC) and albumin-extractable compartment (AEC) contained reversibly adherent unesterified FA radioactivity, while the tissue free and esterified FA compartments contained irreversibly bound radioactivity. Wheras 27% and 63% of FA uptake were reversibly bound in the KEC and AEC by the most proximal and most distal regions of the small intestine in vitro (15), less than 10% was contained in these compartments in vivo, independent of location. Linear inverse relationships were found betweeen tissue FA esterification and proportion of FA radioactivity present in the KEC,AEC, and the tissue free FA compartment in vivo. These observations allow for the possibility that FA molecules pass through these compartments prior to esterification.

The rumen simulation technique (Rusitec) as a method to determine the in vitro carry-over period following monensin treatment by measuring volatile fatty acid molar proportions

1998 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 145-146
Author(s):  
E. D. Mackintosh ◽  
R. H. Phipps ◽  
H. J. Grubb
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Simulation Technique ◽  
The Past ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Carry Over ◽  
Ionophore Monensin

Ruminant and ruminal responses to feeding the gram-positive ionophore, monensin, have been researched extensively over the past 20 years. A proportion of many such in vivo experiments have used a change-over design. In doing so, the researcher either paid no attention to or was reasonably confident that any possible carry-over effects would have dissipated. Evidence does exist which leads to an estimation of duration to maximum treatment effects but such comparable evidence surrounding the duration of carry-over to monensin treatment is not available.An in vivo trial was proposed at the Centre for Dairy Research (CEDAR), to investigate the ruminal effects of feeding monensin to lactating dairy cows with 4-week periods of which 3 weeks was for change-over and adaptation. Therefore, before conducting such an expensive experiment, in terms of both time and money, an in vitro study using the rumen simulation technique (Rusitec) was carried out to determine if 3 weeks was considered adequate to eliminate carry-over effects when measuring volatile fatty acid (VFA) molar proportions.

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