Effects of physiological age of seed tubers on seed yield and regrowth of progeny tubers in potatoes

1986 ◽  
Vol 107 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. O'Brien ◽  
J. L. Jones ◽  
E. J. Allen ◽  
G. S. M. Raouf
Keyword(s):  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Seed Tuber ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Physiological Age ◽  
Tuber Initiation ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Seed Tubers ◽  
Lower Temperature ◽  
Seed Crops

SummaryFour experiments are reported in which the effects of a range of physiological ages of seed tubers on growth and yield in seed crops and regrowth of the progeny seed were studied. Increasing the age of seed in Home Guard, Arran Comet, Pentland Javelin and Désirée advanced emergence, tuber initiation and early growth but restricted leaf area index and reduced the number of tubers and seed tuber yield. In these varieties increasing the physiological age of seed shortened the dormancy of the progeny seed and slightly increased sprout lengths at replanting but in Home Guard had no effects on field growth and tuber yield.In a further series of experiments at Tenby seed of five varieties (Home Guard, Red Craigs Royal, Désirée, Maris Piper and Stormont Enterprise) was multiplied over 2 years using husbandry methods designed to produce seed of contrasting ages. Once-grown seed from Tenby which had been planted and harvested early in the season was stored at either 4 or 12 °C and grown again at Tenby before being stored again at either 4 or 12 °C. The seed resulting from this multiplication over 2 years was compared with seed imported from seed-growing areas stored at the two temperatures. The seasons for the two multiplications at Tenby (1975 and 1976) were hot and were followed by an especially cold and late spring yet few differences between seed from Tenby and other areas could be detected. Where seed from different areas entered sprouting temperatures at different times and therefore produced different ages of seed at replanting large effects on yield were found. Storage temperature had large effects on regrowth of tubers in Home Guard, Red Craigs Royal and Stormont Enterprise for storage at 12 °C produced ‘little potato disorder’ in the majority of plants in one storage phase while storage at lower temperature produced full plant stands and yields. The results provided no support for the suggestion that repeated multiplication in warm lowland areas may lead to cumulative deterioration in the performance of seed.

Response of ‘Russet Burbank’ Seed Tubers Containing Dicamba and Glyphosate

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-16
Author(s):  
Nelson D. Geary ◽  
Harlene Hatterman-Valenti ◽  
Gary A. Secor ◽  
Richard K. Zollinger ◽  
Andrew P. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Russet Burbank ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Tuber Initiation ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Potato Seed ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Seed Tubers ◽  
Mother Plants

AbstractIncreased use of dicamba and/or glyphosate in dicamba/glyphosate-tolerant soybean might affect many sensitive crops, including potato. The objective of this study was to determine the growth and yield of ‘Russet Burbank’ potato grown from seed tubers (generation 2) from mother plants (generation 1) treated with dicamba (4, 20, and 99 g ae ha−1), glyphosate (8, 40, and 197 g ae ha−1), or a combination of dicamba and glyphosate during tuber initiation. Generation 2 tubers were planted near Oakes and Inkster, ND, in 2016 and 2017, at the same research farm where the generation 1 tubers were grown the previous year. Treatment with 99 g ha−1dicamba, 197 g ha−1glyphosate, or 99 g ha−1dicamba + 197 g ha−1glyphosate caused emergence of generation 2 plants to be reduced by up to 84%, 86%, and 87%, respectively, at 5 wk after planting. Total tuber yield of generation 2 was reduced up to 67%, 55%, and 68% when 99 g ha−1dicamba, 197 g ha−1glyphosate, or 99 g ha−1dicamba + 197 g ha−1glyphosate was applied to generation 1 plants, respectively. At each site year, 197 g ha−1glyphosate reduced total yield and marketable yield, while 99 g ha−1dicamba reduced total yield and marketable yield in some site-years. This study confirms that exposure to glyphosate and dicamba of potato grown for potato seed tubers can negatively affect the growth and yield potential of the subsequently grown daughter generation.

Effects of seed crop husbandry, seed source, seed tuber weight and seed rate on the growth of ware potato crops

1992 ◽  
Vol 119 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. O'Brien ◽  
E. J. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Seed Tuber ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Stem Density ◽  
Seed Rate ◽  
Seed Tubers ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Seed Crops

SUMMARYThe results of 20 experiments which compared seed from July-planted crops with seed from earlier planted (April-May) crops either grown locally or from certified seed-producing areas are reported. The effects of dates of planting and harvesting of late-planted seed crops and seed storage temperature were examined in eight experiments. In five experiments, the effect of seed rate was studied on two weights of seed-tubers in the July-planted crops.Tubers of several cultivars from the July-planted crops ended their dormancy close to the normal planting time of ware crops, 2–4 months later than tubers from spring-planted crops grown either locally or in areas certified for seed production. Tubers from seed crops planted in July produced fewer mainstems in ware crops than tubers from spring-planted crops, but effects on stem density were usually too small to have any significant effect on foliar ground cover and consequently on tuber yield. Date of planting the seed crops in July and date of harvest of the seed-tubers had no effect on sprout or ware crop growth in Record or Wilja. Ware tuber yields were similar for the different seed sources in 12 out of 15 experiments, suggesting little difference in the performance of tubers from seed crops planted early and late in the season.At equivalent seed rates, small seed-tubers (12·5 ± 2·5 g) from July-planted seed crops usually produced more stems and tubers and greater ware yields than larger tubers (37·5 ± 2·5 g). For the smaller seed, the results suggested optimum seed rates for ware tuber yields of c. 0·88, 0·88 and 0·59 t/ha for Wilja, Record and Saturna, respectively. These are substantially lower than those currently used in the UK. For the larger seed, rates of c. 2·64, 2·64 and 1·76 t/ha were adequate for Wilja, Record and Saturna, respectively.

An evaluation of small seed for ware-potato production

1992 ◽  
Vol 118 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. Allen ◽  
P. J. O'Brien ◽  
D. Firman
Keyword(s):  
Seed Weight ◽  
Seed Tuber ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Seed Tubers ◽  
Small Seed ◽  
Seed Crops

SUMMARYSixteen experiments over six seasons (1981–87) compared the growth and yield of up to 16 seed-tuber weights, ranging from 1–5 to 110–120 g, in one second-early and four maincrop varieties. Four of the experiments (1986–87) examined effects in seed tubers from seed crops planted in July; the remaining experiments used seed from crops planted at the normal time, April–May. Effects were similar for seed from the different planting dates. Plants from seed < 5 g (and occasionally up to 15 g) emerged slightly later and produced a smaller crop canopy that those from larger seed. The later emergence from the smallest seed was a consequence of a slower rate of sprout elongation. There were no effects of seed weight above 15 g on stem emergence or growth of the canopy. In 1982, a severe frost completely defoliated all plants in four experiments but within 2 weeks complete plant emergence was re-achieved from all seed weights except the smallest (1–5 g). The results suggest few differences between seed weights > 5 or 10 g in emergence from similar depths of planting or in recovery from frost damage.Tuber yields were little affected by seed weight > 5 or 10 g, even at constant within-row spacings. Consequently, seed rates from 0·59 to 5·4 t/ha produced similar yields and the results suggest considerable economic benefits and potential for using seed tubers of much smaller weight than may be sold under current legislation. The use of small seed tubers from late-planted crops may result in further economies in production costs and reduction in disease in seed tubers.

Effect of altering the physiological age of potato seed-tubers in the fall on subsequent production in a short-season environment

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 275-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Richard Knowles ◽  
Gabor I. Botar
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Seed Tuber ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Russet Burbank ◽  
Physiological Age ◽  
Quadratic Model ◽  
Tuber Quality ◽  
Potato Seed ◽  
Seed Tubers

The efficacy of utilizing "controlled seed-tuber aging" as a technique to enhance yield and improve tuber quality in areas with relatively short growing seasons was investigated in a 3-yr study. Prior to planting in the field, five physiological ages of Russet Burbank, Carlton, Norchip and Superior seed-tubers were produced by varying the heat-unit accumulation over a 200-d storage interval. Total yield increases of up to 90% and substantial improvements in tuber grade were achieved by planting aged (600–900 degree-day (dd)) seed-tubers. Plant growth from aged Russet Burbank seed-tubers was modelled to identify the mechanisms by which yield and quality were altered. Growth analysis demonstrated that the age-induced yield increases were due to faster emergence, faster leaf-area establishment, and tuberization earlier in the growing season compared with that from younger seed-tubers. The annual life cycle was thus accelerated, allowing plants from older seed-tubers to utilize the short (120-d) growing season more efficiently than those from younger seed-tubers. This was reflected in a higher harvest index: plants from 739 dd seed-tubers partitioned 63% of their total fresh weight into tubers compared with 48% for those from 66 dd seed-tubers (based on the quadratic model describing the relationship between seed-tuber age and and harvest index at 121 d after planting). The technique appears to be very promising for enhancing yield and/or promoting ’earliness’ of potatoes in regions with short growing seasons.Key words: Solanum tuberosum, seed-tuber age, plant growth, yield

Accumulated day-degrees as a measure of physiological age and the relationships with growth and yield in early potato varieties

1983 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 613-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. O'Brien ◽  
E. J. Allen ◽  
J. N. Bean ◽  
R. L. Griffith ◽  
Susan A. Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Physiological Age ◽  
Tuber Initiation ◽  
Early Potato ◽  
Effective Measure ◽  
Potato Varieties ◽  
Field Growth ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Sprout Growth ◽  
Young Seed

SUMMARYData from nine experiments from 1973 to 1981 which examined the effects of physiological age on sprout and field growth of early potato varieties are reported. Length of longest sprout per tuber and all aspects of field growth were related to number of daydegrees > 4 °C experienced by the seed after onset of sprout growth (measured as the appearance of a 3 mm sprout). It is, therefore, suggested that this scale is an effective measure of physiological age. In Home Guard and Maris Bard, increasing age of seed tubers resulted in earlier emergence and tuber initiation, larger early leaf areas and increased early tuber yields. As growth proceeded young seed produced the largest and most persistent leaf areas and the yields surpassed those of older seed and in some experiments yields decreased with increasing age at the final harvests.Optimum ages for specific harvesting periods were determined from regressions of tuber yield on age. In both varieties, they decreased with delay in harvesting. However, optimum ages differed in the two varieties and the implications for production and storage of seed and testing of varieties are discussed.

Effect of centre of production, maturity and storage treatment of seed tubers on the growth of early potatoes: II. Field growth

1969 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. B. Goodwin ◽  
A. Brown ◽  
J. H. Lennard ◽  
F. L. Milthorpe
Keyword(s):  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Southern Region ◽  
Tuber Initiation ◽  
Field Crop ◽  
Stem Number ◽  
Seed Tubers ◽  
Subsequent Crop ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Soil Level

SUMMARYStudies were carried out on the effect of source, time of lifting and post-harvest treatment of apparently virus-free Arran Pilot seed potatoes on subsequent crop growth. The experiments were carried out in 1961–2 and 1962–3 at Efford, Sutton Bonington and Edinburgh. Seed tubers from the more southern region, which were older and showed greater sprout development at planting, gave plants with a higher stem number at soil level, a higher tuber number and a greater percentage of the tuber yield as seed grade than northern-produced seed. High bulking rates were associated with early emergence, high tuber numbers and late apparent time of tuber initiation. In 1962 southern seed produced plants which initiated tubers early and had low bulking rates and low final yields. In 1963 seed source had little effect on the time of tuber initiation of resulting plants, and southern-produced seed gave plants with high bulking rates and high final yields. Early lifted and greened tubers gave rise to plants with the same pattern of response as seed produced at the southern centre. It is suggested that this variation in response between years was due to the climatic conditions at the time of tuber initiation in the field crop.Seed of a required state at planting can usually be obtained by growth at the centre of ware production provided disease can be controlled and the time between harvesting of seed and planting is longer than about 3 months.

scholarly journals Effect of PLRV infected seed tuber on disease incidence, plant growth and yield parameters of potato

1970 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
MS Rahman ◽  
AM Akanda
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Tuber Number ◽  
Insect Vector ◽  
Stem Number ◽  
Infected Seed ◽  
Seed Tubers

An investigation was conducted to find out the effect of PLRV infected seed tubers on disease incidence, plant growth, and tuber yield of potato. The levels of PLRV infected seed tubers were 0, 10, 20, 33, and 100%. Presence of PLRV infected tubers at 20% and higher rate caused significant increase in disease incidence and reduction in plant height, stem number, tuber number, and tuber yield as compared to that in control. Incidence of PLRV in the experimental fields, reduction in plant height, stem number, tuber number, and tuber weight per hill was positively and linearly correlated with levels of their inoculum. Spraying of Nimbicidine against insect vector did not show significant influence on plant growth and tuber yield.Keywords: Inoculum levels; disease incidence; PLRV; insecticide; growth and yield performance; potato.DOI: 10.3329/bjar.v35i3.6441Bangladesh J. Agril. Res.35(3) : 359-366

scholarly journals DAMPAK APLIKASI MULSA DAN GENERASI UMBI BIBIT (G2, G3, LOKAL) PADA TANAMAN KENTANG (Solanum tuberosum LINN)

BUANA SAINS ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 153
Author(s):  
Ester Ruchama Jella ◽  
Agus Suryanto ◽  
Lilik Setyobudi
Keyword(s):  
Seed Tuber ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Local Data ◽  
Seed Tubers ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Black Plastic ◽  
The Impact

Sub-optimal environment condition and the use of low-quality seed tubers is a constraint to increase the yield of potato tubers. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of the various applications of mulch and seed tuber G2, G3, local on growth and yield of potato tubers, as well as to temperature and soil moisture. The research was conducted in June-December, 2013 in the highlands (2232.66 m asl) in Village Ranupani, District Senduro, Lumajang, East Java Province. A randomized block design was used with a combination of treatments: without mulch (tm), black plastic mulch silver (mphp), blue plastic mulch (mpb), Chromolaena odorata mulch (mCo) and the mother bulb G2, G3, local. There are 12 combinations of treatment was repeated 3 times. The combination of these treatments consist of: tm+G2, mphp+G2, mpb+G2, mCo+G2, tm+G3, mphp+G3, mpb+G3, mCo+G3, tm+local, mphp+local, mpb+local, mCo+local. Data were analyzed using the F test with a level of 5%. If a significantly different among treatment followed by LSD test 5%. The results showed the use mphp on local seed tubers are able to provide growth and potato tubers yield optimum is 641.76 g plant-1 ( 21.39 t ha-1) compared to other treatments, but the tuber yield did not differ significantly with the use mpb in seed tubers G2.

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